معصومه امامقلیزاده

The main aim of this research is investigation about adaptation of climatological conditions with bioclimatological requirements of olive plant for the selected climatological stations (Oroumiyyeh, Khoy, Salmas, Kahriz, Maku). Qualitative and quantitative considerations of climatological factors were also carried out according to olive plant cultivation conditions in the study area. Daily climatological data of the stations were collected for 15 statistical years (1989-2003) and were used for calculations. The study area is located between 32/37 to 37/39 north latitude and 26/44 to 45/5 east longitude. Stations with capability of olive cultivation were determined after consideration of climatological data and comparison of the result with required conditions of olive cultivation. The obtained results from analysis of climatological factors and adaptation of them with bioclimatological requirements of olive plant shows that this plant is very sensitive to heat decrease and heat makes limitation for olive cultivation in most part of the study area. Therefore, cultivation of olive is restricted only for Kahriz and Oroumiyyeh areas. According to the investigations that were carried out in this study, time table of cultivation and harvesting of olive yield was determined. Because of cold mountainous climatic conditions that is dominated in the study area, periods of blossom and harvesting of olive yield is later than the other areas. Blossom and harvesting periods are during June and September to early October respectively. Harvesting period for oil-pressing is in December.

Climate and its related parameters such as precipitation, temperature, moisture, and so on, and also their probable changes during a certain period play a major role in human living environment. Therefore, through the recognition of these elements and the relevant changes using quantitative and statistical models, there will be provided the possibility of sustainable utility of the nature.In the existing study, we have used the precipitation records of synoptic stations of Iran for a long term period, after retrieving the data and applying homogeneity tests. Using the SIAP equation, we have drawn zoning map of Iran based on standardized values and the coefficient of variation of precipitation have been studied and finally the coefficients of variation map of Iran has been prepared. According to the results obtained, in the years 1966 and 1973 all over Iran has experienced droughts and since 1995 until 2001 a very long desiccation in most parts of Iran has dominated. Also the studies indicate that the relationship between height and precipitation in Iran has a high rate of uniformity and the study should be carried out in a regional basis, because there is no correlation between precipitation and height in some parts of Iran. For example, the Caspian Sea shores experience higher amounts of precipitation despite their lower elevation, and can be regarded as one of the precipitation poles of Iran. The reason is that the rainfalls in Caspian shorelines are generally derived from convective and dynamic rising rather than orography. The effective factor in Iran's precipitation in winters is the emergence of western air masses and the existence of subtropical Azure high pressure, and in summer the dominance of dry periods.