مریم دربندی

"Interior architecture" as a professional and academic discipline, despite having an independent position, is mixed and intertwined with “architecture”. It can be said that until about a century ago, when "interior architecture" and "interior design" had not been formed, the arrangement and design of interior spaces were mainly related to the specialty of "architecture" and architects had the main responsibility for this work.  But after the changes and transformations that took place over the last two centuries, especially in the social, professional, and academic systems, specialties were formed with the names of "interior decoration", "interior design", and "interior architecture" respectively, and its specialists became the main bearers of the responsibility related to the arrangement and design of interior spaces. Today, interior architecture or interior design has such an independent position in the professional and education system that few can ignore its legitimacy. However, it is important to consider that despite the formation of an independent position for "interior architecture" (or "interior design"), due to its common nature and institution, it has a close and intertwined relationship with "architecture". Therefore, the relationship between interior "architecture" and " architecture" is the subject of this research. This research has been carried out in four steps. Since this article is about the position of interior architecture in relation to architecture, the recognition of interior architecture has been first discussed with a brief overview. Therefore, in the first part, a review of the formation of this specialty has been done in order to gain knowledge of interior architecture through genealogy and examine the course of its evolution. In order to achieve this purpose, it was investigated how the three specializations "interior decoration", "interior design" and "interior architecture" emerged. In the second part, there is a review of opinions in the field of the relationship between "interior architecture" and "architecture" and an attempt has been made to categorize these opinions. To better achieve this, abstract models have been used to explain these opinions. In the third part, by examining and analyzing these votes, the relationship of these votes with each other in a comprehensive model structure was examined. Finally, in the fourth part, with a critical look at the mentioned models, a new conceptual model has been explained to analyze the relationship between "interior architecture" and "architecture". The type of research is qualitative, and its methodology is analytical interpretive, and logical reasoning. This research concludes that the relationship between interior architecture and architecture from the angle of the concept of inside and outside is in the form of a spectrum that interior architecture from inside to outside, and architecture from outside to inside, are intermingled and have no boundaries. At the same time, these two specializations form a whole in a complementary relationship. This research can contribute to a more accurate understanding of interior architecture and clarify its relationship with architecture.

"Interior decoration", "interior design", and "interior architecture" are known as three names that refer to specialties that are focused on the organization of interior spaces. The emergence of these three specialties takes place in a historical process; first "interior decoration" in the early nineteenth century, then "interior design" in the early twentieth century, and then "interior architecture" about four decades ago. The precedence and delay in the emergence and application of these specialties does not mean the complete replacement of the latter over the earlier one; however, in some cases and for some reasons, the former specialty has been replaced by the latter. In fact, these three specialties, despite their many similarities and commonalities, have different meanings and uses and in relation to each other, and they have created a relationship that is questionable and worth considering. So the main question of this research is what is the relationship between the mergence of "Interior decoration", "interior design", and "interior architecture".To answer the above question, first, the foundations and origins of each are examined and analyzed. This is because by finding the roots and recognizing the factors and conditions of each period, it is possible to identify the requirements and needs that have affected the emergence of each. These factors and conditions form a system in which they interact and are affected. As a result, their interaction leads to the formation and objectification of each of these specialties. After recognizing the way the three specialties are formed, their function and functional evolution have been studied in both the context of profession and education. In this way, the relationship between these three specialties is explained. Since the subject of this research is to know the origin of these professional areas and how it is formed, the main focus is on beginning to find the subject matter of these specialties that have lasted from the early nineteenth century to the late twentieth century. In the last two decades, these specialties have become more widespread in the profession and education, and so a careful study of this issue requires further opportunities. Therefore, the time period studied in this research is from around 1800 to 2000.So the goal of this study is to understand the relationship between these three titles. The methodology of this research is analytical, interpretive, and logical reasoning. This means that by searching, collecting, and organizing documents, and evaluating and interpreting data, a description of the origin and formation of these three specialties is provided. The findings of this study show how the factors influencing the formation and survival of "interior decoration", "interior design", and "interior architecture" operate and how they relate to each other. Since a relatively short time has passed since the introduction of these specialties, this research can help to understand each of these three areas of expertise more accurately and is effective in clarifying their position in relation to each other. Continuation of this research can help to develop the concepts and theoretical foundations of these specialties.

"Interior architecture" and "interior design" are two titles that refer to the knowledge or profession that deals with the arrangement of interior spaces. The use of name "interior design" is about a century old, but only some decades have passed since the appearance of the name "interior architecture". Today, both of these titles are used both in the field of knowledge and in the profession. The purpose of this article is to address the relationship between interior architecture and interior design. To achieve this goal, the existing definitions of these two have been compared, and by analyzing the similarities and differences between interior design and interior architecture, the nominal or intrinsic difference between these two names has been examined. In the end, the pathology of using these two names has been discussed. The type of this research is qualitative and its method is analytical and interpretive. From this research, it has been concluded that It can be said that there are three types of opinions or three types of approaches regarding the relationship between interior architecture and interior design. The first group is the group that believes in distinguishing interior design and interior architecture. In the definitions provided by this category, interior architecture has a distinct meaning and function from interior design. As a result, the experts of this group, in addition to confirming the legitimacy of interior architecture, have given it an independent identity. The second group of opinions in this regard is related to the group that considers interior design and architecture to be the same. This group does not deny the legitimacy of interior architecture, but they believe that there is no distinction between interior architecture and interior design as if interior architecture was a title that had the desire to replace interior design in order to validate interior design, but it was not successful. As a result, both titles are used today. Therefore, the application of each of these two titles is based on an agreement that is different in different countries, and this matter has an agreement or contractual aspect. The third point of view in this regard is an approach that fundamentally questions the legitimacy of interior architecture and considers it a threat to the professional and academic position of interior design. The experts of this category believe that using the title interior architecture is ambiguous and confusing, because there is not enough distinction between this title and interior design. Considering the above conditions, it is necessary to form a consensus council and make a comprehensive and international decision to explain the definitions and functions of these two titles, which will be the benchmark for the actions of all professional organizations and educational centers; This can help to resolve the existing confusion and raise the status of this area.

“Interior Architecture” or “Interior Design” as names for professional specialties and academic disciplines, have a history of nearly a century. Most of the research done during these years has been related to practical and applied design issues, but the need for research in the theoretical field, has called for attention in the last two decades, more than ever. One of the most important works published on this subject, is the book, Toward a New Interior: An Anthology of Interior Design Theory. In the book, Loise Weinthal, formulates a theoretical framework and places emphasis on a collection of essays within his proposed layers of framework in order to draw out themes. A diagram of this anthology’s organizational strategy concieves the interior in eight asymmetrical onion-shaped layers that occasionally have overlaps here and there. The book, according to the model and corresponding to the sections, is comprised of selected essays related to a broader set of concerns than interior design. In this article, in order to reflect on the theoretical framework of Interior design, we analyse and interpret the views of Louis Weinthal in this book. The article has two main sections; The first part, with a question-based structure, is about Weinthal ideas of what and how is interior, but the second part, is dedicated to the description of his proposed theoretical framework and a review of articles related to the model. The aim of the present article, is to contemplate on how to formulate a theoretical structure for interior design. The article can be a way of thinking and research in the theoretical field of interior design, furthermore, can help students and professionals in the field become more familiar with interior design literature, related issues, and theoretical resources; An area that deserves more attention due to its emergence and, consequently, its lack of resources.

The main purpose of this research was to "investigate the impact of information technology on the organizational structure of Iran's insurance company". In this regard, dimensions of organizational structure (complexity, formalization and concentration) as dependent variables and information technology as independent variables. The statistical population of the research is all employees of Iran Insurance Company of Northern Branches of Tehran. The research method is descriptive survey with applied approach. The method of collecting information is library and survey method. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of using information technology on the organizational structure of Iran Insurance Joint Stock Company in Northern Branch of Tehran. The statistical population of the research is all employees of Iran Insurance Company of Northern Branch of Tehran with 340 people. The number of samples was estimated using the Morgan table of 181 people. A questionnaire was used to collect data. Validity of the questionnaire was confirmed by the respected professors and experts. The Cronbach's alpha, the reliability of the questionnaire was 803%. To analyze the data, descriptive statistics (tables and charts) and inferential statistics (multivariate regression) were analyzed using SPSS software. used. The results showed that there is a significant relationship between information technology and organizational structure, and the relationship between formalization, complexity and focus in organizational structure with IT has been confirmed. It is worth noting that IT respondents in the poorly investigated company have been evaluated; and the organizational structure of the insurance company is highly evaluated, which means that the structure is rigid, bureaucracy and formalization are excessive.