فهرست مطالب مسلم قبادیان

This research aimed to construct and validate the High Schools Classroom Management (HSCMQ). In this descriptive-survey study, among the high school teachers in Lorestan in the academic year 2020-2021, a sample of 351 people was selected by multi-stage random sampling method (stratified) and answered the researcher-made questionnaire of high school classroom management. The reliability of the questionnaire was determined by Cronbach's alpha, Spearman-Brown Split-half, and Guttman methods and its validity and factor structure were determined by construct validity and concurrent validity methods. Exploratory factor analysis showed that the 60-item high school classroom management questionnaire has 3 basic components of general, specialized, and organizational characteristics of teachers. The results of confirmatory factor analysis showed that the model of high school classroom management has good fitness and its 3-factor structure was confirmed (CFI=0.99, GFI=0.97, and RMSEA=0.055). The concurrent validity of this questionnaire was also confirmed by correlating its items with the items of the Virtual Classroom Purposeful Management Questionnaire (Sheivandi Choliche et al., 2022) and the Scale Transformative Classroom Management in Elementary Schools (Moghtadaie, 2021) (p<0.05). Cronbach's alpha coefficients, Spearman-Brown Split-half and Guttman correlation for the whole questionnaire were 0.82, 0.77, and 0.74, respectively. Therefore, the High Schools Classroom Management (HSCMQ) offers a valid and reliable measure of classroom management for high school teachers.

Various attempts have been made to classify dysfunctional personality traits. Among these, the classification of dark three traits has attracted much attention over the past decade in the areas of social psychology and personality. The aim of this study was to evaluate the validity and reliability of comparing the Dark Tetrad Personality in a group of students aged 13 to 18 years. The research was conducted in the form of a correlational research project. The statistical population consists of all students aged 13 to 18 years in Khorramabad city in the academic year of 2019-2020. The research sample was 300 students (150 girls and 150 boys) of Khorramabad city who were selected by multi-stage cluster sampling method. Exploratory and confirmatory factor analysis were used to analyze the data using SPSS-26 and AMOS-21 software. The results showed that there was a positive and significant relationship between the components of the Dark Tetrad Personality and the Dark Tetrad of Jones and Webster (P≥0.001). The results of the exploratory factor analysis identified three factors that together explain 40.72% of the dark triple variance of personality. The results of the confirmatory factor analysis confirmed 24 items in three factors. Cronbach's alpha was 0.79 for the whole Dark Tetrad Personality questionnaire and 0.803 for the Machiavellian subscales, 0.78 for narcissism, and 0.68 for psychopathy. The Dark Tetrad Personality scale of personality has desirable psychometric properties in the Iranian student community.

The present study was conducted with the aim of investigating the effect of philosophy education for children on the academic excitement and academic vitality of sixth grade male students. The method of this research was semi-experimental with a pre-test-post-test design with a control group. The statistical population of this research was formed by all the male students of the sixth grade of elementary school in the first district of Khorramabad city in the academic year of 2021-2022. Among the statistical population, 32 students were selected by staged cluster sampling method, and then they were randomly assigned in the form of two experimental (16 people) and control (16 people) groups. In order to collect research data, Pakran, Goetz and Perry's academic excitement questionnaire (2005), Hossein Chari and Dehghanizadeh's academic vitality scale (2019) and philosophy education for children were used. Philosophy education for children was provided for 12 sessions of 60 minutes for the experimental group. Multivariate covariance analysis was used for the statistical analysis of the data. The results showed that teaching philosophy for children is effective in improving positive academic emotions, reducing negative emotions and increasing students' academic vitality (P<0.01). According to the results of this research, it is suggested to present the educational approach of philosophy for children to students in order to improve positive emotions, reduce negative emotions and increase academic vitality.

The purpose of this research was to design, construct and examine the psychometric characteristics of the culture of sacrifice and martyrdom questionnaire based on the statements of the Supreme Leader. The research was conducted in the form of a correlational research project. The statistical population of this research consists of all students of Farhangian University of Lorestan province in the academic year of 1400. The research sample in the first study was 350 exploratory factor analysis and in the second study was confirmatory factor analysis 400 students of Farhangian University who were selected by random sampling. Exploratory and confirmatory factor analysis was used for data analysis, using SPSS-26 and AMOS-24 software. The results of the exploratory factor analysis identified thirteen factors, which in total explain 67.21% of the variance of the culture of sacrifice and martyrdom. The results of the confirmatory factor analysis confirmed 110 items in thirteen factors (four sacrifice factors and nine martyrdom factors). Cronbach's alpha for the whole questionnaire of the culture of sacrifice and martyrdom is 0.98 and for guardianship 0.90, God-centeredness 0.80, endurance and stability 0.91, biological struggle 0.82, enjoining good and forbidding evil 0.85, prayer and self-improvement 0.89, national identity and acculturation 0.87, self-esteem/anti-cruelty 0.94, knowledge and awareness 0.83, respect for others 0.86, seeking justice 0.86, not belonging to the world 90. 0 and creativity and innovation were obtained as 0.87. It can be said that the culture of sacrifice and martyrdom questionnaire has the necessary validity and reliability in the student population and it can be used as a suitable research tool.

This study aims to explain the relationships based on technology in post-phenomenology and its consequences for education. Analytical and inferential methods have been used to achieve this goal. Post-phenomenology is one of the new philosophical approaches in the field of technology. This approach has been developed on the one hand with a critical discourse of classical phenomenology and on the other hand with research in the empirical field of science and technology studies. Phenomenology does not look at technologies as merely functional and instrumental objects, but as intermediaries between human experiences and their activities, and deals with specific technologies and their existential and epistemological differences in the biological world. Post-phenomenology in the application of educational technology can also change the type of technology question and pay attention to the type and manner of educational technology involvement in presenting reality to learners and the extent to which their perceptions of reality change. Embodiment, Hermeneutic, Alterity, Background, fusion, immersion, and augmentation are of technology-based relationships that can have important consequences for education such as; Paying attention to the aspects of increasing and decreasing technology, emphasizing the description and interpretation of ratios, not neglecting the impact of the macro level, being careful in new ratios and out of description.

The purpose of this research was to investigate the position of ethical propositions in the curriculum studies research.

The research method was qualitative (descriptive); And the statistical population included all articles published in the Iranian Science Publications Database (SID, Magiran, Noormags). The 31 of the articles in between the years 2006-2017 were selected by census method, and were evaluated based on selected criteria (dimensions of goals, questions and outcomes). Ethical Considerations: In compiling this research, ethical aspects including preserving the originality of the texts, honesty and fidelity have been respected

The findings showed that 87.5% of the articles were scientific-research and 11.5% of them were scientifically-promotional; period of publication of articles had irregular dispersion, and the highest number of articles was in the years 2010-2013 (with a frequency of 22); 35/48% of the research was done by men, 12.90% by women and 62.51% by men among men and women.

the universities of medical sciences had the largest share in the publication of articles with 66.66%. Research aimed at the ethical position in various curriculum elements Such as teaching, content and evaluation.

Due to the importance of the status and position of the teacher and the challenges that exist in honoring the dignity of the teacher, the present study reviewed the articles in order to find an answer to the question of what is the status and social base of teachers at the national and global level? The research methodology is a literature review. which reviewed the articles published between 2001-2022 from reliable information databases after removing duplicates (including over 1300 articles), and evaluating the input criteria and checking the quality of the remaining articles (35). The results showed that three dimensions of respect and influence, income and wealth, value and importance were defined for honoring the position of a teacher, and the dimension of income had more influence in the polls.Key words: honoring the position of teacher, teacehr, systematic review, teacher social status Since there is a relationship between the professional skills of teachers and their social status, most researchers have investigated the relationship of variables while measuring the views, and as a result, the factors affecting social status have shown the greatest influence in such a way that understanding The lives of teachers have also been affected by these factors. Therefore, some countries have prepared various programs to strengthen the respect of teachers and are interested in reviewing and evaluating them. The current status of honoring the position of teacher at the national level has greatly reduced the desire to work and belong to the profession, and in addition to the emergence of lack of motivation, the desire to leave this profession and the feeling of regret for choosing it, but at the global level, it has strengthened the processes of Their implementation and revision have paid tribute to the position of teacher.

The aim of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of group positive thinking training on reducing the impulsivity and bullying of male students with behavioral disorders.

The method of this research was quasi-experimental design with a pretest-posttest and a control group. The statistical population included all male students aged 12-15 years with behavioral disorders in Khorramabad City who were studying in the first year of high school in the academic year 2021-2022. Among the statistical population, 30 students with behavioral disorders were selected by multi-stage cluster sampling and randomly assigned into experimental and control groups (15 people in each group). Barat Impulsivity Questionnaire, Illinois Bullying Scale, and Rotter Behavioral Disorders Questionnaire (Teacher Scale) were used to collect the required data. Positive thinking training was provided to the experimental group in 10 sessions of 75 minutes. The collected data were analyzed using univariate and multivariate analysis of covariance.

The results showed that positive thinking training was effective in reducing the impulsivity and bullying of students with behavioral disorders (p<0.05).

According to the research results, it is suggested that a positive thinking educational approach be used to reduce the impulsive and bullying behaviors of students with behavioral disorders.

The purpose of this study is to investigate the level of knowledge or beginner knowledge of Article 28 and new teachers of Farhangian University about dictation disorders in order to provide a favorable model to improve their awareness of dictation disorders. The present research is applied in terms of purpose and in a mixed method. The quantitative part of the research community includes 312 new teachers and Article 28 graduates who graduated in the academic year of 2021/2020in the campus of Shahid Maghsoudi in Hamadan. According to Morgan's table, a sample size of 170 people (85 teacher students, 85 Article 28 trainees) was determined for each of the random methods. The measurement tool in this study includes a researcher-made questionnaire derived from a variety of writing disorders that was assessed by 5 Likert options Its validity was confirmed by educational science experts and the reliability coefficient of the questionnaire was estimated to be 0.84 through Cronbach's alpha. Pearson t-test and correlation were used for analysis. Why research was conducted in both groups (6 new teachers and 6 trainees). Findings showed that new teachers are more aware of Article 28 students and it is suggested that special units be provided for dictation disorders in the curriculum. Finally, an 8-step model for awareness was drawn

Adolescence is a critical developmental period that, given the amount and severity of associated changes (e.g., biological and psychological), may automatically set the stage for an individual's delinquency. This research was carried out with the aim of investigating the role of the dimensions of nature and behavior in predicting delinquency in children and adolescents.

This research is a survey and correlation study. The research samples include 400 male high school students in Khorram Abad city, who were randomly selected in a multi-stage manner. Cloninger's (1994) Personality Dimensions Questionnaire, and the Juvenile and Youth Delinquency Questionnaire (2015) were used to collect data. In order to analyze the data, Pearson correlation and Multiple Regression were used. Data were analyzed using SPSS software version 26.

The results of the correlation coefficient showed that there is a relationship between the dimensions of nature and behavior with juvenile delinquency (P≥0.001). According to the results of regression analysis, novelty, harm avoidance and self-improvement were significantly predictors of students' positive attitude towards delinquency (P≥0.05).

Personality characteristics can be considered as a risk factor for teenagers' tendency to delinquency. The necessity of further studies in order to investigate the action of personality, family, social and cultural factors in the emergence of delinquent behaviors was discussed for the systematic etiology of delinquency in order to design effective preventive and therapeutic interventions.

Venerating the status of teachers is a clear sign of the progress of any society and the rational quality of investment and budget allocation. The purpose of this study is to design a model to explain the position and dignity of the teacher. This research study was conducted with a qualitative approach. It has benefited from grounded theory strategy within the constructivist paradigm. The data were collected through in-depth semi-structured interviews with 16 people from among principals, professors, and experienced education experts in the city of Khorramabad who were selected using the snowball sampling technique. The process continued until theoretical saturation was reached. Data analysis was done using the constant comparison method during three stages of open, axial and selective coding in MAXQDA software. The validity of the research was confirmed by the interviewees and the expert professors. To measure the reliability, the test-retest method was utilized (r= 79%). Finally, the paradigm model was explained. Findings showed that veneration of teachers in Khorramabad can be classified into five categories: causal conditions, contextual factors, strategies, intervening factors, national and international interactions, and consequences.

Today, inclusive education is one of the most prominent and controversial issues facing policymakers and education professionals around the world, with many proponents and opponents. The aim of this study was to identify the factors affecting the success of inclusive education programs.

In order to conduct in-depth research and identify the factors and indicators affecting the inclusion of students, a qualitative approach and grounded theory method were used. In this regard, using a purposeful method and applying theoretical saturation criteria, an attempt was made to use the semi-structured in-depth interview technique to examine the perception and experience of 15 teachers, experts and experts in inclusive education as a criterion-based in-depth study. Qualitative research tools were in-depth exploratory semi-structured interviews. For data analysis, in the qualitative part, the initial, open and axial coding method was used.

After conducting interviews and in-depth data analysis, 284 indicators, 14 categories and 7 main categories, including "personality traits" a. Teacher personality traits and b. Students' personality traits, "teacher specialization and professional competence" two categories a. Professional development of teachers and b. Strengthen team and group skills, "planning and standardization" a. Structural culture and b. Functional planning of "space and educational facilities" a. School structure and b. Class structure, "Positive and negative psychological effects of pervasiveness" a. Benefits and b. Disadvantages of pervasiveness, "family factors" a. Low level of quality of life and b. Improper family functioning and "community factors" a. Environmental stressors and b. Peer groups were identified.

According to the results of this qualitative research and identifying the effective factors in the inclusion of primary school students, comprehensive programs can be developed for the greater effectiveness of inclusive schools.

The last two decades have seen an increase in the number of studies examining resilience to suicide, and a large number of studies have now been published on the subject. The aim of this study was to construct a structural model of Structural pattern of psychological hardiness, religious beliefs with resilience to suicide: The mediating role of positive dimensions of self-compassion. The research method is descriptive-correlation modeling of structural equations. The statistical population of this study consists of all high school students in nourabad (Delfan) in the academic year (2020 s.c.). The research sample was 350 high school students in nourabad Delfan city who were selected by cluster sampling method and used the psychological hardiness questionnaires of Maddi et al. (1982), religious beliefs developed, resistance to Osman's suicide et al (2004) and the positive dimensions of compassion responded to Reese et al (2011) online. Structural equation modeling and AMOS edition 22 and SPSS 26 were used to evaluate the proposed model. The results of the correlation coefficient showed that there was a positive and significant relationship between the dimensions of religious beliefs, psychological hardiness with positive dimensions of self-compassion and resilience to suicide (P≥0.001). The findings indicated that the proposed model fit well with the data. The results of structural equation modeling showed that 62% of the variance of positive dimensions of self-compassion is explained by religious beliefs, psychological hardiness and 69% of the variance of resilience against suicide is explained by religious beliefs, psychological hardiness and positive dimensions of compassion. Low levels of religious beliefs, psychological hardiness, and negative dimensions of self-compassion can be considered as an aggravating factor in suicide attempts that increase the severity of the relationship between risk and suicide attempt.

The aim of this study was to determine the factor structure and psychometric properties of the dropout risk questionnaire during the Covid-19 epidemic. The research was conducted in the form of a correlational research project. The statistical population of this study consists of all high school students in Lorestan province in the second semester of the academic year 1399-1400. The sample of this study was 400 high school students in Lorestan province who were selected by cluster sampling method and answered the questionnaire on dropout risk, learning self-direction, and academic procrastination (for divergent validity). For data analysis, confirmatory factor analysis, Cronbach's alpha coefficient, and Pearson correlation were used using SPSS-26 and AMOS-24 software. The results of confirmatory factor analysis showed that the questionnaire has ten saturated factors and has good fit indicators. In confirmatory factor analysis, out of 48 items of the questionnaire, 45 items were approved. Cronbach's alpha coefficient for each of the subscales of school life satisfaction was 0.86, smartphone dependence 0.83, interest in learning 0.89, school stress 0.82, attitude towards academic life 0.73, relationships with peers, 0.72, parental apathy 0.87, academic achievement anxiety 0.78, life satisfaction 0.87 and will to graduate 0.71 were found to be at an acceptable level. The Persian version of the student risk dropout questionnaire in the student community has acceptable psychometric properties and can be used as a valid tool in psychological research

The aim of the current research was to identify the components of professional competence and provide a model of professional competence of educational managers of the second secondary education in Lorestan province.  The research method is applied according to the purpose, mixed (qualitative-quantitative) according to the type of data, sequential exploratory, cross-sectional according to the time of data collection.   The statistical population of the qualitative part of the research was university professors, experts and experts in the field of educational management. To determine the samples of this research, a targeted non-random sampling method was used from 14 experts.  The statistical population of the quantitative part included all the educational managers of the second secondary school in Lorestan province, numbering 752 people. Using Morgan's sample size table, 254 people were selected as subjects.  The research tool is a 58-item questionnaire.  The validity of the quantitative tool was confirmed through construct validity, and its reliability was found in the range of 0.72 to 0.93 by calculating Cronbach's alpha.  The results of the research showed that the most important component of professional competence among educational managers of the second secondary course is supervision and guidance, knowledge management, evaluation, decision-making, planning, professional ethics, creativity and innovation, communication skills, negotiation skills, information literacy,  The use of new technologies in teaching, the skill of using information and communication technology, conducting research, conducting scientific and applied research, familiarity with teaching methods and techniques, and encouraging employees to teach are effective.

Children who are raped and exploited may face many psychological problems in the future, so teaching parents the right educational methods in order to make them aware of any intention can be necessary for preventing a part of  damage.)The aim of this study was to investigate the role of educational models in in preventing child abuse.

Method:

 This research is applied in terms of purpose and descriptive correlational in terms of method. The statistical population of this study consists of all children and teenagers under 18 years in Lorestan province. The sample of this study was 450 children and teenagers in Lorestan province who were selected by multi-stage cluster sampling.The data were collected using the Perceived Childhood Scale of Krolling et al. (1997) and Bernstein et al. (2003) Child Abuse Questionnaire. In this study, Pearson correlation and multiple regression were used to analyze the data by  using SPSS software version 26.

Findings:

The analysis of the data showed that there is a negative and significant relationship between the mother's support of the child's autonomy, the mother's involvement with the child, the father's support of the child's autonomy, the father's involvement with the child with the dimensions of physical, sexual, neglect and emotional child abuse (P≥0.001). Also, the results of the regression coefficient in a step-by-step methoud showed that autonomy from the mother, autonomy from the father and involvement of the mother to the child predict 24% of the variance of child abuse in children and teenagers.

The need to inform parents about child abuse to ban and prevent it is felt more than ever, in this regard the role of educational authorities such as schools and the media is very important and it is necessary to provide the necessary educational programs for parents and children in this area.

The aim of this study was the role of organizational culture in organizational citizenship behavior mediated by the tendency to critical thinking. The research method is descriptive correlation. The statistical population included all secondary school teachers in district one of Khorramabad city in the academic year 1399-400. 265 people (147 females, 118 males) were selected as the research sample by relative stratified random sampling. Data were collected using the Denison (2000) Organizational Culture Questionnaire, Farah and Oregon (1997) Organizational Citizenship Behavior Questionnaire, and Ricketts (2003). Pearson correlation coefficient, structural equation model and good fit indices were used to analyze the research data and bootstrap method was used to investigate the indirect relationships of the paths.

The findings of this study showed that the hypothetical model of organizational citizenship behavior based on organizational culture mediated by the tendency to critical thinking of secondary school teachers in district one of Khorramabad city is worthy of the data. The results of structural equation model showed that organizational culture has a direct effect on organizational citizenship behavior and tendency to critical thinking (p <0/01); Also, the path coefficient β from the tendency to critical thinking to organizational citizenship behavior is statistically significant (p <0/01).Indirect results of the paths showed that organizational culture does not have an indirect effect on organizational citizenship behavior through the mediation of the tendency to critical thinking.

After diagnosing a injury in children, their families often experience feelings such as shock, confusion, anger, depression, hopelessness, guilt, rejection, embarrassment, feelings of helplessness, and loneliness. The aim of this study was to compare the mindfulness and psychological hardiness of mothers of blind and deaf children aged 7-12 years in Khorramabad.

The method of this research was descriptive comparative causal. The statistical population of this study included all mothers with 7-12 years old blind and deaf children in Khorramabad in 1400. From the statistical population, 50 mothers with blind children and 50 mothers with deaf children were selected as the research sample by available sampling method. In order to collect research data, Brown and Ryan (2003) Mindfulness Scale and Long and Golett (2003) Psychological Hardiness Questionnaire were used. Multivariate analysis of variance (MANOVA) was used to analyze the research data.

The results of the analysis of research data showed that mothers of blind children have more awareness and psychological stubbornness than mothers of deaf children.

According to the results of this study, it can be said that the existence of a deaf child may be associated with psychological problems such as low mindfulness and psychological hardiness in their mothers.

The research has been performed to the aim of studying the relationship between thinking Styles and creativity with achievement motivation of junior schools student district 2 in khorramabad city in mind. Descriptive-correlation method of research has been used, to this aim. Statistical population include all of junior schools student district 2 in khorramabad city (5553 student), according to the statistical report of Education Department of khorramabad city for academic year of 2019-2020. Based on Krejcie-Morgan table, a sample size of 360 (165 girls, 195 boys) individuals has been selected based on random sampling method. To collect data, Thinking Styles Sternberg and Wagner, Abedi creativity test, and Hermans' Motivation have been used. To analyze data, indicators of descriptive statistics including standard mean and deviation have been used, in addition to inferential statistics tests such as Kolmogorov-Smirnov test for data normalization, Pearson correlation coefficient, and stepwise multiple regression.The results showed that there is a positive and significant relationship between legislative, executive, judicial, monarchic, hierarchical, anarchic, global, local, external, and Liberal thinking styles with achievement motivation of junior schools student district 2 in khorramabad city, But between thinking style oligarchic, internal and conservative no significant relationship with achievement motivation. As well as between all variables of creativity and its dimensions (fluency, elaboration, originality, flexibility) positive and significant relationship with achievement motivation. In addition, based on the results of stepwise multiple regression analysis, among the predictor variables included in the analysis in thinking styles, external thinking style, hierarchical, executive and Liberal together 19% and in the dimensions of creativity, fluency dimensions and originality 20 Percentage of variance explains the motivation for progress.

The present study is an applied research in terms of purpose and a quasi-experimental research in terms of data collection. The statistical population of this study consisted of all high school students in the academic year 1401-1400. The sample consisted of 24 high school students who were selected by cluster sampling method and randomly assigned to the emotional intelligence training group (12 people) and the control group (12 people). The subjects of the study, before and after the intervention for the experimental group, responded to the multidimensional delinquency scale of adolescents and young people (et al.) (2017). Emotional intelligence training based on Bar-On (2010) emotional intelligence model was performed in 10 sessions of 90 minutes by workshop method in the experimental group; The control group did not receive any intervention during this period. The collected data were analyzed using multivariate analysis of covariance. The results of multivariate analysis of covariance showed that emotional intelligence training is effective in preventing student delinquency (P≥0.001). It can be concluded that emotional intelligence is a set of abilities and mental health of the mental state. Determining the type of this relationship requires further studies that specifically examine this issue and the role of training the competencies that make up emotional intelligence. In order to prevent criminal behavior.

This study aims to investigate the psychometric properties of the Goals and Aspirations inventory. In this applied study, a psychometric design was used and the statistical population consisted of students of Allameh Tabatabaei University during the academic year 2011–2012. Among the students of Allameh Tabatabai University, 250 people (115 girls, 135 boys) were selected through an available sampling method and answered the Aspirations Index (AI) and the Religious Orientation Scale (ROS). Validity and reliability, exploratory and confirmatory factor analysis were analyzed using SPSS-22 and Lisrel-8.8 software. The results of the first-order exploratory analysis confirmed the structure of the operational decade of goals and aspirations with 41 items in the Iranian youth population. In the second-order exploratory factor analysis, all ten subcomponents were classified into three indices: external, internal, and self-transcending aspirations. The results of the first and second level confirmatory factor analysis confirmed the good fit of the model and also the convergent validity of the questionnaire. Cronbach's alpha ranged from 0.77 to 0.86 for the components and was 0.90 for the intrinsic aspirations index, 0.90 for the external aspirations index, and 0.82 for the self-transcendence index. Therefore, researchers and educators can be suggested to use this questionnaire in research related to assigning goals and aspirations and, if necessary, use this instrument to provide a basis for reviewing adolescents' life goals.

The present study was done with the aim of presenting the causal model of the effect environment of social constructivist on motivational orientations with regard to the mediating role of self-efficacy and outcome expectation. The research method was descriptive-correlational and the statistical population of the study included all postgraduate students of Lorestan University in the academic year 2016-2017 to 1643 students, of which 310 were selected based on stratified random sampling method. To collect the required data from University Social Constructivist Learning Environment Survey (USCLES), Academic Self Efficacy Beliefs Questionnaire (ASEBQ), Student Outcome Expectations Scale (SOES), and Academic Motivation Scale (AMS-C 28) was used. Data analysis was performed by path analysis by AMOS software. Social constructivism, self-efficacy and outcome expectation had a positive and significant direct effect on intrinsic and extrinsic motivation (p < 0.01). Self-efficacy had a negative effect on amotivation (p<0.01); But social constructivism and outcome expectation had no direct effect on amotivation (p>0.05). Social constructivism had a positive effect on self-efficacy and outcome expectation (p<0.01). In addition, the indirect effects of social constructivism with intrinsic, extrinsic motivation and apostasy through self-efficacy became significant (p<0.01). Also, the indirect effects of social with intrinsic and extrinsic motivation mediated by outcome expectation were significant (p < 0.01); But the indirect effects of social constructivism with amotivation mediated by outcome expectation were not significant (p > 0.05). The results of this study suggest the use of a constructivist approach in teaching as a strong and effective theory for educational circles.

Parenting styles have a significant impact on the incidence of behavioral disorders in children. The quality of parental behavior affects academic performance, relationships with peers, and the tendency to delinquent behaviors in adolescence. The aim of this study was to investigate the role of parenting styles in preventing adolescents' tendency to delinquency.

This research is a survey and correlational study. The samples of this study include 380 male high school students in Khorramabad city who were randomly selected in several stages. Bamrind (1972) parenting style questionnaire and Ayati delinquency questionnaire (2014) were used to collect data. In this study, Pearson correlation and multiple regression were used to analyze the data. Data were analyzed using SPSS software version 26.

The results of correlation coefficient showed that there is a negative and significant relationship between rational parenting style and delinquency (P≥0.001). Also, there is a positive and significant relationship between authoritarian and negligent parenting styles with delinquency (P≥0.001). Based on the results of regression analysis, rational and authoritarian parenting style significantly predicts student delinquency (P≥0.05). According to the results of parenting style, parents' rational authority can be used as a deterrent to juvenile delinquent behaviors. The need for further studies to investigate the interaction of individual, family, social and environmental factors in the occurrence of delinquent behaviors for systematic etiology of delinquency to design effective preventive and therapeutic interventions was discussed.

The purpose of the present study was to investigate the effect of cognitive Load and augmented reality technology methods on the learning-retention of 12th grade students of experimental sciences field in the mathematics 3 course in the academic year of 2018-2019. The research method is quasi-experimental with pre-test and post-test with three groups: one control group and two experimental groups. The statistical population of the study consisted of all 12th grade students of experimental sciences field of Gorgan city that were 726 students. Mustafa Khomeini high school was selected by cluster sampling method from 22 high schools of Gorgan as the sample. Then, from the 12th grade students of this school, the experimental sciences field was selected which consisted of 3 classes with 90 students. Among these students, those students who had average above 17, and who were discipline-desirable were selected. Finally, according to the criteria set, 60 students were selected as research sample. The research instrument consisted of a 30-questions researcher-made test with different levels of Bloom's cognitive domain. The coefficient of distinction and difficulty of each question was reported and was desirable. The results showed that cognitive Load and augmented reality technology methods have a positive and significant effect on students' learning and retention. And augmented reality-based teaching methods have a greater impact on students' learning and retention than other cognitive-based teaching methods and traditional methods.