معصومه حسینیان

Prayer is one of the main muslim worships that have been emphasized in Qur'an and religious texts. This study aimed to determine the barriers for prayer performance in patients admitted to educational hospitals in Kashan.

This cross-sectional study was performed on 300 patients hospitalized in different wards of hospitals in Kashan. The tool used in this study has two parts: demographic and clinical data and Prayer barriers scale. The statistical analysis was conducted by using T-test, ANOVA and Pearson correlation coefficients through SPSS 16.

The finding showed the mean age of the participants was 50.53±18.95 years, 52% were male, 35.7% had secondary education, 77.7% had urban life and 60.7% were hospitalized due to internal medicine. The overall mean scores of prayer barriers scale was 30.31±12.12. There was a significant relationship between prayer barriers and younger age, hospitalization in surgery department, not being able to do personal affairs and to walk alone. Regarding the correlation between the scores of subscales and the total score of the prayer barriers scale, the findings showed that the highest correlation obtained for factors related to patient's illness (r=0.852) and the lowest correlation obtained for the hospital facilities (r=0.214).

Findings showed that the score of prayer barriers was moderate and some factors including the patient's condition and hospital facilities are barriers for prayer.

The prevalence of cigarette and water-pipe smoking is gradually increasing among the students in Iran. Considering the psychosocial consequences of smoking, this study aimed at examining the mediating role of mental health and motives to drug abuse in the relationship between adjustment to university and cigarette and water-pipe smoking among students.
This correlational study with a structural equation modeling approach was conducted on 634 students selected from Kashan universities by cluster sampling. Data were collected using the Student Adaptation to College Questionnaire (SACQ), Substance Use Motives questionnaires, Young Risk Behavior Scale (YRBS), and General Health Questionnaire (GHQ-28).
The study model had good fit indices (X2=1.42, DF=5, P=0.92, AGFI=0.99, CFI=0.99, NFI=0.99, GFI=0.99, RMSE=0.019).The results of the study showed that there was a reverse and meaningful relationship between individual-emotional adjustment and attachment to university with mental health and substance use motives (P Findings show decrease in the two dimensions of adjustment to university and individual-emotional adjustment, which can lead to mental health problems. Coping motives for cigarette smoking and enhancement motives for water-pipe smoking may increase the probability of cigarette and water pipe smoking in students. Implementing different smoking prevention programs and screening the student's mental health, especially students with mental disorders, are recommended.

Aims: Probabely through improvements in the levels of apolipoproteins (ApoA and ApoB) and visfatin, the sport activities helps to reduce the risks of cardio-vascular diseases in the diabetic persons. The aim of this study was to compare the effects of intensive interval and combined trainings on the levels of ApoA and ApoB, visfatin, and insulin resistance in the middle-aged women with Type II diabetes.
In the semi-experimental study, 52 middle-aged female patients with Type II diabetes were studied in Shahr-e-Kord in 2015. The subjects, selected by convenience sampling method, were randomly divided into three groups, incluing simultaneous strength-endurance training, interval intensive training, and control groups. 12-week trainings, composed of three endurance training sessions per week with 60% of maximum heart rate and two resistance training sessions per week with 70% of one maximum repetition, were done in strength-endurance group. Three training sessions per week with 4-10 repetition of 30-second Wingate test on the ergometer were conducted in interval intensive training group with maximum effort. Data was analyzed by SPSS 21 software using dependent T test, covariance analysis, and LSD test.
Findings: At the post-test stage and following interval intensive trainings, ApoA reduction (p=0.03) and ApoB/ApoA (p=0.01) were significant. However, no significant difference was observed in combined group. The levels of visfatin and serum insulin and insulin resistance index significantly decreased in both training groups (p The interval intensive trainings further affect the levels of blood apolipoprotein, visfatin, and insulin resistance in the middle-aged women with Type II diabetes, than the combined endurance-resistance trainings.

Introduction and Physical activity is an important component of health in old age. There is difference according to the type of activity، in energy expenditure. The current study aimed to evaluation energy expenditure metabolic equivalent based on the physical activity pattern of weekly in the elderly Kashan، Iran. This is descriptive cross-sectional study in 2014. The study populations were 400 elderly above 60 years covered in health care center situation Kashan Iran. The energy expenditure physical activity elderly survey recorded in the questionnaire. Data analyzed by SPSS version 16. Descriptive statistics، Kolmogorov-Smirnov test، Kruskal-Wallis test and regression ordinal test used in data analysis. The significance level for all the tests were considered p<0.. 05 The results showed that moderate physical activity energy expenditure in elderly Kashan was 364. 84 ±326. 21per week based on metabolic equivalent (IQR=22/2). The most seniors (79. 2%) were in low energy expenditure activity. The majority population study (87. 2%) had low levels of physical activity. Results showed a significant difference between the average energy expenditure with physical activity level (p=0. 001) and energy expenditure levels (p=0. 001). The most effective predictor of energy expenditure activity in elderly Kashan based on regression ordinal results was related activities walks (p=0. 001)، personal affairs (p=0. 001)، housekeeping Affairs (p=0. 001)، activities related to leisure time (p=0. 001) and sedentary activities (p=0. 001). The results showed Elderly surveyed in terms of energy consumption levels were low energy expenditure and physical activity levels are low. Exercise room design in all healthcare sites and Education of staff involved in physical activities for the elderly to achieve the desired level of activity in the elderly mentioned steps.

Pulmonary rehabilitation is an evidence-based، multidisciplinary، comprehensive intervention for patients with chronic respiratory diseases who are symptomatic and whose daily living activities are often restricted. Pulmonary rehabilitation programs are designed to improve the physical and emotional condition of people with chronic respiratory disease and to promote long-term adherence to health-enhancing behavior. This study was a semi-experimental study on 50 patients who were older than 60 years and had chronic respiratory disease. The patients were divided randomly in to two groups. In the experiment group the exercise program was initiated with a pattern of 3 times per week for 2 months، according to the walking check list. The walking distant for the patients was 400 meters، following a physician’s approval and its duration was 15 to 35 minutes each time. At the end of the 2 months intervention، the quality of life was evaluated in both groups for the second time. the results showed a statistical significant relation between the quality of life in patients and some of their demographic characteristics such as age، sex، marital status، level of education، duration of the disease and smoking (P<0. 05). It was also proved that a regular walking program can lead to an increase in the quality of life of patients with moderate COPD (P<0. 05). Pulmonary rehabilitation programs improved quality of life in chronic respiratory disease.

The appropriate body mass index and balanced weight in elderly were dependent to physical activity. Many factors prevent adequate level of physical activities. The current study aimed to survey the relationship between barrier factors to physical activity and body mass index levels in Kashan elderly.

This descriptive study was conducted on 400 elderly people ages 60 years. Multistage quota sampling base on gender and number covered elderly in health situation. The body mass index، and Exercise Benefits/Barriers Scale survey was used to gather the data. Data was analyzed using descriptive statistics, such as Kolmogorov-Smirnov test، spearman and Eta correlation coefficient test and ordinal regression was used for the data analysis.

The results indicated that 294 elderly individuals (73. 6%) had overweight and obesity body mass index level. The average body mass index of elderly was 27. 01±3. 1 kg/m2. The mean barrier factors for physical activity score was 32. 3±6. 53. The most barrier factors according to BMI was related to lack of appropriate facilities for conducting physical activities. The result of Eta test showed a significant relationship between body mass index levels and barrier factors of not having enough time (p=0. 02), elderliness (p=0. 03), being overweight (p=0. 04), fatigue (p=0. 04), lack of supportive activities (p=0. 001), lack of appropriate facilities for conducting physical activity (p=0. 005) and futility of physical activity (p=0. 016).

based on the results with appropriate follow-up methods in the healthcare centers and providing sports space facilities needed for the elderly، increasing BMI in the elderly can be prevented.

Considering the importance of Gastrointestinal Surgical Technology courses for Operating Room students، the teaching methods are important. The aim of this study was to determine the effects of lecture and Multimedia software on the learning of medical students in Gastrointestinal Surgical Technology course and also to assess students’ satisfaction from the Multimedia software method. In this quasi-experimental study، 60 Operating Room students of Kashan''s Nursing faculty who had selected Gastrointestinal Surgical Technology in the first and second term were divided into two groups as experimental and control. To assess their knowledge، students were given a pre-test. Then، the control group received instruction through lecture method and the experimental group received instruction through Multimedia Software method. Then، both groups took a post-test. Also، the attitude of the experimental group was assessed by a researcher-made Likert scale questionnaire. Data analysis was conducted using independent and paired t-test and Smirnov Kolmogorov through SPSS14. There was no statistically significant difference between the mean of pre-test and post-test of the lecture groups، (P=0. 081). But this difference was significantly meaningful in the expriemental group (P=0. 024). There was significant difference between two group after intervention (p=0. 013). Multimedia software teaching method could be useful in teaching Gastrointestinal Surgical Technology of medical students by promoting learner''s internal motivation، increasing learning and satisfaction.

The use of acupressure is growing. Several studies have used acupressure on PC6 point to reduce postoperative nausea، vomiting and pain and have reported conflicting results. This study aimed to investigate the effect of acupressure of the PC6 point on pain، nausea and vomiting in patients after appendectomy. A single blinded randomized controlled clinical trial was conducted on 88 post appendectomy patients. Patients who have not any problem in the Pericardium 6 (PC6) point، having an age between 17 to 70 years، were in the list of appendectomy under general anesthesia were selected and were randomly assigned within two groups. In the intervention group، after parients recovered from anesthesia، using special acubands with a pressure button، acupressure was applied on PC6 acupoint. In the placebo (control) group، the acubands were loosely closed on the patients'' wrist. Acubands were kept for 7 hours and pain (using a visual analog scale)، nausea (using a visual analog scale) and frequency of vomiting، was measured hourly until the seventh postoperative hour. SPSS 11. 5 software was used for data analysis. T test، and Chi-square test was used. No significant differences in terms of age، body mass index، duration of anesthesia and the length of incision were observed between the three groups. Average pain intensity was not significantly different at different times in the two groups. Overall، 45. 4% of subjects in the PC6 group and 47. 7% in the placebo group experienced postoperative nausea. The mean of nausea intensity was lower in the PC6 group than the control group in all postoperative hours but the difference was not statistically significant. In total، 12 patients in the PC6 group and 18 ones in the control group had vomiting (p=0. 01). PC6 acupressure did not significantly reduce pain after appendectomy. However، it was clinically effective in reducing postoperative nausea and vomiting.

Despite the importance of patient satisfaction as an indicator of care quality, no data are available on the satisfaction of mothers whose children admitted to hospitals. This study aimed to evaluate the mothers satisfaction of hospital care in the pediatric ward of Kashan Shahid Beheshti hospital. A descriptive study was conducted using the pediatric family satisfaction (PFS) questionnaire and through interviewing with 280 mothers during 2010-11. Data were analyzed using SPSS software and descriptive statistics. Mean maternal age of subjects was 28.04 years. Average age of admitted children was 2.4 years and the mean of hospital stay 4.97 days. The mothers were dissatisfied with doctors for not being available on time and their failure to notify the results of their childs tests. They were also dissatisfied with nurses for the lack of education about their childs treatment and also the lack of post-discharge care. The mothers were also dissatisfied with welfare services (e.g. providing an appropriate play room for children (71.4%). Average satisfaction scores for the medical, nursing and welfare staff were 22.25±6.19, 29.05±6.88 and 26.68±6.93, respectively. A significant relationship was observed between the child's disease and the mothers satisfaction (P<0.0001). Overall satisfaction with medical, nursing and welfare staff was low in pediatric ward of this hospital. Doctors and nurses attention to the quality of care can reduce the levels of dissatisfaction.

Individuals’ needs especially during the growth period is a matter of worry, for which, teachers are considered to be an inseparable part. The present study was conducted to draw teachers’ attitude towards primary school students’ physical needs in Kashan in 2000. For this cross sectional study, teachers’ of primary schools in Kashan were selected. Their attitude as well as demographic characteristics was surveyed. Associated factors were considered as below: Age, sex, experience, marital status, number of children, having a primary school-aged child and child referral. Scores that were below the mean were considered as negative attitude whereas those above the mean value were positive attitude. Of 507 schools, 42% have shown negative attitude towards physical needs. Age, experience, marital status and number of children have not shown any association with teachers’ attitude, however, there was a significant correlation between sex and child referral with their attitude. Positive attitude towards the students’ physical needs was relatively low. Further studies with special emphasis on improvement of attitude through educational programs are strongly recommended.