مریم عشوری

The Quality of Working Life (QWL) is one of the most influence organizational factor and taxi is the most common public transport system in small cities. The present study aimed to evaluating the QWL and its associated factors among urban taxi drivers.

This descriptive analytical study done with participating 176 urban taxi drivers working in one of the southern cities of West Azerbaijan province. Using census method individuals including in the study considering the inclusion criteria and answered a two-part questionnaire consisting of demographic characteristics and Walton’s QWL questions. Finally, data were analyzed using SPSS 24 software at a significant level of 0.05. 

QWL evaluating showed that 18 drivers were at low level, 151 drivers were at moderate level and 7 drivers were at high level. Week and positive correlations were observed between QWL and both age and work experience. Some individual characteristics were found to be significantly associated with some aspects of QWL; while, the mean score of QWL was not significantly associated with individual characteristics such as education level, marital status, and body mass index.

The status of QWL was low and moderate in most drivers. In general, the mean score of QWL was not associated with individual characteristics such as educational level, marital status, and body mass index. More comprehensive studies are needed in this regard.

The main goal of the current research is to analyze the foundations, goals, principles and methods of rational education from the perspective of Martyr Motahari for the formal education system. The method used in this article is a qualitative method written in a descriptive and inferential analytical way. The society of analysis is a collection of his books, descriptions and articles. The findings indicate that he has defined and explained the goal of rational education in the sense of creating the necessary grounds for the cultivation of the intellectual faculty, in order to achieve and reach the status of a complete human being, and addressing and paying attention to this educational dimension is one of the requirements of all systems, especially The formal education system has taken into account, because the great mission of this system is to cultivate critical thinking, conscious thinking and correct judgment.The most important principles of intellectual education from the point of view of this famous philosopher are: "Practical reason is affected by the states of the soul", "Thinking and learning are the basic elements of the education of reason", "The difference in human minds is essential", "All the laws of reason are with human nature. is coordinated" and Then the principles of rational education were mentioned (the principle of training practical reason through self-cultivation, the principle of rationality, the principle of the necessity of learning science, the principle of believing in the naturalness of differences in intellect in humans, the principle of aligning education and training with human nature, etc.). Finally, the methods and solutions of rational education were discussed, and some of these solutions are the method of cultivation, the method of getting used to thinking and rationalizing, the method of education based on individual differences, and the method of modeling and being a role model

The purpose of the present study is to review the components of erotic capital based on Islamic education and explain some strategies to direct this capital towards desirable sexual education in women. For this purpose, Syden made a comparative comparison between the components of sexual capital in the West and Islam. Then, suggestions and solutions were provided to guide this capital in order to provide desirable sexual education for women and girls. The present study, which has been written in a descriptive-analytical manner, is considered as a theoretical research in terms of nature and fundamental research in terms of purpose..The findings indicated that erotic capital theory is a fully instrumental concept of production and production in the Western world This theory, although it has shown the way women enter the competition, trade and pleasure fields, poses a number of obstacles and challenges for women that, based on Islamic teachings, can be the most critical criticism of promoting social corruption, family crises, and Alienation is being criticized. This research has also outlined strategies and measures to guide erotic capital toward desirable sexual education and has demonstrated it in preventing women from exercising and playing with body language, communication management, proper coverage, and so on. Accordingly, the purpose of the present study is in the field of applied research, which has been carried out with qualitative and descriptive approach including documentary and critical analysis, and all findings indicate the importance and concentration of this capital in the family system and nurture. It is aimed at moderating sex and strengthening the family.

 Nowadays, most industries in Iran constitute a large proportion of workerschr('39') activities in Manual Material Handling. Musculoskeletal disorders are areas of erosive and inflammatory conditions that occur in the form of pain and discomfort in the muscles, tendons, ligaments, joints, peripheral nerves, blood vessels. Working hours, absenteeism, increasing work restrictions, job changes and disability and impose many economic consequences on the individual, organization, and society.

 The present study was conducted to review the studies of Manual Material Handling by different methods in Iran from 2010 to 2020. The general process of the present study included searching for articles invalid national and international databases. After selecting the articles, the necessary information was extracted and analyzed. In general, based on the inclusion criteria, only studies that used NIOSH, KIM, SNOOK, 3DSSPP, WISHA, UTAH, MAC, ART, and manual handling regulations in Iran, were reviewed.

 15 English articles and 50 Persian articles were found, of which 44 articles were deleted based on the exclusion criteria, and 21 articles were selected for this study and entered into the final analysis.

 The highest number of studies was conducted in Hamedan, Tehran, Mallard, Shiraz, and Qazvin, respectively NIOSH, KIM and 3DSSPP were the three methods used with the highest number of studies in the field of Manual Material Handling in industry. Most workplace studies were conducted in the casting, food industry, tile industry, and hospital.

One of the main pillars of cultivating moral virtues and spiritual evolution is self-knowledge, and the man will not achieve any of spiritual stages, unless this difficult phase passes; that's why the famous thinkers such as Iqbal Lahoori, has carefully and thoroughly examined this issue. Explaining the ways of achieving self-awareness and self-education in the human being is the purpose of this research. Using a descriptive-analytical method, this paper studies the Iqbal philosophy of self. A philosophy based on the freedom of the soul from the humanistic constraints, and freedom from the domination of the world arrogance. The realization of this depends on factors such as servitude, love, freedom, and so on. The educational solutions, based on Iqbal's philosophy of self, are explained in this paper. Following these measures and acting on them will ensure the health of the individual and the community.

Death is a grievous and unpleasant incident and it is distasteful for most children. Utilizing correct strategies to teach the concept of Death to the children guarantees individual and social health. These strategies must be based on thoughtfulness and according to the foundations of Islamic philosophy and appropriate for their ages. Using a descriptive-analytic approach the current study aims at presenting effective ways to teach the concept of Death to the children based on Quran and religious beliefs. The findings show that firstly; the teaching of the concept of Death must be based on evading redundancy about the concepts relating to death, and secondly; the teacher must use methods such as analogy and observing the life cycle in nature.

Blood vengeance and reviewing its components is a controversial topic in domestic and foreign circles. Diversity of viewpoints and multiplicity of approaches to this issue have led to differing views and opinions in this regard. Using descriptive-analytical method and referring to the Quran and religious sources, the present paper seeks to explain the importance, status and need for blood vengeance in Islam. The results indicate that blood vengeance in Islam is an intellectual, moral and social practice and its philosophy or foundation is based on the establishment of individual and social justice. Presenting some educational principles (justice, honor, etc.) and educational methods (proportion between crime and punishment, concealing defects, etc.), this study deals with the necessity of blood vengeance in Islam.

One of the most important factors which is influential in education is developing and strengthening the power of intellect, because intellect has an important role in moderating and controlling animated inclinations and calling to good acts and commitment to noble dispositions. Using a descriptive-analytical method, the present paper seeks to investigate the factors and obstacles of intellectual cultivation based on martyr Motahhari's views, and elaborate on intellectual cultivation in the field of Islamic education. The research findings indicate that obstacles of cultivation of intellect, in martyr Motahhari's view, can be attributed to moral and affective causes (for example, following appetitive soul, intimidation, etc), cultural, social and political causes (for example, culture and compulsion governing the society, following social habits, etc) and physical causes (for example improper use of senses, use of beverages and drugs).

Feiz Kashani is one of the great muslim scholars and philosophers from century 11. All of his works based on cognition and divine proximity and the desirable fact from his viewpoint is possible only through piety, worship and renunciation from worldly objects. He regard as practical training along with theoretical training of religion, foundamental condition of attaining to divine cognition; Furthermore, by rejection of other types of cognition, such as knowledge that philosophers obtained by means of rational reasoning, he as a muslim philosopher, confirm his faithfulness and loyalty. In his belief, a muslim person always has to assess his self and for attaining to highest cognition constantly must to audit his self that thereby his carnal weaknesses to be revealed and eliminating of immorality be facilitated. The author in the descriptive and analytic way and on the basis of moral and educational books of Feiz specially Al-Haqayeq, Al-Mahajja-Al-Bayzza’, and explanation of Zad-Al-Salek essay, has related the means of self-attaining to highest level. In his opinion, treading a path is possible in different ways: individual strenuous efforts in self-education, companionship with intellects, and following the example of the wicked. In this research, have been attempted to be deal with the principles and educational methods derived from self-chastisement ways. Some of the obtained principles and ways as followed: revival of temperamental covenant (practical training), good-thinking (cultivating the spirit of positive orientation).

According to Imam Ali’s viewpoint, existence of innate intellect or desirable intellect in the process of teaching and training is among the requirements of cognition and learning, and, formation of human deeds, teaching and training without theses two would not be possible. Paying attention to discrepancy among persons due to having different natures, and existence of innate intellect among them has made individual training inevitable in all training periods and processes in line with securing students’ values and individuality. On this basis, achieving and training acceptable intellect or acquired intellect among human beings would be possible in various forms such as experience, knowledge, etc. Therefore, based on Imam Ali’s viewpoint, the type of training in which students are either classified individually or in homogeneous groups and provides the opportunity to get experience and think about various subjects, is among the most effective training approaches. The author of the present article has reviewed the importance of intellect in training and teaching in a descriptive - analytical approach based on Imam Ali’s remarks.