فهرست مطالب مهدی مشفق

This research was aimed at developing a strategic allaince model for small and medium enterprises in software industry. The research method was exploratory mixed (qualitative and quantitative). In the qualitative section, after analyzing theoretical foundations and developing a conceptual model, Delphi method (a panel of 20 experts) was used for the theoretical confirmation of the model. In field analysis section, data were randomly collected from managers of 350 companies. Library method, Delphi panel and researcher-made questionnaire were used to collecting data. Validity and reliability of Delphi section as well as researcher-made questionnaire were calculated and confirmed. The Delphi panel qualitative analysis’ was done by coding and quantitative analysis was done by statistical analysis, also survey data were analyzed using Confirmed Factor Analysis and Structural Equation Modeling. After three stages of expert opinion poll, the Delphi analysis resulted in the theoretical confirmation of the strategic allaince model with 35 components in the form of five dimensions. In the following, the results of structural equation modeling based on field data showed that in the fitted strategic allaince model, the allainces propulsion has a positive effect on the selection of partners and the selection of partners has a positive effect on the design and implementation of the allaince. Also, the challenges of allaince as a mediator variable have a negative effect on the design and implementation of participation. Ultimately, the implementation and design of participation also have a positive effect on the outcomes of participation.

The research purpuse was to developing a qualitative model of strategic partnership for small and medium enterprises in the software industry. The research method was Descriptive-Analytic and has been done through Delphi teqnique. The Experts Panel of Delphi consists of 20 experts in the field of business management, entrepreneurship management, strategic management, and software industry that have been selected by snowball method. Delphi analysis was performed in three stages to collect data using semi-structured interviews and open and closed questionnaires. The validity of the data was controled and verified by using the Content Validity Ratio and the review and correction of the data by the experts’ panel. The reliability of the data was verified using Process Documentation. Qualitative data were categorized and analyzed using Open Coding and quantitative data were analyzed by statistical analysis with emphasis on data Frequency and Mean. The initial model extracted from the review of the existing scientific literature, after three stages of Delphi analysis, led to the development of a strategic partnership model with five dimensions; partnering propulsion (9 components), selection of partners (8 components), design and implementation of the partnership ( 6 components), partnership challenges (6 components) and partnership outcomes (6 components). The model and its pathes were also approved by the Panel of Experts.

Human T-Lymphotropic Virus Type 1–Associated Myelopathy، or Tropical Spastic Paraparesis (HAM/TSP) is a slowly progressive disease with characteristics such as spastic paralysis، sensory dysfunction in lower limbs and sphincteric dysfunction which infection with HTLV-1 virus is responsible for it. Clinical course of this disease is almost progressive and without treatment results in severe disability. Human T Lymphocytic Virus-type 1 which is endemic in north east of Iran، Khorasan، in 3% of carriers results in HTLV-1 Associated Myelopathy /Tropical Spastic Paraparesis. Although chronic inflammation of spinal cord seems to play a major role in the pathogenesis of this disease، immunomodulatory treatments have not shown significant improvement in this disorder. Since، different approaches such as prednisolone، danazol، plasma exchange and alfa interferon are used for treatment of this disease، although، these treatments were not completely successful and one distinct protocol was not proposed. As HTLV-1 infection is endemic in Khorasan، clinical studies about this disorder and its treatment is necessary.

Affection to Human T Lymphocytic Virus-type 1 (HTLV-1) in 3% of carriers results in HTLV-1 associated Myelopathy or Tropical Spastic Paraparesis (HAM/TSP) with motor، sensory and sphincteric signs. Although، chronic inflammation of spinal cord plays a critical role in this disease، immunomodulatory treatments could not show an acceptive improvement in its symptoms yet. This study was performed to evaluate the effect of sodium valproate، in combination with Peg-Interferon and prednizolone on clinical findings in patients with HAM/TSP. In a clinical trial study conducted between September and December 2012، HAM/TSP screening was done for patients referred to the neurology clinic of Qaem hospital، Mashhad. 10 patients with inclusion criteria were underwent a triple treatment with sodium valproate، Peg-Interferon and prednizolone for 3 months. The clinical signs were assessed with Osame motor disability scale، Ashworth spasticity scale and checklist of urinary signs، before and after the treatment. Pretreatment mean Osame scores in remaining 10 patients was 2. 4±1. 9، which improved 0. 8 in 70% of patients at the end of treatment (P=0. 003). Ashworth and urinary frequency scores also showed a significant improvement (P=0. 001، and P=0. 024 respectively). Our data revealed a significant improvement in motor disability and spasticity in undertreated patients. The authors have reached to a lower or same score of Osme criteria in each patient and higher improvement percentages of all studied population، if compared to IFN based mono-therapy studies. Therefore، the role of sodium valproate in improvement of motor signs in patients with HAM/TSP needs to more investigations.

Amygdal is a subcortical nucleus of limbic system that has a pivotal role in behavioral، vegetative and endocrine activities. Sexual dimporphism in some amygdale nuclei have been investigated. The aim of this study was to answer this query: does the total volume of amygdale nucleus differ in two sex morphometrically? This study was conducted on Adult wistar rats (male and female N=10 per group، 8weeks old، weight 240-260 gr). Brains were removed and fixed in formalin 10% and in 10 µm sections were prepared by microtome. After staining with cresyl violet 1% the boundary of amygdal was defined and its volume calculated with cavalieri method The volume of amygdala nucleus was estimated 2. 07 ± 0. 12mm3 in male rats and 1. 57± 0. 11 mm3 in female rats (P<0. 05). Based on our finding the total volume of amygdala nucleus in male rats is larger than those of female rats that suggest the sexual dimorphism of amygdala nucleus between tow genders. These findings may have implications for developmental studies dimorphisms in human amygdala.

The assessment of people’s performance and appraisal of their work and services in order to recognize the strengths and weaknesses of their performance is an age-old practice. A glimpse at books written on human resources management indicates that most thinkers and management experts believe that before making any important decisions such as promotion, pay rise, allocation of bonuses, educational planning, formulating development and optimization plans, transfers, as well as appointments and dismissal, organizations should first evaluate their staff and assess their ability, skill, behavior, merits, performance, as well as potential and active capacities, on the basis of suitable criteria.Among various methods used for assessing the performance of employees, behavior observation scale (BOS) provides a comprehensive outlook for abilities, job specifications, behavior and qualifications of various individuals. Therefore, the current study aims to answer the question that whether the assessment of staff performance according to BOS method can improve their performance. The main assumption of the study is the existence of a meaningful relationship between the performance assessment according to the behavior observation scale and the improvement in performance, which has been subdivided into four subordinate assumptions. The study results at Imam Sadeq (AS) University have shown that the four subordinate assumptions of this study, which include proving existence of a meaningful relationship between performance assessment according to BOS and the performance improvement indicators, are confirmed.