معصومه فدایی

The rural-urban integration refers to an optimal combination of natural, economic, social, and spatial factors. The scale of this integration depends on the extent to which urban and rural systems (economic, social, and environmental) influence, interconnect, complement, and share benefits. The main goal of this study is the environmental analysis of villages in the periphery of Farsan city based on the rural-urban relationship.

This is an applied study that uses a descriptive-analytical method. Data were collected using a questionnaire. The statistical population of the study consists of the four villages in Farsan county with a population of over one thousand people. Together, these four villages are home to about 4285 households (14972 people) from which a sample of n=375 was selected using Cochran's formula.

The results of the research based on the one-sample t-test indicate an environmental relationship between Farsan county and its nearby villages. The environmental indicators such as noise pollution and non-expansion of green space, the change of cultivation pattern, the intensified land abuse and brokerage, the reduced share of water in agriculture, and the limited environmental knowledge of villagers suggested adverse effects whereas other variables manifested the positive effects of the connection with Farsan on improving the environment of the nearby villages. The results of regression analysis showed that the environmental relationship of Farsan with its surrounding villages explained 17% of study indices (environmental health, land-use change, water and soil resources, knowledge and importance of environmental issues) and the remaining 83% was explained by other factors not addressed in this study.Research limitations/implications- The main limitation of the study was the scant literature on the environmental effects of the urban-rural relationship.Practical implications- Implementing a suitable cultivation model for agricultural products, expanding new irrigation systems, maintaining and reviving orchards, and raising awareness of environmental issues among villagers should be put on the agenda.

Investigating environmental effects of the urban-rural relationship as a way of ensuring sustainable rural settlement and environmental protection in the study area.

Urban and rural integration indicates to the optimal combination of natural, economic, social and spatial factors. The degree of integration of these two places depends on the extent to which urban and rural systems (economic, social and environmental) penetrate each other, they connect with each other, complement each other, and share benefits. The aim of this study is to investigate the economic and social relations between Farsan city and the periphery villages. The research method is descriptive and applied in terms of purpose. Data were collected using a questionnaire. The statistical population of the study consists of rural household heads in Farsan city County. The sample size is 380 heads of households in 19 villages.The results of the research based on a one-sample t-test indicate that there are economic and social relations between Farsan city and periphery Villages. All indicators of social relations show a positive and two-way effect, but in economic relations, the indicators of capital flow from city to village, employment rate and income rate with average differences(-0.800, -0.827, -0.518) show the one-sided effect and dominance of Farsan city on the periphery Villages. The result of modeling structural equations for social and economic relations by explaining 0.98 and 0.89, respectively, showed that social relations are more and stronger than economic relations between Farsan city and periphery Villages.

Infertility and its treatment affect as a crisis on various aspect of quality of life in women that is the most important aspects of quality of life of emotional issues and social connection. The aim of this study was to determine the effect of continuous care model on emotional health and social connection in infertile women.
In this semi-experimental study, 80 infertile women referred to infertility centers affiliated with Tehran University of Medical Sciences during 2015 were entered into study by simple (convenient) sampling method. The data were collected by demographic characteristics questionnaire and fertility quality of life questionnaire (FertiQol). 2-3 training session was held for implementation of continuous care model. Quality of life in infertile women was evaluated during two stages: before intervention and 2 months after intervention in evaluation stage. Data were analyzed using SPSS by the Independent t-test, Paired t-test, Chi-square and Exact fisher test and p in the case and control groups, mean of quality of life in emotional health after the intervention was 16.75±3.572 and 8.85±3.971 and in social connection was 17.98±2.922 and 11.45±3.672, respectively. A significant difference between intervention and control group was observed (P=0.002). In the control group, a significant decrease in scores on emotional and social areas after the end of the intervention was observed (P Implementation of continuous care model improves emotional health and social connection in infertile women. It is recommended that continuous care model to be used as a easy, affordable and available care model.

Today، computers are widely used in many homes and workplaces. The relationship between computer use and musculoskeletal disorders in the neck and upper extremities has been well documented. Muscle fatigue in the shoulder and arm regions is one of the most frequently reported problems in computer users. Supporting the upper extremities has been suggested as a way to reduce the static load on upper body muscles while using a keyboard. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of elbow and forearm support on upper trapezius muscle fatigue while typing. Eight students of Bu-Ali Sina University (Hamadan، Iran) participated in this quasi-experimental study. The surface electromyography activity of the upper trapezius muscle of the dominant side was recorded in three positions، namely without elbow support، elbow support with the table، and elbow support with a pad while typing. The muscle fatigue index for the three typing positions was calculated based on the median frequency slope of the raw electromyography signals. Repeated measures analysis of variance (ANOVA) was employed for statistical analyses. Median frequency slope decreased significantly in elbow support with the table in comparison with non-support position (p = 0. 04). There were no significant differences between elbow support with a pad and other two positions. These results suggested elbow support as a mechanism to delay trapezius muscle fatigue and thus increase task efficiency. More research is required to determine the advantages or disadvantages of using different pads.

The the provision of urban services، attention to many principles، including the principles of passive defense in structures، increase the efficiency of urban system in order to provision better services to citizens as well as the development of a sustainable city. According to the goals principles of passive defense، the prevention and mitigation of natural hazards and human، and as important capabilities of GIS in planning and better decision-making، this paper analysis the Loacation-Spatial disciplinary centers in the Birjand of city has been based on the principles of passive defense. The study of based goal، is practical and based the nature and purpose، descriptive-analytic. The method of Data collection is two libraries and survey. Technique used in the analysis،is the Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP)، based on experts opinion and paired comparison between indicators، 17 criteria and options for each criteria in Geographical information System. Results showed that more than 45. 89 percent of the city based on the principles of passive defense is good and very good. The General situation of the Location-Spatial Disciplinary centers in the Birjand in city is Almost Appropriate. However، to increase the good performance of these centers، in some cases need to be reviewed and changed.

The purpose of study was normalization of national pride questionnaire with emphasis on sport. Population of study consists of all faculty members and PhD students of physical education and other governmental university of guilan, Kerman, Esfahan, shahrkord, Mashhad, Semnan and Kermanshah disciplines. Cluster-based randomization according to geographical distribution used in this resarch that 325 individuals responded to questionnaire. According to survey of literature, semi-structured interview with sport management scholars and social science, questionnaire was conducted and finally 71 questions based on seven factors of cultural and literature pride(12 items), history and civilization pride(8 items), military pride(14 items), politics pride(10 items), science pride(8 items), economic pride(7 items) and sports pride(14 items) catagoryed. Internal consistency of the questionnaire according to pilot study from viepoint of 50 peeson of samples doing and Cronbach alpha was =α 0.79 that confirmed reliability of the questionnaire. Also, confirmatory factor analysis used for construct validity. Result showed that national pride questionnaire with emphasis on sport has appropriate tool for measuring national pride. Also, final model of reasrch showed that militariy and sience prides in priority was first and tow rank of national pride and spor t pride had five ranks and economic pride had end rank of national pride. Suggest that future researchers used this questionnaire in big and different sample to assess national pride.

Cultural, social and political status of each region can contribute positively or negatively. These effects are in turn effective on human development and promoting different indexes. Present study aims to investigate present situation considering Cultural, social and political factors in Southern Khorasan. By recognizing this status it’s developmental effects can also be observed. Necessary information has been collected via documents or library resources. Therefore, this study, considering nature is fundamental. And, regarding method, it is descriptive- analytical. Present conditions indicate that Southern Khorasan has a special Cultural and social conditions in which Shias and Sunnis live together in some cities especially in border ones. And in some time periods. There have been conflict among them that resulted in political and security problems. This issue besides other factors lead to some threats such as smugglers advent inside the country, people’s tendency toward black mailing and consequently increasing unhealthy occupations. Thus, by organizing culturally and socially, it can be expected that besides sustainable security, sustainable development emerges from the proper social and economical conditions.

Emotional intelligence as a psychological factor has an important role in psychology، management and recently sport. The purpose of this research has a Confirmatory Factor Analysis (CFA) of Emotional Intelligence Questionnaire in Sport. Statically society was all of coach، referee and athlete of Kermanshah، Iran that 166 person finally respond in questionnaire. After content validity، CFA، Pierson test and Chronbakh alpha used for reliability and validity of questionnaire. Also، in CFA research the number of sample was select according the factor of questionnaire. Result of CFA showed that six factor of questionnaire was a good structure. Reliability of questionnaire with Chronbakh alpha for six factor showed that the range between 0. 73 -0. 79. Result of CFA support six factor structure of emotional intelligence include appraisal of own emotions، regulation of own emotions، utilization of own emotions، optimism، social skills، and appraisal of others emotions has good fit. According to CFA result، suggest that for confidence of questionnaire، future research test this questionnaire among other sample.

Rural and agricultural development is a multi-dimensional process which aims at enhancing life changes and rural community welfare through increased agricultural efficiency, amended land ownership, social mobility and promoting participation models to make transformations in mental as well as social structures of the rural dwellers. Therefore, agricultural production cooperatives seem to be highly instrumental in this regard. The current paper aims to examine the role of agricultural production cooperatives in improving life chances and welfare of members: A case study of Farsan and Kouhrang Townships in 1389 (2010). The research is of descriptive-analytic nature. The statistical population consists in 18 production cooperative societies 11 of which in Kouhrang and 7 in Farsan. All the 126 members of these cooperatives were fully included instead of sampling. The results show through the wilcokson statistical analysis that the formation of the abovementioned cooperatives helps significantly with employment, sedimentation of rural population and improvement of welfare indexes of coop members.