مریم معتمدی

Tricine, as a flavonoid compound in many food sources, has anti-inflammatory and anti-proliferative effects in some cancer cell lines. Considering the importance of using natural anti-cancer drugs in therapy-resistant cancers such as prostate cancer, the aim of this study is to investigate the effect of tricine on cell growth and proliferation and induction of apoptosis in PC3 human prostate cancer cell line.
In this experimental study, the PC3 cell line was prepared and cultured from the Pasteur Institute of Iran. Extraction and purification of tricine were done by column chromatography and recrystallization of Allium atroviolaceum extract. The apoptotic effect of tricine at concentrations of 60, 80, 100, 120 and 140 μM was evaluated by MTT method. The apoptotic effect was evaluated in the cell group treated with IC50 concentration of tricine and untreated cells (control group) using Annexin-V kit and flow cytometry.
FINDINGS: The viability of cells at different tricine concentrations were 85.66±1.52, 76±3.60, 66.33±4.16, 44±3.60, and 36.66±3.21, respectively (p The results of this study showed that tricine resulted in cell death in the PC3 cell line, but the cell death mechanism was not apoptotic.

In recent years, it has been proved that microRNAs are involved in regulating gene expression, tumorigenic and metastasis and, the use of circulating miRNAs, due to its high stability, correlation with diseases states and easy to measure with high sensitivity have attracted as a new class of cancer biomarkers. Previous studies have shown that miR-451 and miR-21 are potential biomarkers with high sensitivity, specificity and are enable to detect types of cancers. The role of these two miRNAs in tumorigenic and metastasis of cancers has also been identified. The present study examines the expression pattern of miR-451 and miR-21 in relation to the clinicopathologic status.
Material and Plasma samples were collected from 47 women with breast cancer and 24 healthy women. Clinicopathologic information was provided from the hospital records. The changes in expression of miR-451 and miR-21 in patients were evaluated using the qRT-PCR method. Data analysis was done using SPSS software.
The changes in expression of miR-451 and miR-21 in the plasma of breast cancer patients were correlated with the status of lymph node metastases, decreased 0.38 times and increased 1.73 times respectively (P = 0.046 and P =0.037, respectively).
The expression of miR-451 and miR-21 in plasma of patients with breast cancer was associated with lymph node metastases. It may be possible to use these microRNAs as prognostic biomarkers, increasing the recognition of the molecular pathways involved and to distinguish the clinicopathology of this cancer in order to define new targeted therapies.

The aim of this study was to evaluate the correlation between malampathy score, upper lip bite test and 3-3-2 maneuver with anthropometric factors of body in people.
This cross-sectional study was carried out during 2014-2015 in Yazd, Iran. Samples were selected from the whole population using simple randomization and were included in the study after giving informed consent. Baseline and demographic data including age, sex, and anthropometric factors of their body such as weight, height, neck circumference, waist circumference, hip circumference, body mass index (BMI), and waist to hip ratio were gathered in a pre-designed checklist. Then malampathy score, upper lip bite score, and 3-3-2 maneuver were evaluated and recorded by the researcher.
498 people with the mean age of 42.1 ± 16.1 were studied (51% female). In total, 168 (69%) of the studied men and 182 (72%) of the studied women had a BMI higher than 25. 74 (39%) of the men had a waist to hip ratio over 0.93 and 152 (60%) of the women had a waist to hip ratio over 0.81. Results of the upper lip bite test was a score of 3 in 10 (2%) people, result of malampathy test was a score of 3 or 4 in 152 (31%) participants and result of 3-3-2 maneuver showed an abnormal condition in 20 (4%), which indicate the probability of difficult intubation. With an increase in age, based on all 3 methods, the probability of difficult intratracheal intubation rises (p 0.05). There was a significant correlation between malampathy score and upper lip biting with all anthropometric factors of the body. 3-3-2 rule also significantly correlated with weight, height, waist circumference, hip circumference, and BMI, but not with neck circumference (p = 0.328) or waist to hip ratio (p = 0.121).
It seems that with an increase in age, based on all 3 methods, the probability of difficult intratracheal intubation rises. However, none of the 3 methods of intratracheal intubation difficulty evaluation have a significant correlation with sex. In addition, according to the results of the current study, a significant correlation exists between upper lip biting and malampathy score with all anthropometric factors of the body assessed in this study. Yet, 3-3-2 maneuver does not have a significant correlation with neck circumference or waist to hip ratio.

Spontaneous pneumomediastinum is a rare condition, which is usually benign and self-limiting. Its main presentation is sudden retrosternal pain that may occur following valsalva maneuver, vomiting, frequent cough, heavy exercise, marijuana inhalation, trauma, and intubation. Given the low prevalence and importance of paying attention to spontaneous pneumomediastinum in screening patients presented to the emergency department with acute chest pain, here we will introduce a 17-year-old patient with chief complaint of chest pain and final diagnosis of spontaneous pneumomediastinum.

After long discussions, carrying out health sector evolution (HSE) plan began on May 5, 2014 throughout Iran. Shohadaye Tajrish Hospital, Tehran, was also included in this plan. This study aimed to evaluate the level of emergency department patient satisfaction, before and after running this plan.
This cross-sectional study analyzed the data extracted from a standard questionnaire filled out by the patients presented to the emergency department of Shohadaye Tajrish Hospital over 6-month periods before and after the beginning of HSE.
3665 patients were surveyed. After the execution of the plan, satisfaction decreased significantly regarding pre-discharge training (p = 0.03), hospitalization room condition (p = 0.0002), restroom sanitation (p = 0.007), waiting time to be visited by the physician (p = 0.04), accuracy and duration of physical examination (p = 0.007), feeling confident and desirable outcome (p = 0.03), commitment to religious and moral principles (p = 0.01), and handling financial affairs (p = 0.03).
Based on the results of the present study, after execution of HSE plan, patient satisfaction has decreased significantly regarding pre-discharge training, hospitalization room condition, restroom sanitation, timely visit of the physicians, accuracy and duration of physical examination, suggestions for wellbeing of the patient, handling financial affairs, and commitment to religious and moral principles.

Triage is a priority classification system based on the severity of problem to do the best therapeutic proceedings for patients in the less time. A triage system should be performed in a way which can make a decision with high accuracy and in the least time for each patient. Simplicity and reliability of the performance are the most important features of a standard triage system. An appropriate triage causes to increase the quality of health c are services and patients’ satisfaction rate, decrease the waiting time as well as mortality rate, and increase the yield and efficiency of emergency wards along with reducing the related expenses. Considering to the above statements, in the present study the history of triage formation was evaluated and categorizing of all triage systems regarding prehospital and hospital as well as triage in normal and critical conditions were assessed, too.

The importance of evaluating performance indicators in the emergency department, as one of the most important departments of hospital, is obvious to everyone. Therefore, in this study we aimed to appraise the five performance indicators, approved by the ministry of health, in Shohadaye Tajrish hospital, Tehran, Iran.
In a descriptive cross - sectional study based on the profiles of all the patients admitt ed to the emergency department, performance indicators in the emergency department were evaluated. The study was divided into 2 parts about the establishment of emergency medicine system and training the medical staff: the first 6 months of 1392 and the second. Then these 2 periods were compared using Mann - Whitney U test while P Of the studied indicators, mean triage time was 6.04 minutes in the first 6 months which was reduced to 1.5 minutes in the second 6 months (p=0.016). In addition, the percentage of patients who moved out of the department in 12 hours was lowered from 97.3% in the first period to 90.4% in the second (p=0.004). While, the percentage of patients who were decided upon in 6 hou rs (p=0.2), unsuccessful CPR percentage (p=0.34) and patients discharged against medical advice (p=0.42) showed no significant difference.
The results of this study showed that the establishment of the emergency medicine system in the emergency department could lead to more efficient triage. Due to the differences made after their establishment including: different pattern of the patients admitted, increased stay of the patients in the department due to their need for prolonged intensive care, a raise in patient referral to the hospital by pre - hospital services and a higher percentage of occupied hospital beds, other indicators have not shown a significant improvement.

Job satisfaction and its effective factors is an important issue in prodctivity improvement. The main purpose of this study is evaluation of Job satisfaction and its effective factors in three teaching hospitals of Shahid Beheshti University of medical sciences. In this cross sectional study، 100 nurses in three general hospitals were questioned ragarding Brayfield-Rothe job satiafactin questionare. Finnaly demographic and professional data as well as responses to questionair were analysed according to level of satisfaction and its effective factors. Ninty nurses were answerd to questionair (78. 9% female). The mean age of respondents was 28. 8 ± 4. 9 years. The mean level of job satisfaction was 54. 6 ± 12. 1 based on Brayfield-Rothe criterias. There is a direct relationship between job satisfaction and monthly income. 64% of emergency nurses had job satisfaction based on Brayfield-Rothe criterias. It seems that income satisfaction in compare with other effective factors play a significant role in job satisfaction

Myofascial trigger point is a tender point within a palpable taut band of skeletal muscle, with or without referred pain. The purpose of this study is to compare maximal isometric strength of upper, middle and lower trapezius muscles in healthy individuals with cases of myofascial trigger point syndromes. In a case-control study, 15 myofascial trigger points-syndrome patients (mean age of 22.53 years) and 15 healthy persons (mean age of 22.46 years) were compared. Muscle strength of upper, middle and lower trapezius was measured with a digital myometer. The persons with latent trigger points demonstrated a significantly lower isometric strength in upper trapezius muscles (p<0.05) compared to healthy individuals. There wasn’t significant difference in middle and lower trapezius strength between the two groups (p>0.05). Latent myofascial trigger points are pain free neuromuscular lesions that are associated with decreased muscular contractile efficiency.