فهرست مطالب مهدی مرتضوی

Regardless of the effectiveness of the policy during the formulation stage, it is crucial for the policy to be seamlessly integrated and solidified within the actual procedures and practices of the local destination of implementation. This integration is essential for realizing the intended benefits of the policy. This study aims to identify and categorize obstacles and opportunities for effective implementation of Covid-19 crisis policies in the executive bodies of Kurdistan Province. 

Using a qualitative case study approach, data was collected through interviews with 32 employees from five government organizations: The health network, education network, banking network, traffic police, and governorate organizations. 

Data were analyzed based on a conceptual model consisting of fourteen factors. The study identified several obstacles and inhibiting factors, including a lack of facilities, non-cooperation of the people, insufficient financial support from the government, incorrect information from organizations, and limited interaction between people and organizations. Opportunities and drivers of implementation included problem-solving through disobeying orders, the sacrifice of employees, high levels of inter-organizational cooperation, problem-solving through consultation with higher authorities, and increased interaction between people and organizations. The findings provide insights for policymakers and practitioners on effective implementation of crisis policies at the local level. 

Effective crisis management necessitates social participation and recognition of the influential role of media, within both organizational and citizen levels. Policymakers and government executives should utilize the potential of public participation and the media to formulate and implement crisis policies, thereby addressing any potential weaknesses in policy formulation through collaboration and empathy.

The aim of this research was to find the most important indicators in creating job stress of country's air transport industry employees during the Corona era. This research is developmental-applicative in terms of purpose, in terms of data collection method, it is a descriptive survey type research and in terms of data collected type, it is quantitative. The statistical population of research was made up of 1420 working employees in headquarters department of Iran's air transport industry, of which 312 were selected as a sample by simple random sampling. The data collection tool of this research was a researcher-made questionnaire consisting of 126 specialized questions in line with the research variables, which were designed based on the five-choice Likert scale. The results showed that the dimensions of work environment, age and experience are important factors in creating job stress among air transport industry employees during the covid-19 pandemic, and from the number of 126 introduced indicators, 43 active independent indicators have succeeded in predicting job stress behavior and are important. Therefore, it is suggested to the managers of the air transport industry to take effective measures to reduce the psychological pressure of employees by strengthening the field of training and specialized preparation and to try to provide safe working conditions for employees with organizational support.

Today, human resources are considered as the key factor and development of any organization, in this regard, the importance of human resources management in third sector organizations is of double importance due to its characteristics such as voluntary and non-selective nature. Therefore, this research has addressed the modeling of human resource management in voluntary organizations and has used the mixed exploratory research method.In the qualitative part, theme analysis is done in NVIVO software, and the statistical community of the research consists of experts from the Imam Relief Committee. In terms of expertise, the size of the expert community was 15 people and the number of samples was determined using the snowball sampling technique of 15 people, and finally 8 dimensions with 29 indicators were identified. Care and maintenance are human resource infrastructure, perceptual and functional results and consequences, internal environment and external environment.In the quantitative part, the statistical community was the experts of the Imam Relief Committee (R.A.), in this regard, 175 questionnaires were collected and the analysis was done with the confirmatory factor analysis method in AMOS software.The obtained results confirm that voluntary organizations also need human resource management systems and processes in accordance with their nature. The results of the quantitative part showed that all dimensions and components of the proposed research model were confirmed.

Qanat, the main source of water supply for Saravan, has become a national identity and one of the important values in the lives of the people of the region, with which the social and cultural relationship has grown. According to surveys, there is a close relationship between the Qanat and society, and it has created special rituals and beliefs that have become an important part of the region's culture. In Saravan, for example, some people believe that the construction of a Qanat is the work of jinn and that humans are incapable of constructing such a trick. This belief is so strong among the natives that even the Qanat diggers believe that the original Qanats were created by jinns and that people learned from them. This study attempted to investigate the effect of the Qanat on various aspects of Saravan's socio-cultural structure, as well as the beliefs and rituals that arose as a result of it. In the terms of nature and method, this research is descriptive-historical and the data are gathered from the library and the field (conversation with native Qanat diggers and elderly people). The findings, which include beliefs and rituals, demonstrate that the social existence of the people in Saravan is dependent on the existence of the Qanats, which has an important place in Saravan society and its historical anthropology. Based on the discussions, it was discovered that the beliefs and rituals were not written down but were passed down orally to future generations, and library studies revealed that some beliefs of the Saravan people about the Qanat are similar to those of people in other parts of the country, particularly Yazd province.

The influence of Marxism on the process of theoretical developments in archaeology is not far from the mind. Such effects can sometimes be traced in Iranian social archaeological research, although they have not been studied much. Hence the main question of the research was posed as follows; How is the impact of Marxist archaeological ideas on the study of societies at the beginning of Iran’s urbanization? And its purpose was to understand the relationship between Marxist archaeological thought and functionalist views in the societies of the beginning of urbanization in Iran. However, in order to guide the goal, the descriptive-historical nature and method were used along with an analytical approach. Therefore, some researches of the beginning of urbanization of Iran such as Shush and Chaghamish areas in the southwest, Bakun Fars, Pishva pottery hill in the central plateau, Jiroft and Shahr-e Sokhteh civilization in the southeast and Choghahavan area of Mehran plain in the west of Iran were examined. The results showed that although sometimes the ideas of Marxism in the analysis of societies at the beginning of urbanization in Iran can be inferred and followed for reasons such as social complexities; But so far, due to the popularity of historical-cultural trends in the Iranian archaeological community has not been reflected, and consequently the endogenous forces of social change in the early urbanization of Iran has received less attention from archaeologists. This means that the results of analyzing the data of the communities of the beginning of urbanization in Iran depend on the approach and approach of the researcher, whether functionalist, Marxism or other approach and thinking. Finally, the Marxist archaeological approach, due to its political nature, can follow the evolution of societies in the beginning of urbanization in Iran in the management of labor production, and the functionalist approach will consider the evidence of the beginning of urbanization from the perspective of necessity and need of society.

The national system of industrial property is an important part of the infrastructure of innovation, and the reform and improvement of this system is a practical step towards enhancing the national capacity for innovation. An effective industrial property system provides the infrastructure that facilitates technology transfer and helps attract foreign direct investment. However, in many developing countries, setting up an industrial property system does not meet their development needs. In Iran, this system has a long history, but the impact of their development is unknown. The purpose of this study is to develop a model for evaluating the successful implementation of industrial property policy. This research is of qualitative type and its method is data foundation theory and the required data are obtained from semi-structured owners. For this purpose, 13 experts, professors and experts with sufficient knowledge and practical experience were interviewed and a semi-structured method based on Atlas ta software was used to collect the required research data. To validate the results of the interviews with experts, 90 property policy implementers were surveyed, and through data analysis, the researcher discovered, identified, and classified the facts and results. In this study, the researcher analyzed the data and information obtained from the questionnaire after extraction and classification using SmartPLS2 and SPSS26 software. The result is a valid tool for evaluating the implementation of industrial property policies in the country

IntroductionGovernance refers to focusing on processes through which collective groups can be managed. In this regard, non-public institutional mechanisms such as civil society have been increasingly expanded in governance processes (Bozzini and Enjolras 2011; Rhodes, 1997). In other words, the administration of affairs in a framework of non-hierarchical, systematic, and collaborative relationships and interactions that includes the real cooperation and interaction of all actors and stakeholders in a field, including government, private and civil society institutions, is referred to as governance.Due to the excessive expansion of the public sector in Iran, the third sector has not been able to have a proper position in responding to the needs of citizens as it deserves (Research Center Parliament, 2008); on the other hand, the public sector itself has not had sufficient efficiency and effectiveness due to its numerous administrative and economic problems, large size and high costs (Danai Fard and Abbasi, 2007). The endowment system is no exception to this rule. Endowment is an institution through which a significant part of the problems and bottlenecks of society can be recognized and the property and assets of good people can be used voluntarily to solve them. But so far, the impact of endowments on the growth and development of the country's economy, reducing economic inequalities and using the endowment capacity in difficult economic conditions has not been tangible (Khaksar Astana et al., 2014). Therefore, the main goal of this research is to formulate the governance model of the Endowment system in Iran, and the research question is, what is the governance model of the Endowment system in Iran? Research MethodologyThis research has been conducted with a qualitative approach, qualitative content analysis was used to analyze the data, and structural-interpretive modeling was used to validate the components of the model. Philosophically, this research has an interpretive approach and is developmental in terms of orientation.In this research, we use qualitative content analysis with a thematic analysis unit (Sandelowski, 1995). In this regard, we have used the method of Braun and Clark (2006):Stage 1: Familiarizing yourself with your data "repeatedly reading the data" and actively reading the data (looking for meanings and patterns).Stage 2: Creating initial conceptual identifiers from the dataStage 3: Categorizing different identifiers in the form of selective identifiers and sorting the identified data summary.Stage 4: Reviewing the primary themes createdStage 6: Defining and naming sub-themesStage 6: Review, comparison, and participation of experts, and final analysis and report writing (Hajipour et al., 2015).The structural-interpretive modeling strategy is a suitable method for identifying and designing the model of complex relationships between the components of a phenomenon (Attri et al, 2013). This method was first proposed and introduced by Warfield (1974).The data collection tool in the qualitative section was semi-structured documents and interviews, and in this stage, 22 experts were selected using non-probability sampling and snowball methods. In the stage of structural-interpretive modeling, the number of samples was 14 experts. Also, to measure the reliability and validity of the research findings, it was indicated that the coefficient of Cohen's kappa is 0.7544, and since it is more than 0.7, it indicates the appropriate reliability of the findings. Research FindingsThe governance model of the endowment system with 3 main themes of strategic factors, infrastructural factors, and consequences and effects, as well as 11 sub-themes of data and information management, spatial oriented strategic plan, structure and model of the endowment administration, coherence and integration, rule of law, accountability, transparency, participation, independence, outcomes, and effects and 46 components were compiled, and the dimensions of the model were organized in four levels Discussion and ConclusionThe three key axes and bottlenecks of endowment governance are explained below:Management of data and information instead of the management of endowments:To implement the trustee-based governance of endowments, information on endowments and real and legal trustees (charities), including the intentions, geography, qualifications of trustees, and the like, should be collected in the territorial arena (Charities Regulator, 2018).The structure and model of endowment administration:In the trustee-centered governance model, each endowment is considered a self-sufficient unit with a legal personality, and a board of trustees, a trustee, and a supervisor can be considered for its management. Therefore, in contrast to state-oriented governance, which has a simple approach, in trustee-oriented governance, a complex, non-hierarchical approach based on the endowment is dominant.The spatial-oriented strategic plan:Having a program based on local requirements, needs and capacities can provide further development and progress. It is obvious that endowments also have specific and special intentions in the field of land in different regions, and the spatial-oriented strategic plan should be formulated and implemented in accordance with this issue, and each region and sometimes each endowment (large endowment) has its own special plan (Chew, 2009). References:Attri, R., Devi, N. & Sharma, V. (2013). Interpretive structural modeling (ISM) approach: An overview. Research Journal of Management Sciences, 2(2), 3-8.Bozzini, E. & Enjolras, B. (Eds.). (2011). Governing ambiguities. Baden-Baden: Nomos Verlag.Braun, V. & Clarke, V. (2006). Using thematic analysis in psychology. Qualitative Research in Psychology, 3(2), 77-10.Charities Regulator. (2018(. Charities Governance Code, Dublin.Chew, C. (2009). Strategic Positioning in Voluntary and Charitable Organizations. Publishing RoutledgeDanai Fard, H. & Abbasi, T. (2007). Administrative reforms in Iran: An analysis of government downsizing. Daneshvar Raftar, 15(29), 102-121.Hajipour, B., Moutamani, A. & Tayyebi Abolhasani, A.H. (2015). The combination of success factors for the commercialization of advanced technology products. Innovation Management, 5(4), 54-19.Khaksar Astane, H., Rahnama, Ali. & Ibrahim, H. (2014). Pathology of the position of the endowment institution in strengthening the country's economy. The first knowledge-based conference on resistance economy.Research Center Parliament. (2008). Pathology of non-governmental organizations in Iran. Rhodes, R. (1997). Understanding governance: Policy networks, governance, reflexivity, and accountability. Buckingham, PA: Open University Press.Sandelowski, M. (1995). Sample size in qualitative research. Res Nurs Health, 18(2), 179- 83.Warfield, J.N. (1974). Developing interconnection matrices in structural modeling. IEEE Transactions on Systems, Man, and Cybernetic, 4(1), 81-87.

The purpose of this study was to diagnose the pattern of public education governance in Iran.

In this research, a mixed-methods research design has been used. In the qualitative stage, the content analysis strategy using Atlas TI software and theoretical sampling method were used. In the quantitative stage, a survey and correlation strategy was adopted and 384 people were considered as a sample using random sampling. To implement the model, confirmatory factor analysis method was used in LISREL software.

The results of research First, based on the content analysis of interviews with education experts the deficiencies of public education governance were identified. 4 comprehensive themes, 11 constructive themes and 46 basic themes were identified. The pervasive themes in the pathology of public education governance are: lack of accountability, infrastructural problems, lack of participation, and lack of flexibility. Confirmatory factor analysis was used to fit the network of identified themes. The results confirm all the identified factors.

In general Conclusion, it can be said that by improving the components of non-accountability, infrastructure problems, lack of participation and inflexibility, it is possible to provide the basis for good governance in public education in Iran. It seems that conducting this research leads to providing a comprehensive model of good educational governance that is appropriate to the social, cultural, political and economic conditions of the country.

The Uruk culture is one of the most significant cultures in Mesopotamia which First in the south of Mesopotamia and spread to other regions, including northern Mesopotamia (Tel Brak, etc.), Iran (Central Zagros, Central Plateau and Southwest), southeastern Turkey (Hacinebi, Hassek Höyük, etc.), northern Syria (Tel Hamoukar, Habuba Kabira, Jebel Aruda, etc.) and even Egypt and the Levant. Guillermo Algaze was the first to make hypotheses about the spread of this culture. Algaze argues that the lands adjacent to southern Mesopotamia underwent dramatic changes in society, politics, and economic organization during the Uruk period, which are influenced by developments in the alluvial lands of the south. However, the role of indigenous capacities is also important So that natural environment of these areas has played a significant role in formation the architecture of the Uruk period and creating architectural features related to the natural environment. Among the features, we can mention the triple plan (as the most important architectural feature related to the natural environment), clay cones and decorative niches, which are the features of southern Mesopotamia. In some areas, such as Godin and Hassek Höyük, an oval courtyard has been obtained which indicates the use of the site and also the use of Uruk architectural features based on the specific geographical conditions of the area of the two sites. This research by descriptive-historical method seeks to assess the question that architecture to what extent can indicate the influence of Uruk culture in neighboring areas? By examining the architecture in the Uruk Sites, it can be said the presence of architectural features along with other cultural elements can indicate the full influence of Uruk culture on a site Which researchers refer to as colony, enclave, or large enclave and Sites that are less architecturally influenced by the influence of Uruk culture; only involved in the Uruk trade network or their use is a trade station (such as Godin Tepe) and most of the indigenous capacities have contributed to the formation of their type of architecture.

One of the infrastructures that can guarantee the economic and technological success of researchers and knowledge-based companies in the knowledge-oriented era is paying attention to “industrial property”. The lack of an effective industrial property policy for researchers and knowledge-based companies will be a serious threat. On the other hand, its existence will be a great opportunity. This research is considered a qualitative -development study and its methodology is Grounded Theory. It used the targeted sampling of the participants with the maximum difference. The necessary data and information were obtained from the documents, library sources and semi-structured interviews. For this purpose, 13 experts, professors, and experts with sufficient knowledge and practical experience were interviewed and the semi-structured method based on Atlas.ti software was used to collect the necessary research data. In total, the concepts extracted from the interviews were categorized into 850 primary codes and 6 main themes. After analyzing the text of the interviews, the quality and tools of the policy, the capabilities of the executives, the executive organization, as well as the results and consequences of the implementation were identified as the main dimensions and the final model was developed. The findings of the research show that 15 categories including 175 criteria are effective in evaluating the successful implementation of the policy, its results and consequences, and a proper understanding of the extracted criteria and their application in a valid evaluation system improves the efficiency and effectiveness of industrial property activities.

For a long time the Sistan Plain has been one of the important areas for men’s settlement due to abundant water resources. Following the preparation of the archaeological map of Iran and in methodical surveys of the Sistan plain, settlements of the era were identified and their geographical location was recorded. So far no comprehensive study on relation between water resources and settlements has been conducted. The present survey aims for studying reciprocal relation between Sassanid settlements and natural environment in areas based on water component. This research has been carried out through the descriptive -analytical and historical method using GIS software. To reach the research goals after environmental conditions had been studied, six variables including water resources types, distance from water resources, land slope, soil type, Geology and settlements area were studied and results indicate surface water resources effective role in settlements placement and settlements area. Locating on delta fans would lead to change of direction branching canals of rivers, which causes numerous relocations of settlements. The Water resources existence, gentle land slope and consequently ease of water flow down to different areas of plain, branching canals creation capacity to keep the suitable distance to river and also, placement on the alluvial terrace to avoid flood hazards are among the factors turned the area to population absorbing one despite shortage of aquifers and people’s heavy reliance on surface water resources.

The aim of this study, as mixed research, is to analyze and design a model of public service culture. The ultimate goal of conducting this research is to design and evaluate the public service culture model.

In the first stage, to identify the components of the public service culture model, the researchers conducted 18 in-depth interviews with connoisseurs, including managers and experts in the research topic, and also reviewed the research literature. At this stage, the thematic analysis method was used. The components of public service culture were extracted and categorized into three main themes, 26 sub-themes, and 201 concept codes. A questionnaire related to the components of public service culture was distributed among 392 public and private sector employees to assess the current situation and rank them.

According to the responses of the participants, the only theme that scored above the average in the component of public service motivation, was “compassion”. Also, in the component of public service values, four themes including “politeness”, “decency”, “benevolence”, “philanthropy” and “God-centeredness” scored above the average. In the component of public service symbol, only the theme of “appearance and clothing” in the current situation scored above the average. The scores of other themes of all three components were lower than the average. Finally, using the collected data, the themes related to each of the components were ranked.

The results of this study showed that the participants considered the components of good public service culture among employees and public organizations to be weak. This indicates a failure in providing effective services by Iran's public services that are responsible for implementing policies, decisions, and regulations of the public sector.

Attainment the sublime goals of the Islamic Republic of Iran requires comprehensive efforts in all cultural, scientific, social and economic dimensions. In this regard, science and technology is one of the most important infrastructures of the country's development and as a mean for competition in various fields. Industrial property and related executive policies of national measures included in the comprehensive scientific map of the country is subset to science and technology. This research has been done with the aim of identifying the indicators to evaluate the consequences of policies and executive policies of national measures related to industrial property from the comprehensive scientific map of the country. This qualitative development research uses content analysis method which has used the purposive sampling of the participants with the maximum variation. The data and information gatherd through unstructured interviews. To do so, interviewes were conducted with 13 experts, and the data analyzed by Atlas.ti software. In total, the concepts extracted from the interviews categorized into 127 primary codes and 5 main categories.

In the political sphere and public policy-making can be found numerous instances of public policy that, despite inefficiency , resist on termination, continue to survive and in addition to wasting public resources and disrupting bureaucratic structure, may Lead to aggravation of the problem. Given the importance of this issue, unfortunately, so far in the field of policy-making in our country, no coherent studies have been conducted on the phenomenon of public policy resistance. Therefore, due to the existing ambiguity, the purpose of this study is to explain the concept of "policy resistance" and determine its characteristics and features. Due to the richness of policy resistance theories, a qualitative research was used in this research. Also, semi-structured interviews were conducted with 11 experts from government organizations and institutions in the field of policy to collect data. Thematic analysis method was used to analyze the collected data. According to the Thematic Network, it was found that the resistance of public policies has 3 Global Themes , 11 organizing themes and 41 basic themes. Finally, using case study strategy to test the Thematic Network with objective facts. this network was adapted to the health system reform plan (as one of the policies resistant to termination).

The Sistan Plain for a long time has faced hazards of flood, drought and sandstorm. Also due to existence of abundant water resources it had been one of the important places for men’s placement. So far, no comprehensive study has been done on environmental hazards which would include ways to overcome or decrease their impacts in Achaemenid era. The present survey aims for studying the reciprocal relation between Achaemenid settlements and natural environment in areas based on environmental limitations. This research has been carried out through the descriptive- analytical- historical method using GIS software. After environmental conditions had been studied, variables types and distance from water resources, slope, soil type, Geology and wind were studied and the results indicate surface water resources effective role in settlements placement. The Water resources existence, gentle slope and consequently ease of waterflow down to plain and canals creation capacity to keep suitable distance to river and placement on Alluvial terrace to avoid flood hazards are among the factors turned area to population absorbing one despite shortage of aquifers and reliance on surface water resources. Being located on delta fans would lead to change of the direction of river canals, which causes relocations of settlements.

Nowadays, Public education is considered as a factor of development in societies. To reach development and progress, paying attention to public education and having a proper administration model is essential. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to provide a model for public education administration, using a governance approach. To achieve the main purpose of this research, after content analysis, themes from the review of theoretical literature, upstream documents and semi-structured interviews with experts, the technique of structural-interpretive equations was used to develop the model. In this study, to identify the research variables in the qualitative section, 15 general education experts were identified by snowball sampling method and interviewed until theoretical saturation was obtained. After identifying the initial indicators, the initial research model was extracted using the ISM questionnaire. The questionnaire was randomly given to 384 policy makers and education experts. Minimal squares method and Smart PLS software were used to analyze the data. The innovation of the research was due to the fact that a comprehensive view of the research prevailed and various sources of theoretical literature, upstream documents and expert opinions were used to analyze the themes. Finally, the research findings consisted of 11 main categories and 46 categories. The central themes of the designed model include institutional participation, internal participation, structural flexibility, content flexibility, environmental grading, useful mechanisms, coordination, content coherence, feedback and monitoring, executive technical system and infrastructure.

Discovery of the clay figurines of humped ox, animal dung remains and the abundant amount of ash layers from the Tepe Dasht that is one of the peripheral sites for the production of pottery for the Shahr -i Sokhta civilization have provided the context for the use of Ethnoarchaeology studies in Sistan. Using an archaeological approach and Ethnoarchaeological data from the dynamic communities of the contemporary villages, the authors relate them to the structure of the static communities of the past and seek information about the uses of this valuable animal among the natives of Sistan from the past to the present. The present research is based on fieldworks and library data and its method is naturally proportionate to an observational-experimental- historical research aimed to study the historical background of this issue and its continuation in the life of modern societies with emphasis on the evidence discovered from Shahr-i Sokhta and its peripheral sites such as Tepe Dasht, Rud Biayaban and Gradziani. Filed studies in the villages of this region show that although successive droughts in Sistan have diminished the cultivation of this native animal species, its role in subsistence economy, bringing labor force and fuel and feeding the inhabitants of this region will be significant If the right conditions and capacities become provided for breeding the Sistani humped ox.

Evaluate the performance of the employees of the human resource management tasks is proper assessment and provide appropriate feedback arising from the Ann improves the performance of the employees will, in the research ahead that such research is a quantitative method scrolling to examine the influence of variables anchors the system, assess performance, environmental factors, etc. bureaucracy system, administrative, policy, stakeholder on the performance of the calculus in system performance evaluation is presented, the research in the Ministry of Economic Affairs and finance is done, etc.Examples of activists and experts knowledgeable in the arena of the system of arithmetic country. the number of 137 people to the census have been selected for collecting the information from the questionnaire Is used. The study of causal relations between variables in the study used structural equation model .SPSS and SmartPLS software are used to implement minimal squares partial technique. By examining the coefficients of the path between the variables characterized anchors the greatest impact, and stakeholder highest impact on the performance of the system, accounting have.

For a long time, the Sistan Plain has been one of the important areas for men’s settlement due to abundant of water resources. However, this relation between water resources and settlements has not been comprehensively studied so far. Hence, the present survey aims to study the reciprocal relation between the Achaemenid settlements and natural environment in areas specially based on water component. The research has been carried out through the descriptive-analytical and historical method using GIS software. To reach the research goals after checking the environmental conditions, six variables including water resources types, distance from water resources, land slope, soil type, geology and settlements area were studied and the obtained results indicated the effective role of the surface water resources in settlement placement and extents. The presence of water resources, gentle land slopes and consequently ease of water flow down to the different areas of the plain, the potential to build branching canals to keep the suitable distance from the river which are the characteristics of alluvial fans, as well as settlement on the alluvial terrace to avoid flood hazards are among the factors which turned the area into population absorbing center despite the absence of aquifers and heavy dependence on surface water resources.

Over the past few decades, clear perspectives have emerged on the relationship between Indian and Mesopotamian civilization. Archaeological research reveals a number of trade routes, including sea and land routes, that connected Indian civilization to the Mesopotamian region via Iran, particularly the Persian Gulf and southeastern Iran. Although overland routes were the most important communication network in the first half of the third millennium BC, it seems that in the second half of the third millennium BC, maritime trade routes replaced overland routes, linking Indian civilization with Persian Gulf communities. This article pursues two goals: First, it assesses the importance of the Persian Gulf as a major route for long-distance trade between East and West. Second: shows the possible function of Lian (Bushehr) as an intermediary port on the shores of the Persian Gulf.

Capacity-building policies have been proposed in order to promote further flexibility, improve the performance of the organization's programs, and to meet the needs and expectations of the forever-changing population. The main purpose of this study is to identify higher education capacities and so the Thematic Analysis Method was employed to analyze the content. Fourteen key experts and academic chairpersons, who have managerial and research experience in this field, formed the research sample. Qualitative data was obtained by focusing on words, the close inspection, accuracy, description and interpretation of texts, and detailed interviews. Data analysis was performed by analogy, using the Thematic Analysis Method, and according to existing theories. In order to evaluate the adequacy of the thematic analysis, its theoretical validity was tested by receiving the opinions of experts and using them as a specialized committee, and using the Kappa Cohen coefficient. By reviewing and approving the members participating in the accreditation process and estimating the coefficient to be 0.768, it can be said that the research findings have the required credibility and can be trusted. According to the findings of this study, the twelve main factors which outline the capacity of higher education to meet society's expectations in individual, organizational and environmental areas are factors such as, knowledge, skills, competence, strategy, structure, system and process, culture, resources and infrastructure, judicial-political environment, socio-cultural environment, industry, and stakeholders. These factors are plotted by a network of themes.

The problem of jointly controlling relative attitude and position of spacecraft in the presence of actuator fault is investigated in this paper. Following a description about drawbacks and limitations of the existing models and the control approaches based on them, a new formulation of the spacecraft relative motion is provided. Subsequently, the subspace predictive control framework, which is a powerful model-free approach, is extended in several dimensions, that is, adaptive nonlinear control, tolerance against abrupt faults and control allocation. Based on this generalized framework, three distinct data-driven fault-tolerant controllers for coupled, nonlinear and time-variant plants are developed. From the viewpoint of fault diagnosis, the only requirement of the control structure is to detect the occurrence time of faults. Furthermore, an internal data-driven fault diagnosis capability is introduced, which makes the control structure completely self-sufficient. The three controllers are then designed to solve the aforementioned problem, and their efficiency are verified via a multidimensional simulation scenario.

In the formulation of Judiciary metapolicy, attention to implications of state metapoliceis is necessary to achieve horizontal alignment among all policies. Therefore, the goal of this research is to identify the implications of other state metapoliceis for judicial metapolicies. This research has been done by means of research marking.Accordingly, first, all 15 general policy lines of the system were collected for the general judicial policies between 1389 to 1396 as " signifier", and then, the implications of each metapoliceis line for the judicial system missions were identified as " signified". The results of the research are presented in 13 propositions by deleting the duplicate implications of other state metapoliceis for Judiciary metapolicy. Putting the duplicate implications together, the research results are set and organized in 13 propositions. Given the importance of prevention in the judiciary, the most important of these propositions sometimes include the attractive education of legal and judicial issues for the people (Development Popular culture and knowledge in the community), continuous promotion of judicial indicators, continuous improvement of the business environment and achievement of the first place in the region, an active role in the topic of "social harm".

In the contemporary literature of organization and public administration, the values ​​that guide organizational and managerial behaviors in the public sector have received much attention. This article seeks to assess the real (existing) status of public service values ​​as well as identify and rank the ideal public service values ​​for government and public organizations.

The research method used in this research was a descriptive survey which was collected through the questionnaire of opinions and views of 721 employees of public and private organizations who were selected by purposive sampling. Descriptive statistics were used to examine the demographic characteristics of the respondents and inferential statistical methods were used to analyze the data.

The findings showed that the public service values reflecting the traditions of public administration in the current (real) situation are lower than expected. Competence, Responsiveness, rule of law, transparency, accountability, integrity, productivity, preserve the public interest, equality and social justice and entrepreneurship were among the ten important values ​​that should be current and institutionalized in the minds of participants in government and public organizations.

Public administrators should periodically evaluate the values ​​of real public services in government and public organizations and, with the necessary planning, streamline and institutionalize the values ​​of public services expected and desired by citizens in government and public organizations.

Flow separation phenomena near root regions of wind turbine blades is one of the main factors of energy loss in these machines, and preventing it from taking place is considered impactful in efficiency increase for these systems. In this study, through utilization of a 2d incompressible CFD solver, 2D flow around the airfoils used near rout regions of a wind turbine has been analyzed. The governing equations have been considered to be solved through pressure-based and transient form. The RANS approach with k-ω SST turbulence model have been employed in order to solve the turbulence equations. Good agreement was observed with numerical results and experimental data. In the next step 11 different flow controlling designs have been devised and investigated; eventually, the final design meets the needs for flow separation control and lift to drag ratio increase. Then, the optimum design was tested with different angles of attack and the result demonstrated that the performance of the base airfoil has been ameliorated significantly. In comparison with the base case, 38% and 36% increases in lift and drag coefficients has been achieved respectively while the separation phenomena have been absolutely diminished.