فهرست مطالب معصومه عبدی

COVID-19 was a global epidemic that led to numerous problems, including menstrual disorders in women. The present study aimed to assess the frequency of menstrual disorders and related factors in women with COVID-19.

The descriptive study was conducted on 80 women with COVID-19 in the first six months of 2022. Information was collected using a telephone questionnaire and data analysis was performed in SPSS software (version 16) using descriptive statistics (frequency and percentage) and analysis (chi-square and independent t-test).

Based on the results, 43.7% of women had menstrual disorders during the COVID-19 pandemic. Among these women, 26.3% and 17.5% of cases considered the disorder to be related to receiving the COVID-19 vaccine and COVID-19 infection, respectively. Massive bleeding (17.5%) and low-volume bleeding (7.5%) were the most reported disorders, and Sinopharm (76.3%) and AstraZeneca (15.0%) vaccines were the most used vaccines. The results of statistical tests did not demonstrate a significant relationship between the presence of disorder and other variables (P>0.05).

Menstrual disorders increased during COVID-19 compared to before. Considering the resolution of this disorder after several months, it is recommended that if the disorder is not resolved, it should be referred for identification and follow-up in time to reduce the dangerous consequences of women's diseases.

28 Errors or Never Events are cases that should never happen and in case of occurrence, the Vice Chancellor of the University should be informed immediately and the Vice Chancellor should inform the Office of Supervision and Accreditation of the Deputy Minister of Health within a maximum of 6 hours.

The present study is a retrospective cross-sectional analytical study that was performed on all operating rooms of public hospitals under the auspices of Lorestan University of Medical Sciences, which have completed the 28 events reporting form. Data were analyzed using SPSS software version 16 and descriptive and inferential statistics.

The results showed that the highest frequency of errors was related to death or complication of mother and infant following cesarean section (58.3%). Also, a significant relationship was found between the incidence of errors with age group, type of hospital and the day of the accident, but not with other variables.

Due to the importance of death and complications of mother and infant in the operating room, it is recommended to avoid unreasonable cesarean section if possible and to use skilled midwifery and anesthesia personnel and complete resuscitation equipment in the operating room.

Space has become one of the basic components in urban analysis. In fact, cities are the most important platform for the production of space and the spaces formed with investment are targeted to ensure the necessary conditions for the production and reproduction of capitalist relations. Accordingly, in this research using descriptive-interpretive method and through a systematic review of all the relevant literature, space production processes and its products are analyzed with reference to Lefebvre and Harvey intellectual system and finally socio-spatial dialectic of Edward Soja and their theoretical commonalities as the main research goal. What can be deduced from this research is that the productive relations in the city between the ruling power and the lower class are reproduced by producing new space and power tries to create a new spatial order with its production tools in the city and its spaces, in addition to a production environment, a consumption environment is formed that directly affects the daily lives of citizens. Also, the analysis of views shows that Lefebvre has inspired other thinkers by presenting his spatial trialectics; In Lefebvre’s proposed trialectic, Spatial action with spatial representation, ends in representational space, and Lefebvre by critique of everyday life in capitalism and its relation to living space in the production of space, has been able to draw class struggle into civil society strife. Similarly, in the following decades, Harvey discusses the cycles of capital accumulation, emphasizing the second cycle, and while acknowledging the role of space in the circulation of capital, believes that capital operates in a geographical and historical context that leads to the creation of various spatial forms of space in our living world. In fact, Harvey specifically see the real estate market as a secondary circuit for capital turnover, arguing that at the point where the second cycle of accumulation crisis reaches, to exit the crisis, The third cycle of accumulation is produced by relying on the production of new ideology, knowledge and awareness, which in the living space leads to the same Lefebvre ideas, and as long as the artificial environment in production is consumed by citizens, the relations of production are reproduced. On the other hand, Edward Soja, like Harvey, relying on Lefebvre’s ideas for his spatialization, re-discusses the dialectic and introduces the third term into the historical-social duality and considers three dimensions for space. In between, Many researchers have also pointed out that Soja’s spatial trialectics offers a new postmodernist angle to describe how people perceive, imagine, and reconstruct space, and that Soja is always striving to find something valuable between the first and second spaces that the title describes the third space, so can be said that Soja’s trialectics emphasizes different thinking about the meaning and importance of space and has broken the duality of material and spiritual space. finally, it can be concluded that Harvey in expressing the three circuits of capital circulation with more reliance on capitalist behavior And Soja in expression of socio-spatial dialectics and the emphasis on understanding new and different ways of spatial thinking have both been indebted to Lefebvre’s ideas.

The aim of the present study was to report a case of cerebral venous thrombosis (CVT) folowing consumption of the oral contraceptive pills with high estrogen levels.

 A 35-year-old woman presenting a headache was diagnosed with thrombosis in the upper sagittal, sigmoid and transverse  veins, by CT SCAN, MRI and MRV of the brain.

The chance of cerebral venous thrombosis in women taking combined oral contraceptive pills with higher estrogen levels increases in the presence of risk factors such as hypertension, hyperlipidemia, coagulation problems, infection, obesity and migraine.

As a central activator agonist of the gamma-amino-butyric acid receptor, baclofen is widely used in the treatment of muscle spasms. The oral dose of baclofen in cramps is 40 to 80 mg daily. Poisoning with this drug occurs at high doses, but it occurred with 75 mg in the patient who participated in the present study.

 A 76-year-old woman with a sudden decrease in the level of consciousness presented herself. She does not mention a history of diabetes, stroke, hypertension and kidney problems. She has been taking oral baclofen tablets due to spasm of the neck and shoulder muscles, and has been poisoned after taking 75 mg.

We recommend that baclofen be administered cautiously in the elderly and in patients with renal impairment. Moreover, the patient or the companion should be informed not only about the signs and complications of the consumption of baclofen but also about the necessity of referring to the hospital promptly. Furthermore, the use of alternative drugs instead of baclofen is recommended to control the pain and muscle spasm if there is evidence of renal dysfunction.

Nosocomial infection is an infection that occurs during hospitalization (at least 48 to 72 hours after admission). Washing is the most effective, easiest, and least costly way of hand hygiene by staff and care providers. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of educational intervention on improving the hand hygiene of the staff of Imam Jafar Sadegh Hospital.

The study was interventional and was conducted in two stages between October and March. The intervention was performed in January by the infection control supervisor. Data were analyzed by SPSS software version 16 and descriptive statistics (percentage, frequency and mean) and analytical (chi-square).

The mean of total hand hygiene in the studied wards before and after the intervention was 16.53% and 27.22%, respectively, which increased 10.69% after the intervention. Following educational intervention, hand hygiene by nurses was higher in comparison with the other two groups and increased in all three groups.

Due to the implementation of educational intervention in this hospital and considering the growth rate of personnel involved in health care, hand hygiene in this center is still low compared to other studies, so training and supervision in this area should be To be done more seriously.

The aim of this study was to compare the effects of two pedaling methods on lower limb muscles fatigue index and muscular activity in road cyclists. For this purpose eight road cyclists participated in two separately session in laboratory. They were pedaling with pushing technique in first session and circling (pullingpushing) technique in the other session. Surface electromyography activity of the Rectus Femoris, Vastus Medialis, Vastus Lateralis, Biceps Femoris, Semitendinosous, Gastrocnemius Medialis, Gastrocnemius Lateralis and Tibialis Anterior muscles of the subjects were recorded. Each session was performed according to predetermined protocol until exhaustion. There was a significant difference between pushing and rest phases during two pedaling techniques with higher muscle activity in pushing technique. Subjects during circling technique exhausted later. According to the results of this study, the circling technique caused lower muscle activity consequently, increases gross efficiency. It is recommended that road cyclists utilize the circling technique.

Performance indicators are the essential tools for measuring the efficiency of hospital services. Therefore, this study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of performance indicators by the Pabon Lasso Model in the teaching hospitals of Babol affiliated with Babol University of Medical Sciences. This experimental study was conducted using a descriptive method and the performance indicators of the Pabon Lasso Model from 2011 to 2014 in four major medical centers and hospitals of Babol University of Medical Sciences (Beheshti, Ayatollah Rohani, Yahyanejad and Children’s Hospital of Amirkola). Data were extracted from the monthly database of the Ministry of Health consisting of the inpatient bed occupancy rate, bed turnover rate, bed turnover interval and the patients’ average length of stay. The collected data were evaluated according to the criteria of the Health Ministry. In 2011, the Children’s Hospital of Amirkola and Ayatollah Rohani Hospital accounted for the highest (75.74%) and the lowest (69%) bed occupancy rate, respectively. In 2014, the highest rate of bed occupancy was observed in Ayatollah Rohani Hospital (82%). The comparison of the indices by the Pabon Lasso Model indicated that all the four surveyed centers were located in the third area of the diagram from 2011 to 2014. In general, the indicators surveyed in this study appeared to be desirable compared to the criteria of the Ministry of Health, with the exception of the patients’ average length of stay. Thus, further attempts are required as to reduce the average length of stay in the patients.

Systematic evaluation of hospital information system (HIS) leads to its modification and development in accordance with user's need, increase of hospital efficiency and effectiveness. The aim of this study was to assess the effect of hospital information system on processes and personnel function from user's viewpoint in the hospital affiliated to Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol, Iran. This cross sectional study was performed on 155 users of affiliated hospitals of Babol University of Medical Sciences who used software daily in 2013 and participated in the census. The data was collected by a questionnaire that its validity and reliability has been confirmed. The questionnaire included basic and specific questions on Likert. In this study 72.9% individuals were women. Hospital information system (HIS) was used the most by nurses. The most average was related to need to learning new skills in users (3.72±0.7), 45.8% of individuals in this study expressed that HIS implementation caused to reduce the personnel workload and 70.4% declared that HIS implementation caused to increase personnel accuracy. 54.2% expressed that HIS implementation caused to increase work facility and 43.2% expressed that HIS implementation caused to reduce total expenditure of work. The results of this study showed that hospital information system has effectiveness on processes of personnel function.

Arak County with an area of 5594 km2 is located in Markazi province. The altitude ranges from 1650 m in the Meighan lake to 3118 m in Sefidkhani mountain. The mean annual precipitation varies from 200 mm in Ebrahimabad plain to 440 mm in the Sefidkhani mountains. Thus، this area has climatic variation and floristic richness. This study was conducted to introduce، classify and determine the distribution of medicinal plant species of Arak county. According to field studies and literature review، medicinal species was listed and some information including scientific name، family name، Persian name، botany specifications، distribution area، habitat altitude from sea level، utilized organ were recorded for each medicinal plant. According to results، in Arak county 143 medicinal plants species were identified belonging to 121 genera and 40 families. Asteraceae with 17، Papilionaceae with 16، Lamiaceae with 14، Brassicaceae and Linaceae (each with 9)، Rosaceae with 8 and Apiaceae with 7 species، were the most families that have the highest number of medicinal species. About 40 percent of medicinal plants grow in the plains and 60 percent grow in mountainous areas. 126 species of medicinal plants were self-grown (wild) in natural resource boards and 17 species were planted. Considering the diverse climatic and topographic conditions and diversity of medicinal species in Arak county، this area has a high potential for development of medicinal plants cultivation.