معصومه بروشکی

In order to study the application of zeolite on quantitative and qualitative characteristics of carela medicinal plant under deficit irrigation, a factorial experiment was conducted in a completely randomized design with three replications in a greenhouse at the Agricultural Institute, University of Zabol during 2018. Experimental factors included deficit irrigation in three levels, (90, 70 and 50 % F.C.), and four levels of zeolite (0, 20, 30 and 40 g/kg of soil). The results showed that application of zeolite increased fresh and dry fruit weight, fruit diameter and fruits number per plant and deficit irrigation had a decreasing effect on the mentioned traits. Application of zeolite at all levels of deficit irrigation increased plant length, fruit length, fruit yield, chlorophyll a, b and carotenoid, vitamin C and alkaloids, so that the highest amount of these traits was obtained from 40 g/kg zeolite. In general, application of zeolite was helpful in reducing the adverse effects of deficit irrigation on carela's quantitative and qualitative traits.

In order to evaluate the effects of chitosan spraying and irrigation interval on physiological characteristics and antioxidant enzymes common mallow, a factorial experiment in a completely randomized design with three replications was conducted in 2015 at the Faculty of Agriculture, University of Zabol. The experimental treatments included irrigation interval (Irrigation interval 7 day, Irrigation interval 11 day and irrigation interval 15 day) and foliar chitosan spray (0, 0.5 and 1 mg.l-1). The results of interaction showed that spraying with 1 mg. l -1 chitosan during irrigation increased 27 and 7 % respectively, chlorophyll a and the relative content of leaf water and on the other hand spraying with 1 mg. l -1 chitosan during 15 day irrigation cause increased in total phenol content (79 %),proline (68 %) and Activity of antioxidant enzymes peroxidase (51 %), ascorbate peroxidase (72 %), guaiacol peroxidase (70 %), superoxide dismutase (54 %) and catalase (80 %) relative to the control. The results of correlation showed that proline had significant and positive correlation with RWC, but showed a negative correlation with photosynthetic pigments. Also there was a significant positive correlation between enzyme and non-enzymatic antioxidants.. The results of this study showed that chitisan spraying at the rate of 1 mg. l -1 reduced the lipid peroxidation, through increasing the antioxidant defense system activities of the plant and prevent the relative water content of the leaf through retaining cells’ water balance which, consequently, leads to cells’ structures stability against deficit stress.