مریم شیرازی

The Children's Book Review Journal was a specialized periodical aimed at enhancing the quality of written works for children and young adults, published in ten issues from Spring 2020 to Spring 2023. The main sections of the journal included reviews of original and translated books, as well as literature covering religious, mystical, philosophical, dramatic, psychological, and war themes, alongside humor literature. The journal featured various types of critiques such as analytical, comparative, editorial, editorial-content, thought-provoking, research-oriented, and reviews of non-fiction literature, regional literature, literature from Persian-speaking communities, picture books, promotional programs, textbooks, theoretical resources, reprints, and the state of publishing. Additionally, it regularly addressed topics like reading culture, lectures, meetings, statements, notes, commemorations, and reports, along with a review of works related to children's and young adult literature.

Hospitalization is a vulnerable period for the elderly. During this period, they are at risk of falling. There are various clinical guidelines for fall prevention, whose usefulness depends on their quality and clinical acceptance. This study was to evaluate the methodological quality of selected clinical guidelines for fall prevention in hospitalized elderly people in Iran using the Appraisal of Guidelines, Research, and Evaluation (AGREE) checklist. 

A systematic search was conducted for clinical guidelines published from 2009 to 2020 using the keywords clinical guideline, falling, prevention, aged, and hospitalization. Of 351 clinical guidelines identified, 4 guidelines were selected based on the inclusion and exclusion criteria and by a purposive sampling method. The quality of the selected guidelines was evaluated by 5 experts independently using the AGREE II checklist. Based on the quality scores, the guidelines were categorized as “highly recommended” or “recommended with modifications”. 

The "Falls Assessment and Prevention of Falls in Older People", "Preventing Falls and Harm From Falls in Older People", and "Preventing Falls and Reducing Injury from Falls" were categorized as highly recommended, while the "Post Fall Multidisciplinary Management Guidelines for Western Australian Health Care Settings" was categorized as “recommended with modifications”. Therefore, they can be localized and used to reduce the risk of falls in hospitalized elderly people in Iran. The mean overall scores of 6 domains for the guidelines were as follows: 91. 1% for “clarity of presentation”, 86. 6% for “scope and purpose”, 83. 6% for “stakeholder involvement” 72. 08% for “editorial independence”, 71. 14% for “rigor of development”, and 66. 66% for “applicability”. 

Evaluation of the methodological quality of clinical guidelines using the AGREE tool should be done to be able to be used in clinical practice. It is recommended to use these tools in updating the current or future clinical guidelines to ensure their methodological quality.

Patients with diabetic foot ulcers are at the risk of limb amputation. One of the most common treatments to prevent limb amputation is the use of dressings or other appropriate treatments. This study was conducted to compare the effect of two methods of vacuum-assisted closure therapy and modern dressing on wound healing in patients with diabetic foot ulcers.

This descriptive cross-sectional study (n=140) was performed on patients with grade 2 and 3 diabetic foot ulcers referring to selected hospitals affiliated with the Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran, in 2019. The necessary data were collected using a two-part questionnaire of demographic characteristics and wound condition checklist distributed at the baseline and once a week up to 4 weeks. The Wagner ulcer classification system was used to measure the degree of the wound. Different types of new dressings, including foam, hydrocolloid, hydrogel, alginate, and hydrofilm, were used in the present study depending on the patientchr('39')s needs and wound conditions. In this study, vacuum therapy is performed by a vacuum device made in Iran. Finally, the changes in depth, discharge, shape, size, and degree of the wound were compared in the two groups. The collected data were analyzed in SPSS software (version 22) using descriptive and inferential statistics.

The results showed that the mean scores of changes in the area, discharge, depth, and degree of the wound were significant in the two groups after the intervention (P-value<0.05). It was also found that it was found that the vacuum-assisted closure therapy method was more effective in wound healing than the new dressing method.

The results indicated that both vacuum-assisted closure therapy and modern dressing methods were effective in healing diabetic foot ulcers. However, vacuum therapy-assisted closure therapy could accelerate and improve the healing process of diabetic foot ulcers, compared to the modern dressing method. Patients with diabetes, as a vulnerable group, need educational planning and counseling services regarding treatment and recovery. Since nurses are the main individuals who can provide the required services in the field of planning and caring for a patient with diabetes, they can play a key role in guiding the patient to choose the appropriate treatment for the type of wound at the onset of the treatment process.

Promoting self-management behaviors is one of the most important supportive measures for people with diabetes. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of home visit program on self-management behaviors and glycemic control indices in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus treated with insulin.

This clinical trial study was performed on 64 patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (32 patients in each case and control groups) in Shahid Asghar Shabani Center, Isfahan, Iran, in 2018. For the two groups of case and control, the demographic and self-management questionnaires were completed immediately, and three months after the intervention. The intervention was performed as a 4-6 session of the home visit program for the intervention group. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics and chi-square, independent t, and paired t tests via SPSS software.

Before the intervention, the mean score of self-management behaviors and blood glucose control indices did not differ significantly between the two groups. However, the mean score of self-management behaviors became significant immediately and three months later, and the mean blood glucose control indices became significant three months after the implementation of the program in the intervention group. (P < 0.001).

The home visit improve the patients' self-management behaviors scales, and fasting blood sugar and glycated hemoglobin (HbA1C) tests.

  Occupational exposure with polluted sharp equipment usually occurs during procedures such as transfusion of blood and blood products, blood sampling, disposal of needles, and collection of polluted sharp materials. Considering the fact that students have less work experience and lower practical skills, they are more vulnerable to work-related infections. The present study was conducted to determine and compare the awareness of nursing, midwifery, and surgical technology students about occupational exposure management. This descriptive-analytical cross-sectional study was conducted on 221 students of nursing, midwifery, and surgical technology selected using the stratified random sampling in 2016. Data gathering tool was a researcher-made questionnaire including the students' demographic characteristics and awareness about occupational exposure management. Data were analyzed by SPSS18 using descriptive and analytical statistical tests. Our findings showed that the mean scores of awareness about occupational exposure management were not significantly different among the nursing, midwifery, and surgical technology students (p value = 0.435). We observed that the students' age and educational level were significantly correlated with their scores of awareness about occupational exposure management (p value < 0.001). Results of the present study indicated poor awareness of the students about in-time management of occupational exposure. Measures such as educational workshops on preventive aspects in occupational exposure, observance of safety principles and comprehensive standards for accurate measurement of viral markers should be taken. Individual health profiles should be designed for each student to improve the occupational exposure management

Interest and motivation toward field of study is necessary for success in that field and educational environment is an effective factor on this interest.
The aim of present study was to assess Qazvin Dental School students’ interest in their field of study and its relationships with the educational environment.
In this cross-sectional descriptive trial, 92 students with the entering years of 2010-2013 were selected by the census sampling method in the Qazvin Dental School and assessed by questionnaire that validity and reliability confirmed in previous studies. Demographic data, interests toward field of study and factor of education environments were determined and reported by frequency and percent indices. Scores of 0–4 were assigned to answers of the participants. The effects of the parameters on the interest and education environments scores were analyzed by the regression analysis.
Findings: Among students, 56.4% were interested in their field of study. Also, 56.4% believed that most of the member of staff used new methods in their educational program. 86.1% of students considered their participation on the educational decision-makings regarding their own status less. The parameters of gender (P Totally Qazvin dental students were interested in their field of study and educational environment of the school had its own advantages in different areas. However, in some areas some revisions must be done.

Background and Unusual enlargement of nose and pharyngeal (nasopharynx) can disrupt the flow of air through the nose. The aim of this study was to investigate the cephalometric parameters in the upper airways.
A retrospective descriptive study was performed using the digital lateral cephalometric radiographs of 32 adults with class I (CL I) malocclusion and no history of night apnea. The radiographs were obtained from the archives in Qazvin Orthodontics Department of Dentistry School and private clinics. Coefficient of variations and Pearson correlation were calculated in SPSS.
There was positive Significant correlation (r= 0.761) between tongue length and tongue height, length of the soft palate, and maximum thickness of the soft palate but negative significant correlation was found between tongue length and hypo pharnzhyal air space (r= -0.422) (P= 0.01). There was positive significant correlation (r= 0.444) between tongue height and length of the soft palate and maximum thickness of the soft palate. Also, there was positive significant correlation between over pharyngeal air space and hypo pharyngeal air space and posterior air space (r= 0.551) (P= 0.014). There was positive significant correlation between hypo pharyngeal air space and posterior air space, vertical position of vallecula, and horizontal position of vallecula (P= 0.017). Posterior air space had a positive significant correlation with horizontal position of vallecula but had a negative significant correlation with length of the soft palate. There was positive significant correlation between length of the soft palate and maximum thickness of the soft palate, and vertical position of vallecula and horizontal position of vallecula.
There was no significant difference in cephalometric parameters of the upper air ways in adults in Qazvin with CL I malocclusion. Genetic and environmental effects are the most important factors in these cases.

Increasing the population growth and the number of health care facilities Lead to use of disposable medical equipment, so it caused increasing the medical waste production. Improper disposal of medical waste poses a serious threat to the environment and public health. Thus the aim of the present study was to determine awareness of the nurses about medical waste management.
Material & This is a descriptive - analytic study with participation of 268 nurses employed in hospitals affiliated to Isfahan University of Medical Sciences in 2014. Data collection performed using a researcher constructed questionnaire. Sampling method was simple nonrandom. Data analysis performed by descriptive and analytical statistical test and SPSS statistical software, version 14.
The study results showed that there were significant differences between the awareness of nurses and their position in the phase separation, packing and collecting and the waste transportation, also the head nurses had higher score. It was not significant in the maintenance, disinfecting, refining and elimination phases. Also, the awareness of nurses’ scores in separation, packing and collecting, maintenance disinfecting, refining and elimination phases were higher in the nurses who participated in the waste management in-service training courses in versus those that did not precipitate. There was no significant difference in the transportation phase.
Developing and implementation of continuing education and in service programs in the waste management encourage nurses to continuous learning to improve knowledge, attitude and skills it can help in proper waste disposal management. Establish waste disposal management workgroup in the health care centers could be an effective step in this regard.

Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a chronic disease of central nervous system, which affects economic, financial and emotional aspects in individuals, families and the society. The present study aimed to investigate the association between family caregivers’ quality of life and psychological capital of the patients with MS.
This is a descriptive analytical cross-sectional study, conducted on 95 MS patients and their caregivers (total of 190 subjects) referring to MS Clinic of Alzahra hospital in Isfahan, Iran, who were selected through convenient sampling. Data collection tool was including demographic characteristics, quality of life and psychological capital. After data collection, the obtained data were analyzed by descriptive and analytical statistical tests through SPSS software.
Findings: The results showed that caregivers’ mean score of quality of life was 52.7. Mean score of psychological wealth in domains of self-efficacy, hope, tolerance and optimism were 25.2, 19.5, 19.6 and 21.3, respectively. There was also a significant association between caregivers’ score of quality of life and MS patients’ score of psychological capital and its domains (P The present study showed an association between MS patients’ family caregivers’ quality of life and MS patients’ psychological capital and its four domains among these patients. Consideration of MS patients’ family caregivers’ quality of life and its association with patients’ psychological capital is of great importance to facilitate their recovery, care and administration of efficient interventions to help their survival and recovery.

Probiotics are beneficial organisms therapeutic within microbial flora. Shigella, Escherichia coli and Salmonella are the most common cause of intestinal infectious diseases that lead to morbidity and mortality in infant and children worldwide. The aim of this study was to evaluate anti-microbial activity of Lactobacillus acidophillus and Lactobacillus ruteri against entero-pathoges by in vitro and in vivo methods.
In this experimental study, the therapeutic effect of the lactobacillus acidophilus ATCC 4356 and ruteri ATCC 23272 against Shigella sonnei ATCC 9290, Escherichia coli ATCC 25922 and Salmonella enterica BAA-708 were evaluated by in vitro (spot agar) and in vivo (BALB/c mice) methods. Weight improvment and survival rate in mice were recorded.
Lactobacillus acidophillus and ruteri had protective and therapeutic effect against diarrhea caused by pathogenic bacteria. Probiotics reduced the weight, colonization of pathogens and increased the survival rate of animals (P Lactobacillus acidophillus and ruteri has anti-microbial activity and their consumption can be effective in the prevention and also the treatment of intestinal disease.

Health promoting behaviors are one of the determining criteria for health. Assessment of medical students’ health as a group who will be responsible for giving public-health-related services to people in early future is one of the most important tasks of universities. This study was conducted to determine and compare the health promoting behaviors among nursing, midwifery and operating room students in nursing and midwifery school of Isfahan University of Medical Sciences in 2014-2015. This descriptive-comparative study was conducted on 156 nursing, midwifery and operating room students, selected through cluster random sampling. Data collection instruments included a demographic characteristics checklist and “Health Promoting Behaviors Questionnaire” (HPLP II). Validity and reliability of the instrument were confirmed in previous studies. Data were analyzed SPSS/ 20. The mean score of health promoting behaviors in midwifery students was higher than nursing and operating room students (140.18±18.05). In addition, the higher mean score in nursing and midwifery was in domain of spiritual growth (26.33±5.06 and 27.86±5.25). In operating room students, this score was in the domain of interpersonal relationship (26.71±4.29). The mean scores of health promoting behaviors in domain of nutrition in nursing, midwifery and operating room courses were different with ANOVA test (P=0.005), while the overall mean scores of health promoting behaviors and their other domains in three courses were not significantly different. Despite the credibility score of health promoting behaviors of students in the three explored disciplines, the mean score of health promoting behaviors in domain of health responsibility, physical activity and stress management were low. Therefore, in order to change the behavior of students, it is worthwhile to offer educational and cultural- athletic programs in the faculties.

Assure universal bonding resin is marketed with fluoride releasing potential. The manufacturer claims that it provides adequate bond strength between the bracket and amalgam and porcelain. This study compared the shear bond strength of Transbond XT and Assure universal bonding resin to stainless steel brackets, amalgam and porcelain in vitro. In this in vitro study, 20 standard brackets of the maxillary central incisors, 20 feldspathic porcelain specimens and 20 self-cure acrylic cavities filled with amalgam were divided into 2 groups bonded with Transbond XT, and Assure. After surface preparation in each group, Transbond XT composite was applied to the surfaces using silicon tubes and light-cured for 20 seconds. Then, the microshear bond strength was determined using Zwick Roell machine. The data were subjected to two-way ANOVA, Tukey’s post hoc test, Student’s t-test and the Kruskal Wallis test. Different microshear bond strengths were obtained for the bond to stainless steel brackets, amalgam and porcelain by Transbond XT and Assure resin (p<0.000). Using Assure for bonding to amalgam (7.2±1.46 vs. 10.12±4.97) and brackets (16.14±3.2 vs. 20.16±5.12; p<0.05) decreased microshear bond strength. However, Assure significantly increased the bond strength to porcelain compared to Transbond XT (28.84±6.42 vs. 22.48±3.6; p<0.01). Non-parametric Kruskal-Wallis test showed significant differences in adhesive remnant index (ARI) between the two bonding agents only in the amalgam group (p=0.029). Although the bond strength values of Assure were less than those of Transbond XT, Assure was able to create sufficient bond strength especially to porcelain.

Among of all cancers in Iran, brest cancer is the most common type among Iranian women. Nausea and vomiting are known as the most common complication experienced by 70% of patients belong antiemetic medications. Usage of complementary therapies are prevalent in these patients but safety and its efficacy are not well known. This research purpose is investigation Efficacy of complementary therapies in reduction of chemotherapy induced nausea and vomiting in breast cancer patients. By selected Mesh words in EMBASE. MEDLINE, Cochran library on articles were written last 10 years ago(2003-2013) on RCT(Experimental/ quasi experimental). Articles were examined and analyzed by check list. Validity and reliability of check list was checked and verified. 5 articles from 1149 total articles, were approved by check list. 4 articles were examined effect of acustimulation/acupressure and one effect of massage. Average age of patients in articles were 50/57. Effect of acupressure and acustimulation were contradictory in acute phase but they were not effective in delayed phae(nausea and vomiting). Massage were effective in acute nausea and vomiting. Anticipatory nausea were not attented. Placebo group only was used in one research. Regards of contradictory results, extensive and more divert RCT research with high level methodology(placebo group usage/ greater sample size, random alocation) is proposed.

Despite the progress in the diagnosis and treatment of diabetes, metabolic control in diabetic patients is still insufficient. Poor metabolic control may be due to failure in diabetes self-care by patients and inadequate intervention strategies by health care providers. Barriers to self-care training contribute to inefficient self-management by diabetic patients. In fact, an understanding of these barriers can promote self-care in patients. Therefore, the current study aimed to determine barriers to self-care training in diabetic patients from the viewpoints of nurses and patients. This descriptive, cross-sectional study was conducted in 5 hospitals affiliated to Iran University of Medical Sciences in Tehran, Iran. Overall, 48 diabetic patients and 42 nurses working at the departments of endocrinology and diabetes clinics were selected via convenience sampling. The subjects completed the researcher-made questionnaires, and the collected data were analyzed by SPSS version 15 and descriptive statistical tests. The results showed that environmental (mean=15.85) and management (mean=10.16) barriers were the most important factors from the viewpoints of nurses and patients, respectively. Also, the findings showed that insufficient access of nurses to updated scientific sources related to diabetes (e.g., books, journals, and articles) at the department of endocrinology, lack of a diabetes training center at the hospital, nursing shortage (for answering patients’ questions), nurses’ work overload, and insufficient time for providing information were the most important barriers from the patients’ perspective. As the results indicated, health care authorities and administrators at nursing faculties should update the available scientific sources, hold training courses for nurses, and specialize nurses in diabetes self-care in order to provide self-care training for diabetic patients and overcome barriers to diabetes self-care.

Assure universal bonding resin is a modified cement with fluoride releasing property. It is claimed to provide adequate bond strength between the bracket and enamel in wet conditions; although more studies are required in this regard. This study compared the shear bond strength of Transbond XT and Assure universal bonding resin to dry and saliva-contaminated enamel in vitro. In this in vitro study, 60 extracted human premolars were selected and stainless steel brackets were bonded to enamel surfaces. Bonding of brackets to enamel surfaces was done using Assure universal bonding resin (dry condition), Transbond XT (dry condition) and Assure (saliva-contaminated condition). The shear bond strength of brackets to the enamel was determined by Zwick/Roell machine in three groups. Data were analyzed using one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA), and the Kruskal Wallis test. The mean shear bond strength of brackets to enamel surfaces bonded with Assure (dry condition), Transbond XT and Assure (saliva-contaminated condition) was 14.18±4.78 MPa, 16.13±5.49 MPa and 13.32±4.74 MPa, respectively (with no significant differences). Non-parametric Kruskal-Wallis test found no significant differences regarding the adhesive remnant index (ARI).(P=0.053).. Bonding of stainless steel brackets to enamel surfaces with Assure universal bonding resin provided adequate bond strength in dry and saliva-contaminated conditions. Thus, it may be used for bonding of orthodontic brackets to the enamel surfaces in the clinical setting.

Imam Ali (as) as the true successor of Prophet Muhammad (pbuh) took the leadership of the Islamic community after 25 years and as an Imam had to be obeyed. But he faced many disobediences. This research studies the behaviour of people in the era of Imam Ali (as) toward him by exploring historical events and tries to find the relation between worldliness and their disobedience of their Imam. Finally, to conclude that worldliness is the root of many disobediences of Imam and a major obstacle to gain his lofty goals in the government.