فهرست مطالب معصومه محسنی

In line with of the sustainable development goals, Iran has aimed to reduce maternal mortality in deprived areas. Therefore, there is a need to identify the social determinants of health and lifestyle of pregnant women. In this regard, this study aims to investigate the health-promoting lifestyle and social determinants of health in pregnant women in Hormozgan Province, southern Iran.

This is a cross-sectional study that was conducted on 800 pregnant women in the second and third trimesters of pregnancy referred to the urban and rural health centers in Hormozgan Province during 2010-2015, who were selected using cluster sampling and convenience sampling methods. Data were collected by a researcher-made form surveying demographic/socio-economic information and the health-promoting lifestyle profile (HPLP-II). The statistical analysis was done in SPSS software, version 21 using descriptive statistics, ANOVA, and multiple linear regression analysis.

The overall HPLP-II score of pregnant women was 139.94±22.52 (71.39%), and the lowest score was related to those from the eastern part of the province (138.78±19.73). Regarding lifestyle dimensions, women had the highest score in spiritual health and the lowest score in physical activity and stress management. The regression model showed that having a normal body mass index (BMI) and receiving prenatal care were the strongest predictors of a health-promoting lifestyle in pregnant women. 

The health-promoting lifestyle of pregnant women in Hormozgan Province is lower than the average level. Considering the impact of social determinants of health on the lifestyle of these women, they need to increase their awareness about the importance of having a health-promoting lifestyle before pregnancy. The health of the mother and fetus during pregnancy and after delivery should be considered by public education through the media and by health system officials.

Considering the importance and role of education in the diseases prevention, especially infections, this study was designed and implemented with the aim of determining the effect of an educational intervention based on the theory of planned behavior on the incidence of urinary tract infections and its preventive behaviors in pregnant women in Rafsanjan.

The quasi -experimental study was conducted among 95 pregnant women in the first trimester in two groups (intervention 48 and control 47) by random cluster sampling method in 2021-22. The data collection tool was a researcher-made questionnaire based on the theory of planned behavior and urine culture test in two stages. The training program was conducted virtually through the WhatsApp social channel for one month, twice a week. Data analysis was done by SPSS version 20 software and independent t, paired t, chi-square and covariance analysis at a significance level of 0.05.

Covariance analysis showed a significant difference between the mean score of knowledge, attitude and behavior of the two groups three months after the intervention (p<0.05). Three months after the implementation of the educational program, the result of the urine culture test of three pregnant women in the control group was positive, while in the intervention group, no positive cases were observed (p=0.038).

The educational program had a significant effect on the incidence of urinary tract infections in pregnant women. However, due to the lack of impact on the constructs of subjective norms and perceived behavioral control, it is suggested that one of the most important members of the family be involved in intervention programs in future interventions.

In forensic dentistry, age is estimated using dental radiographs. Our goal is to automate these steps using image processing and pattern recognition techniques. With a dental radiograph, the contour is extracted and features such as apex, width and tooth length are determined, which are used to estimate age. Optimizing the resolution of radiographic images is an important step in contour extraction and age estimation. In this article, the aim is to improve the image resolution in order to extract the appropriate area and proper segmentation of the tooth, which makes it possible to estimate age better. In this model, due to the low resolution of radiographic images, in order to increase the accuracy of extracting the desired area of each tooth (ROI), the image resolution increases using spatial entropy based on the spatial distribution of pixel brightness, along with another increasing resolution method, like the Laplacian pyramids. Increasing the resolution of the image leads to the extraction of appropriate ROI and the removal of unwanted areas. The database used in this study is 154 adolescent panoramic radiographs, of which 73 are male and 81 are female. This database is prepared from Babol University of Medical Sciences. The results show that by using fixed tooth segmentation methods and only by applying the proposed effective method to improve image resolution, the extraction of appropriate ROI increased from 66% to 78% which shows a good improvement. The extracted ROI is then delivered to the segmented block and the contour extracted. After contour extraction, age is estimated. The age estimation using the proposed method is closer to the manual age estimate compared to the method that does not use the proposed algorithm to increase the image resolution.