مصطفی قنادیان

Malaria is one of the leading causes of death in many developing countries. Fever, anemia, and weight loss are the most important complications, and anemia is the main cause of death in patients. In this regard, the present study investigated the effect of Dracocephalum kotschyi essential oil on the control of some malaria complications in mice infected with Plasmodium berghei acting as an in vivo model of malaria.

P. berghei strain was donated by the Institute of Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran, and injected into the peritoneum of Balb/c mice for proliferation and maintenance. In malaria-infected mouse groups, after treatment with different concentrations of plant essential oil and chloroquine as a positive control drug, changes in rectal temperature and weight of mice, white and red blood cell count, hemoglobin, and packed cell volume were measured and compared with the positive and negative control groups.

On the seventh day of the experiment, the mean percentage of parasite suppression in the groups which received this essential oil was significantly higher than negative control. Also, the mean number of red blood cells and the mean levels of hemoglobin, and packed cell volume were noticeably higher in the groups which received different doses of essential oil.

The essential oil of D. kotschyi can be used as an effective agent to control the complications of acute malaria.

One of the most challenging issues in food and pharmaceutical industries is finding effective and safe saccharides from natural sources instead of the synthetic counterparts which can have side effects. In this regard, Trehala manna is considered a promising natural source of sugar and produced by Echinopes in response to insect activity.

The highest percentage of protein (2.97%), fat (0.87%), moisture (5.83%), fibre (0.83%) and ash (3.51%) was related to samples in Jahrom, and followed by Sabzevar, Mehriz, Jahrom, and Banaroyeh, in order of magnitude. Benaroyeh sample had the highest proportion of trehalose (17.11). However, Shiraz sample had the highest total sugar content (115 mg/g) and water-soluble sugar (45 mg/g) among the samples.The values of sucrose, glucose, fructose were ranged 2.4-8.2 (mg/gr), 7.6-4.5 (mg/gr) and 4.4-1.2 (mg/gr), respectively. In all cases, there were significant differences (p<0.05).

The origin of Trehala manna in different regions of Iran significantly affect their chemical components, especially trehalose. In this regard, Trehala mana from Benaroyeh region can be used as a proper source of trehalose (17.11%) for industrial purposes and the production of functional food.

Oral mucositis, inflammation, and painful wound of oral mucosal membranes is commonly known as a serious side effect of chemotherapy and radiotherapy. The aim of this study was to prepare and evaluate physicochemical hydrogel containing glycyrrhizin, hyaluronic acid, and polyvinylpyrrolidone for treatment and prevention of oral mucositis.

The hydrogel containing glycyrrhizin 0.2% w/v was prepared by adding 1, 3, and 1 percent hydroxyethyl cellulose, polyvinylpyrrolidone, and hyaluronic acid in deionized water. Different percentages of preservatives were also added to the formulation. Physicochemical characteristics such as viscosity, pH, stability, and antimicrobial effectiveness were evaluated in details. Finally, the efficacy of the formulation was evaluated in Wistar rats with chemotherapy-induced mucositis.

Macroscopically, the formulation was found to be without particles, it was touchable and transparent, and also had good consistency and uniformity in terms of physical appearance. The viscosity and pH was obtained 6.5 ± 0.2 and 1500 cp, respectively. Glycyrrhizin was completely released during 3 hours. The viscosity, pH, and physical appearance did not significantly change during stability studies. Oral mucositis was induced in rats after seven days intraperitoneal injection of fluorouracil. In the group received the formulation, the severity of mucositis significantly reduced more compared to control group.

The current formulation successfully reduced the severity of oral mucositis in rats, and its efficacy was comparable with commercial formulation (Gelclair® ). Therefore, the developed formulation has the potential to be used in the treatment of oral mucositis and other oral or subcutaneous wounds.

This study was aimed to evaluate the effect of spinacetin 7-O-β-D-glucopyranoside, a flanovid compound separated from Centurea shmidi against MCF-7 breast cancer cell line and its effect on apoptosis induction.
In this study, the inhibition rate of cell growth and induction of apoptosis in MCF-7 cell culture cells after treatment with different concentrations of spinostine glycoside was studied by MTT and flow cytometry.
According to the results of MTT test, after 48 hours treatment with spinostin-7-O- β-D-glucoside, a significant inhibition in cell proliferation was observed compared to the control group (P The derived flavonoid of spinacetin-7-O-β-D-glucopyranoside significantly inhibited MCF-7 proliferation and induced apoptosis. So, it could be suggested as a compound for breast cancer therapy.

Obesity, high blood triglyceride, and high waist circumferences are some risk factors of cardiovascular disease (CVD). Studies have shown that ω-3 fatty acids can reduce the incidence of CVD. Portulaca oleracea is an herbaceous plant and its leaves contain a high level of ω-3 fatty acid (α-linolenic acid). The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of Portulaca oleracea extract on fasting blood glucose, lipid profile, C-reactive protein (CRP) in men with metabolic syndrome.
This double-blind randomized clinical trial was performed on 80 men with metabolic syndrome for 8 weeks. Participants were randomly divided into intervention and control groups. The intervention group received two Portulaca oleracea ýcapsules each day and the control group received two placebo capsules. ANOVA was used to examine the effect of the intervention.
Findings: Fasting blood glucose, low-density lipoprotein (LDL), and CRP decreased in the control and intervention groups, but this reduction was not significant. Triglyceride level increased in both group, but this variation was not significant. HDL increased in the intervention group, but decreased in the control group. However, the difference between the two groups was not significant. Accordingly, total cholesterol and non-HDL cholesterol decreased in the intervention group, but increased in the control group. Nevertheless, no significant difference was observed between the control and intervention groups.
The results of this study showed that Portulaca oleracea ýcapsule consumption did not have a significant impact on fasting blood glucose, CRP, and lipid profile in men with metabolic syndrome.

The use of medicinal plants is as old as human life. Old documents of medicine and Pharmacy are include experiences and valuable information of treatment plant. Until the last few decades what was used as medicine came mainly from plant and natural resources. Iranian traditional medicine Mainly based on the use of medicinal plants. Medicinal plants are rooted in our tradition, Development of traditional medicine in the country is not only a strategy for development of medicinal plants industry, But also according to the recommendations of the World Health Organization as one of the suitable methods for the public easy access to medicine is safe and cheap prices. One of the ways you can get valuable information regarding medicinal plants is review of the regional flora and evaluation of Ethnobotany. In this study, we have collected and identified the plants in Gardaneh Rokh in Charmahal and Bakhtiari Province. To this end, during 2012 to 2014,the plants of this region where collected and systematically identified. furthermore traditional applications of the collected plants were recorded through interviewing the native people of the region. the result indicated that most plants of the region are valuable medicinal plants. Therefore, it seems that plants of the region deserves further studies.

Diabetes mellitus is a common endocrine disorder that affects 100 million people annually. It is considered as an important risk factor for clinical disorders such as nephropathy, neuropathy, retinopathy and cardiovascular diseases. The aim of this study was to examine the effects of cranberry (Cornus mas L.) on blood glucose and HbA1C levels in patients with type 2 diabetes. This randomized clinical trial, double-blind, placebo-controlled performed in the period of 6 weeks. 60 patients aged 41-65 years with diabetes participated in the study. Patients were randomly divided into control, consumer capsule placebo (n= 30) and group use, Cornus mas capsules. At the beginning and end of the study, fasting blood sugar (FBS), and glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1c) were measured using t-test and ANCOVA. There was no significant difference between the groups at baseline about the characteristics of the subjects (FBS, HbA1c, age). Cornus mas group compared with the control group receiving at the end of 6 weeks, the factors FBS and HbA1c decreased significantly (P< 0.05). Reducing FBS and HbA1c in patients with diabetes consumed Cornus mas for control is valuable. These changes in fasting blood glucose and glycosylated hemoglobin levels may be the result of anthocyanin compounds in the level of Cornus mas.

Tichomoniasis is a common sexually transmitted disease (STD) caused by a protozoan parasite called Trichomonas vaginalis. Metronidazole, with vast side effects, is the main treatment for this infection. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of the extract fractions of Taxusbaccata, on Trichomonas vaginalis in cultured medium. In the present study, asetonia dichloromethane extract of Taxusbaccata and hydroalcoholic fractions of 60% and 90% were collected and then dried. Their anti-trichomonas effect at doses of 200, 300, 400 and 500 μg/ml at 24, 48 and 72 hours on the TYIS33 culture media were studied. Data were analyzed using ANOVA test. The crude extract and fractions of 60% at different times at concentrations of 200, 300, 400 and 500 μg/ml showed higher anti-parasitic effects than 90% (p < 0.05). At concentration of 200 μg/ml of extract of 60% which causing 100% inhibition growth but the fraction of 90% showed 60% of inhibition growth. The effect of Taxusbaccata on Trichomonas may be a good alternative candidate for metronidazole.