منصوره کریمی

Branched-chain amino acids (BCAAs), including valine, leucine, and isoleucine, are essential amino acids that modulate glucose homeostasis, neurotransmission, immune responses, and mitochondrial biogenesis, and thereby, contributing a role in the development of metabolic disorders such as obesity and diabetes. In this review, the relationship between the catabolism of BCAAs and insulin resistance (IR), as well as the effect of exercise training on this pathway, was discussed. Epidemiological studies and review articles published between 1964 and 2023 were collected from PubMed, Google Scholar, and Web of Science databases. Also, to reach Persian language articles, Iranian scientific databases, including the Scientific Information Database (SID), Iran’s Information and Scientific Documents Research Institute (Irandoc), and Iran’s publications database (Magiran), were searched to find relevant papers published between 2001 and 2023. The results of various studies show that plasma BCAAs are either upregulated or downregulated by the first two enzymes in their catabolic pathway, i.e., branched-chain aminotransferase (BCAT) and branched-chain alpha-acid dehydrogenase (BCKD). Therefore, the disruption of the enzymatic complexes that limit the catabolic rate of BCAAs lowers their catabolism and increases the plasma levels of BCAAs, greatly predisposing to the development of diabetes. Exercise training can reduce the accumulation of BCAAs catabolic mediators and reduce or even prevent IR. Improving BCAAs’ catabolism through exercise training and diet control can lead to the recovery or prevention of metabolic diseases such as obesity and diabetes.

High-fat diet (HFD) causes disturbances in energy production pathways and increases the possibility of insulin resistance (IR). The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of high-intensity interval training (HIIT) on metabolic profile associated with IR in male rats fed with HFD and standard diet (SD).

32 male rats (aged 7-8 weeks) were divided into four equal groups including HIIT+HFD, HIIT+SD, HFD control, and SD control. Then, HIIT (12 weeks, five sessions per week at intensity of 85-90% of maximum oxygen consumption) and diet interventions were applied and finally, the gastrocnemius muscle was removed for tissue examination by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. One-way analysis of variance, one-way analysis of covariance, and Kruskal-Wallis tests were used for data analysis at a significance level of P < 0.05.

The level of citric acid in the gastrocnemius muscle was significantly lower in the HFD control group than in the SD control group. In addition, the level of citric acid in HIIT+SD and HIIT+HFD groups was significantly higher than in the HFD control group. There was no significant difference between the levels of malate, glucose 6-phosphate, ribose, xylose, and ribulose 5-phosphate metabolites among the groups. Also, the body weight in the HIIT+SD and HIIT+HFD groups was significantly lower than the HFD control group.

HFD limits the aerobic energy provision of skeletal muscles by reducing the level of muscle citric acid as an important intermediate metabolite in the TCA cycle. HIIT can be effectively reduced metabolic disorders caused by HFD by increasing the level of citric acid and reducing the slope of body weight gain.

Stress is an undeniable fact and a factor in the evolution of human life and is known as one of the most important causes of diseases one of the groups that are exposed to various stresses is adolescents. One of the factors that makes some people less affected by different pressures and less injured is the use of coping skills against stressors. Spiritual intelligence, as one of the new concepts of intelligence, includes a kind of adaptation and problem-solving behavior that is important in terms of coping with stress. This study was conducted to investigate the relationship between spiritual intelligence and coping styles in adolescent girls in Gonabad in 2018.

This cross-sectional study was performed on 300 adolescent girls aged 12 to 16 years in Gonabad by stratified sampling. Data were collected through the Demographic Information Questionnaire, King Spiritual Intelligence Questionnaire, and endler parker's coping strategies Questionnaire among adolescent girls.

the average age of students, and parents were 14.25, 46.05, and 41.75 years, respectively. The results showed that the average score of spiritual intelligence was81.04±14.99. The highest average for stress coping style is related to the emotional area of 52.70±11.85. there is a significant relationship between spiritual intelligence and coping styles (P<0.001).

There is a significant relationship between spiritual intelligence and coping styles; spiritual intelligence and coping styles in adolescent girls can affect their physical and mental health.

Stress is an undeniable fact and is known as one of the most important causes of diseases. Adolescents are one of the age groups that are exposed to various stresses, Parents parenting methods also have a significant impact on how adolescents develop and develop their personalities. Due to the importance of this issue, This study was conducted to investigate the relationship between parenting styles and coping styles in adolescent girls in Gonabad in 2018.

The present study was performed with an Analytical-cross-sectional approach on 310 adolescent girls aged 12 to 16 years in Gonabad by stratified sampling method. Data were collected through a demographic information questionnaire, Bamrind parenting style, and stress management questionnaire among adolescent girls. Data were analyzed by SPSS software version 16 and descriptive statistics and Pearson correlation coefficient. The significance level was less than 0.05.

According to the obtained results, the average age of students' parents was 14.25, 46.05, and 41.75 years respectively. The results showed that the highest mean was related to the decisive and reassuring style and the majority of parents had high scores in this style. According to this study, there was no significant relationship between parenting styles and stress coping styles of adolescent girls, while in this study most parents (more than 90%) had authoritative parenting style, and more than 50% of adolescents have used problem-oriented stress coping styles to manage their stresses.

The findings of the present study showed that most parents had high scores in authoritatively rational style. However, the lack of a significant relationship between parenting styles and stress coping styles can indicate that issues such as gender differences, normative changes in adolescence, virtual networks, etc. should also be considered. Therefore interventions in teaching and training coping styles , especially in girls are recommended

To identify the validity of factors affecting the "Brand" of National Library and Archives of Iran (NLAI) from the viewpoints of staffs and clients.
Survey using a self-designed questionnaire. The population consisted of 214 staff and 285 clients of the NLAI.
Producing national bibliography (mean 4.3) and being open in holidays and nights (mean 4.66) were the most important factors regarding staffs and clients’ views respectively. Considering services, staff believed that having RASA software (mean 3.52) is important and clients preferred access to digital version of theses (mean 3.52). Also, having faculty members affiliated to the Ministry of Science, Research and Technology (mean 4.1) was on top of services’ advantages category according to staffs’ views and access to hot meal and drink (mean 3.44) in client’s standpoint.
Staffs and clients viewpoints about factors affecting NLAI brand was highly credential except for service factor, which reveals the need for promoting services.

This research was conducted on polluted soil near the lead and zinc factory in Zanjan province through which the effects of two organic and three mineral sources were examined on heavy metals fixation in randomized experiment design. Experimental treatments includes bagasse and rice husk in three levels: 1.25, 2.5 and 5%, zeolite in three levels: 5%, 10% and 15%, phosphate rock in three rates: 1%, 3% and 5%, triple superphosphate in three ratios: 0.0075, 0.015 and 0.3% accompanied with control treatment. The incubation period was performed in filed capacity moisture. After the incubation period the heavy metals concentration in soil were measured and the radish was planted. After harvesting the shoot the concentration of lead, zinc, iron and manganese in the shoot of radish were measured. The results of data Analysis of Variance showed that treatments had significant effect on reduction of iron, manganese and lead concentration in soil (extractable by nitric acid) and radish shoot. The most effective treatment on reduction of soil iron concentration was in the second level of rice husk. In manganese and lead concentration reduction was the third level of zeolite. The least concentration in radish shoot was observed in third level of bagasse treatment (460.7mg/kg), Manganese in third level of zeolite treatment (370mg/kg) and lead (14.43 mg kg⁻¹) in third level of rice husk. According to the organic and zeolite treatment on heavy metal fixation in soil and reduction of plant uptake this treatment can be used to amend the lead polluted soil.

After the dominance of Arabs in Iran in the early Islamic history, various types of resistances and oppositions occurred. The oppositions throughout the first few centuries of the Arab rule in Iran included political and armed confrontation against official authority, and more importantly theoretical research and debates to challenge Muslims. Furthermore, a group of Iranians who had converted to Islam, endeavored to penetrate into the political hierarchy of the Caliphate, and actively participated in cultural and scientific development of society all of which prevented the extinction of Iranian cultural presence in society. The main purpose of this article is to review of the relationship between the political power of influential Iranians in the hierarchy of political power of Caliphate and cultural development of society. This review proves that the extensive presence of Iranian influential households in the power structure of Abbasid Caliphate was the main cause for the establishment and progression of their cultural and scientific framework.
Iranians actively participated in the development of political, economic, religious, and administrative foundations throughout Abbasid era. Furthermore, they played a significant role in the advancement of Arabic and Persian literature, philosophy, natural sciences and industries related to writing such as fabrication of paper and pencils. This article, based on the method of “historical explanation,” seeks to analyze the cultural and scientific outcome of the presence of Iranians in the political power structure of the period of Abbasid Caliphate.

Intensive agriculture and industrial activities in several parts of Iran have reduced soil quality. This research was conducted to investigate the effect of organic and mineral amendments on polluted soil around the Angouran zinc and lead mines. The experimental treatments included two organic treatments: bagasse and rice husk at three levels, namely 1.25%, 2.5% and 5%, and three minerals treatments as follows: zeolite in three levels (5%, 10% and 15%); phosphate rock at three rates (1%, 3% and 5%); and triple superphosphate in three ratios (0.0075%, 0.015% and 0.3%) accompanied with the control treatment. After three months incubation, the heavy metal (lead, zinc, iron, manganese) concentrations were measured. After that, garden cress was planted in pots and, after completing its vegetative period and harvesting it, heavy metals in the garden cress shoots were measured. The results of data Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) showed that the treatments had a significant effect on the reduction of heavy metal concentration in the soil and in garden cress shoots. The least lead concentration (28.17 mg kg⁻¹) was observed in the first level of rice husk and the highest reduction percentage of zinc concentration (34%) in garden cress shoots was found in the second level of rice husk. According to the effect of organic treatments on heavy metals fixation in soil and reduction of plant uptake, usage of organic matter in polluted soils can be a useful way to control the transfer of pollutants.