فهرست مطالب مهدی کمالی

Stagnation of companies leads to tax, insurance and banking arrears, adjustment and unemployment of human resources, decrease in value and credit of the company, decrease in the value of the company's brand, intensification of partners' differences and legalization of company's issues, acquisition of company's assets by non-specialists,... and finally, the added value of the sub-sectors will decrease and production and economic growth will decrease. In order to realize the economic slogans announced by the Supreme Leader (Madazla Al-Ali) during the last few years, the strategies for revitalizing stagnant mining and industrial companies (with many previous and previous connections) should be examined. Therefore, the aim of the current research is to formulate a strategy for revitalizing stagnant mining and industrial companies. Therefore, the current research is based on the purpose of a survey and descriptive relationship investigation. For this purpose, through the method of hierarchical analysis as well as the study of related documents, a conceptual model for the revival of stagnant mining and industrial companies from the group of mining, chemical, textile (clothing and cellulose), food and metal industries with the opinion of 400 experts and stakeholders of this group were defined and compiled. Based on the results of the research, using hierarchical analysis for each group of industries, strategies for revival such as debt reorganization, transfer of management, financing, identification of new markets, sale of surplus assets, etc. were identified and prioritized..

Today, social capital can be considered as a suitable platform for exploiting human and physical capital. In fact, social capital shows the importance of the role of social structures and relationships between people on development variables of all dimensions. Therefore, the purpose of this research is to investigate the impact of social capital on human development indicators in OPEC member countries by using the econometric model of generalized moments during the period of 2007-2021. The research findings indicate that a one percent increase in social capital has led to a 0.05 percent increase in the human development index. Also, the variables of life expectancy, government size, and economic growth have led to an increase in human development during the investigated period. Therefore, it is recommended that in the OPEC oil exporting countries, instead of paying attention to the rentier activities that lead to the destruction of the economy, the governments should focus on the development of social capital.herefore, the purpose of this research is to investigate the impact of social capital on human development indicators in OPEC member countries by using the econometric

What is important today in various markets, including health tourism, The existence of a Loyal tourist is because the cost of finding a new tourist is more than 1 times the Maintenance of a loyal tourist . on the hand, the main research that has been done. In the Field of health tourism demand so far, It has focused on the number of tourists as a Dependent variable. In addition, in all functions of health tourism, the issue of Heterogeneity of tourists in the study of tourism demand has not been considered.

Therefore, this study aims to estimate the tourism demand by land management areas. According to 3tourist land management areas in this article, which include area (Gilan, Mazandaran, Golestan and Semnan), Region (East Azerbaijan, West Azerbaijan, Ardabil And Kurdistan), Region (Hamedan, Kermanshah, Lorestan and Ilam), Region (Isfahan, Chaharmahal and Bakhtiari, and Khuzestan) Region (Fars, Bushehr, Kohgiluyeh and Boyer-Ahmad), Region (Tehran, Qom and Alborz), Region (Zanjan, Qazvin and Markazi), Region (Yazd, Kerman, Sistan and Baluchestan and Hormozgan), And Region (South Khorasan, Razavi Khorasan and North Khorasan) Therefore, the Purpose of this study is to estimate the sensitivity of health tourism in land management Areas (except area5) using the model of Glinus et al. ( ).

According to the results of The research, the data of which were extracted from the questionnaires of foreign tourists, In all areas there is the highest sensitivity to costs.

Due to the impact of high tourism Sensitivity to costs such as transportation and travel costs, Cost of ccommodation and the Cost of health services in tourism demand Prevention and the impact of relative prices (Exchange rates), Accommodation fee, treatment fee and service price, Develop and Increase domestic services at a lower cost than foreign competitors by the government.

The existence of stagnant enterprises in Isfahan province, like other provinces of the country, has been raised as a problem, and therefore, in order to realize the economic slogans announced by the Supreme Leader (Madazleh Al-Aali) during the last few years, the revival of stagnant economic units should be investigated and analyzed be placed. This research seeks to examine and analyze the pathology of the revival of stagnant and semi-active economic units in Isfahan province and specifically targets the pathology of the process of revitalization of industrial and mining units of this province. For this purpose, through questionnaires and interviews with experts, as well as studying related documents, a conceptual model for stagnant industrial units from mineral, chemical, textile (clothing and cellulose), food and metal industry groups was defined and compiled. According to the results of the research, it includes external and uncontrollable factors as well as internal and controllable factors on the non-revival of industrial units. Also, for each group of industries, strategies for revival such as debt reorganization, transfer of management, financing, identification of new markets, sale of excess assets have been suggested and prioritized using hierarchical analysis.

The purpose of the current research is to investigate the effect of the Covid-19 (Corona) epidemic on production inflation (as a pressure on business). For this purpose, the data of the years 1360-1400 and autoregression models with distribution breaks (ARDL) and error correction (ECM) have been used. Based on the obtained results, Corona and economic sanctions have led to an increase in production inflation (as an obstacle for business) in the investigated period. Also, for each unit increase in liquidity and real exchange rate, production inflation (as an obstacle to business) will increase by 1.9 and 0.7 units, respectively. According to the findings of the research, the anti-inflationary effect related to the educational expenses of businesses has been effective in reducing the pressure on businesses simultaneously and intermittently. In addition, for every one unit increase in per capita income, the pressure on businesses decreased by 0.8 units. According to the findings, the speed of reaching the balance will be 51%, which shows that 51% of the short-term imbalance error is adjusted convergently in each period.

The statistics, although different, indicate the fact that a significant number of the country's economic units with large capitals are stagnant or semi-active for various reasons. Stagnation of companies has destructive effects, such as increasing financial debt and creating tax, insurance and bank arrears, adjustment and unemployment of human resources, reducing the value and credibility of the company, reducing the value of the company's brand, intensifying the dispute between partners, and legalizing issues. The company's assets will be acquired by non-specialists and... The existence of stagnant enterprises in Isfahan province is also a problem like in other provinces of the country, it should be noted that there is no comprehensive and local model in the field of revitalizing stagnant economic enterprises, so the issue should be Therefore, this research seeks to investigate the financial methods of reviving the stagnant and semi-active industrial and mining units of the province. In line with the financial methods of revival, the ranking of new methods of revival was done using the opinions of 105 beneficiaries of stagnant companies and 237 experts in the field of financing. Based on the results of the model based on the output of Export Choices software. In twenty groups, the priority of the methods was obtained, based on which the three priority methods for the revival of stagnant and semi-active companies in Isfahan province are: 1- Equipment and reconstruction, ownership, and 2- Exploitation, construction, exploitation, paying rent to investors and Transfer and 3- Mutual sale

The watershed as a planning and management unit considering all socio-economic, physical, ecological, technical and organizational dimensions, has been accepted by the scientific community, which is being damaged and degraded due to the stresses caused especially by climate change and human activities. In such a way that climate  and land use change, damage to biological diversity, inceasing waste water and soil erosion along with many other issues indicate inappropriate human intervention. Therefore, the effective management of watersheds requires understanding the connections between its different components and dynamics in order to achieve the desired output. Apparently, the most fundamental step in watershed management plans is to recognize the potential threats to find out their causes and, as a result, identify the main management solutions. Therefore, before formulating work plans, it is necessary to investigate the root of the threats and determine the management scenarios.

The purpose of this research is to determine the management options using the DPSIR approach, which first identifies the problems of the watershed and then provides management responses. In this approach, the investigated components are driving forces, pressure, situation, impact, response and the relationship between them. Prioritizing the components through the preparation of a Likert scale questionnaire based on a descriptive-analytical study, library studies, holding meetings with experts, watershed residents, village councils, asking questions, discussing, exchanging opinions, visiting the area and the use of Friedman's test has been done.

The findings of the research show that five effective driving forces in the watershed have caused 12 influential pressures, which have resulted in four situations and nine important effects that have resulted in 18 responses. Moreover, the result shows that out of the five influential driving forces in the watershed, the development of orchards and agriculture and climate change are the most important and influential factors with an average rating of 3.74 and 3.16, respectively, which cause pressure on the watershed and reduce the natural vegetation of the area. Overgrazing, excessive exploitation of water and soil resources are important pressures that lead to increasing soil erosion, flooding, and also a decrease in water yeild of the region, which will result in a decrease in fodder production, habitat destruction, and increase in the living costs of the communities in the watershed area. Therefore, the response to these components, including the consequences and pressures, and consistent management practices can provide promising results in improving the watershed, environment, and current communities.

The results of providing educational and extension programs of natural resources behavior, employment generation and creating alternative jobs, watershed management measures at the with an average rating of 12.7, 12.16 and 12.04 were the most important solutions in this research

Economic growth and development is one of the goals that every economy pursues and the reason for this is many benefits that accomplish economic growth. Therefore, in the seventh development plan, like other previous ones, the issue of growth and development must be taken into account. In this regard, special attention should be paid to the concept of land management and sub-sectors that have advantages such as tourism. Tourism as the fourth most lucrative industry in the world, has high economic and social benefits, the development of which is one of the least costly methods of economic growth in the Seventh Development Plan. And since Iran is one of the top 10 countries in the world in terms of tourist attractions and one of the top 15 countries in terms of tourism diversity and one of the top 8 in the world in terms of diversity of handicrafts whereas in terms of climate diversity on the one hand and the existence of unique historical and cultural sites on the other, it is one of the few countries that has an absolute advantage in attracting world tourism. Therefore, in this article, the effect of foreign tourism on the economic growth of Iran's provinces in general and the separation of 9 land management zones in particular were studied to be proposed as an important sub-section in the seventh plan with respect to impact and the possibility of policy-making for planned areas. To achieve this, the data panel method and quarterly data collected from the Statistics Center of Iran and the Cultural Heritage Organization during 2011 to 2018 were used. The results showed that tourism has had a positive and significant effect on economic growth in most provinces of Iran. The highest effect is in areas 4 and 5 and the least effect is in areas 8 and 9 of land management, respectively. Therefore, special attention should be paid to capacity building in this sub-section in the seventh plan.

Part of the Asās al-Eqtebās, like many other books of logic in the Islamic scholarship, is devoted to the art of poetry. These books are largely based on Aristotle’s Poetics, and therefore the contents therein of the part on poetry are mostly adapted from this philosopher’s book of Poetics. However, the process of translation (from Greek into Syriac, from the latter into Arabic and from Arabic into Persian), the commentaries and summaries of the Poetics as well as the unfamiliarity of translators and commentators with the subject matter of the book (the dramatic poetry of ancient Greece), have caused the material taken from the Poetics to become outlandish and sometimes erroneous. The word shahnah in the section on poetry in the Asās al-Eqtebās is a misreading of sahnah meaning look and colour of the face, being an incorrect rendering of the Greek word prosopon denoting “mask” in Greek theatre. Also, the expression akhz be wojuh in the Asās al-Eqtebās is an incorrect translation of the Greek word hypokrisis that means playing role, its agent noun  being hypokrites which denotes “dramatic role player”. As the artists in ancient Greek theatres always wore masks, this word is probably related to dramatic mask. Both expressions (sahnah and prosopon) have found their way from Avicenna’s book of Shefā into Asās al-Eqtebās.

Comprising medical and health (prevention) types of tourism, health tourism is of great importance for Iran, considering the country’s potential medical capabilities (the presence of qualified practicing physicians and extensive medical and treatment facilities) and appropriate natural health resources (such as hot springs, salt domes, salt lakes, and Mud therapy facilities). Moreover, the capacity of health tourism in terms of foreign exchange earnings is more than three times than that of ordinary international tourism. However, despite its great capacities, Iran has a modest share of the health tourism market, the increase in which requires the assessment of the elasticity of health tourism demand from the Middle East in terms of the relevant effective factors. Therefore, this study sought to find answers to the following basic questions: 1- What are the factors affecting the demand for health tourism? 2- What is the elasticity of the demand for health tourism in terms of such factors? To this end, this study assessed the demand for health tourism using the Almost Ideal Demand System (AIDS) and the simultaneous equation Model. Moreover, a questionnaire was administered to 182 tourists coming from the Persian Gulf countries to express their opinion regarding health tourism and estimate the elasticity of health tourism demands in terms of relevant effective factors. The results of the AIDS estimations revealed that the price elasticity of health tourism demand was greater than one, while the price elasticity of other products and accommodation services was less than one. Moreover, it was found that the elasticity of health tourists' demand from Iran belonged to significant variables such as the tourist’s income level, visa validity, expenses, exchange rate variations, and the inflation rate.

Extended Abstract
Among different areas of tourism, health tourism has received a lot of attention due to creating threefold currency compared to other types of tourism, capabilities and competitive advantages. Advances and medical achievements and the high level of health care equipment in Iran have created new possibilities and opportunities for the field of medical tourism. Iran due to its specialized doctors, low treatment costs, natural resources and suitable climate, proximity to Arab countries and similarity of culture and dialect with some neighboring countries have advantages in the field of attracting medical tourists from these countries despite the obstacles and weaknesses such as the presence of competitors in the region. Iran's share of the health tourism market is small despite its high capacity for medicine and healthcare. Therefore, Iran, as one of the regions and centers of medical tourism in the world, has potential therapeutic and medical capacities.
 
The research area includes four tourism zones with comparative medical advantage, according to the report of land use planning (2018). These 4 zones of land use planning include zone 2 (West Azerbaijan, East Azerbaijan, Ardabil and Kurdistan), zone 4 (Isfahan, Chaharmahal and Bakhtiari and Khuzestan), zone 6 (Tehran, Qom and Alborz), and zone 9 (South, North and Razavi Khorasan). Medical tourism demand was estimated by the Almost Ideal Demand. According to the studies of Walsh (1996), Uysal and Crampton (1984) due to insufficient access to data, problems related to compound alignment, etc., the factors affecting the tourist were selected separately for medical tourism demand in areas with medical system. Based on the Almost Ideal Demand, ten effective factors on the demand of medical tourism in zones with a medical system, including services and visa duration, relative prices (exchange rates), disposable personal income, entry and exit regulations and facilities, political and communication conditions with Iran, cost of accommodation, cost of treatment, waiting time for service, physician reputation and specialization were estimated. A random sample of 183 foreign tourists was selected by referring to the relevant customs.
 
According to the opinion of 183 foreign medical tourists in four zones od land use planning, the sensitivity of medical tourism demand to effective factors and types of medical tourism expenditures is measured. The results in all four medical tourism zones indicate the sensitivity of foreign tourists to various macro factors such as inflation and exchange rates. In addition, the variables of service and duration of visa, rules and facilities of entry and exit, political and communication conditions with Iran, cost of accommodation, cost of treatment, waiting time for service and the reputation of the doctor and special expertise all affect the tourist demand. Also, foreign tourists are highly sensitive to the costs and expenses of treatment in Iran and less sensitive to other costs such as accommodation and other expenses. All variables are at a stable level, so the level values of the variables were used to estimate the model in different regions, and out of 42 estimated parameters, 23 parameters were significant at the 95% confidence level. And since, according to Durbin-Watson statistics and the White test, all relationships have no autocorrelation and variance inequality, so the results are reliable. Therefore, the statistically significant coefficients indicate the sensitivity of tourists' demand to the corresponding variables of significant coefficients such as price, expenditure, exchange rate, inflation and so on. In other words, the significance of price coefficients for medical goods and services implies that the government can use these variables as a tool to achieve its economic goals in order to strengthen medical tourism.
 
Based on the results of estimating the almost ideal demand model for medical health tourism and considering the positive sign of the variable coefficient of tourists' opinions about the exchange rate and its significance in relation to the demand for medical services, it can be seen that an increase in the exchange rate leads to an increase the demand for medical services. Achieving this result based on trade theories such as Heckcher-Ohlin theory and the law of gravity is not far from expectation, and in fact this has led to cheaper Iranian domestic goods for foreigners, which is a tourist pull factor under the law of gravity. Based on the results of estimating the almost ideal medical tourism demand model and considering the negative sign of the variable coefficient of tourists' opinions about the waiting time for receiving services and its significance in relation to medical demand, it can be seen that increasing the growth of the health sector and service facilities, faster leads to an increase in demand for medical services. According to the results in all zones of land use planning, medical tourism demand is sensitive to service quality and visa duration, entry and exit regulations and facilities, political and communication conditions with Iran, cost of accommodation, cost of treatment, waiting time to receive services and doctor reputation and specialty. This means that foreign medical tourists who come to Iran are sensitive to the cost and quality of services in terms of income level and demand. In other words, the estimate indicates that the actual demand for medical services for foreigners is a necessary and non-luxury demand and therefore, increasing costs or reducing the quality of services will lead to a sharp decline in this demand.

In Persian language, there are poems which are merely made of long syllable. These poems are of two types: 1- A verse or line which its scansion meter turned to be a string of long syllables because of its Taskin license; whereas its standard meter should be found out through studying other sections of the poem. These scansion meters are free variant of the other meters. Syllabification in these poems is done based on standard meter. If two different verses of this type, each of them being free variant of another meter, have an equal length, so phonetic characteristic, which distinguishes the meter of these two verses, is foot stress. This stress is placed in the latest, long, non-final syllable of foot; and its nature is non-linguistic. 2- Poems which are originally made of only long syllable. The meter of such poems cannot be considered as free variant of another meter; their being rhythmic is resulted from their syllabification based on the length and boundary of words in such a way that the boundary of foot is usually coincident with the boundary of the word; and by an alteration in the length and syllabification of the words, their meter will also change. Phonetic characteristic, which makes it possible for foots to be identified, is the stress on the first syllable of each foot. Stress unifies some syllables together and differentiates them from other syllables as well as converting them to one foot; and meter is determined according to the number of syllables of foot.

Health tourism is of great importance due to its high capacity to earn foreign exchange and Iran's potential in the field of medicine, as well as the existence of suitable natural resources (hot springs and salt domes, salt water lakes and sludge treatment facilities). However, Iran's share of the health tourism market is small, despite its high capacity. Therefore, measuring the sensitivity of foreign health tourism demand in different regions of Iran to effective factors is necessary to increase Iran's share of foreign health tourism. Therefore, in this study, using the almost ideal demand (AIDS) with the help of the system of simultaneous equations, the health tourism demand function is estimated. For this purpose, using the questionnaire, the opinion of 216 foreign tourists in the two fields of medical tourism (medical) and prevention (health) has been obtained and it has been estimated using the system of simultaneous equations. According to the results of the near-ideal demand estimate, the price elasticity of health tourism demand (both treatment and prevention) is greater than one, while the price elasticity of other goods and accommodation services is less than one. Also, according to the sensitivity results of health tourists' demand (separately for treatment and prevention), the corresponding variables are significant coefficients such as tourist income, visa duration, price, expenses, exchange rate changes, inflation rate in Iran. In the field of medical tourism demand, the variables of waiting time for receiving services, physician reputation and specialty and in the field of health tourism demand, the variables of accommodation quality, level of medical capacities, level of cooperation between tourism agencies and medical centers and health tourism facilities They have been influential in health tourism demand.

Flood is one of the natural hazards that causes numerous financial and life damages each year. Therefore, flood potential prioritizing is crucial to reduce the damages caused by it. The aim of this study was to evaluate the efficiency of the Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) in flood potential prioritizing of Barajin sub-catchments. So, flood potential of sub-catchments was determined using AHP and the results are compared with the outputs of the HEC-HMS model as observed data. The results showed that in addition to full compliance of the two maps, there is a significant correlation (0.9299 and 0.934) between flooding potential ranks and peak flood discharge ranks with the return periods of 25 and 50 years of sub-catchments. The weights of AHP were also showed that in the flood of sub-catchments, generally, hydro-climatic criteria (weight = 0.65) is more important than morphometric criteria (weight = 0.35); and the rainfall intensity is the most important sub-criteria (weight = 0.373). Based on the final ranking, sub-catchments of 5, 3, and 4 that are located in upland and mountainous areas, have high flood potential due to the high weight of tow sub-criteria, one rainfall intensity, and the other 25-years rainfall. The results of this study could be a good guide for controlling floods of the study area in addition to understanding the processes governing the watershed.

Various demographic, economic, geographical and regional factors and lifestyle affect health tourism.Given the potential of Iran as one of the health tourism regions and hubs of the world, it is necessary to know the factors affecting health tourism attraction in different parts of Iran.In this dissertation, considering the available statistics, two groups of health tourism areas including areas with medical tourists and areas with health tourists from foreign tourists were examined.Based on the field method and hierarchical analysis, it was concluded that the first 10 factors affecting the demand for medical tourism in the areas of medical and medical system are:Visa services and terms, relative prices (exchange rates), amount of personal income disposable, entry and exit rules and conditions and political and communication conditions with Iran, cost of living, treatment costs, waiting time for service, doctor's reputation and specialty, and The first 10 factors affecting the demand for preventive tourism in areas with natural resources and appropriate climate are: Relative prices (exchange rates), transportation and travel costs, medical facilities, standard accommodation, health tourism facilities, accommodation costs, the cost of health services, the amount of disposable personal income, entry and exit regulations and facilities Between tourism agencies and medical centers. What they find in examining the factors affecting tourism in different regions is the high importance of tourism costs and quality of services that should be considered by policy makers.

In Persian language, there are poems which are merely made of long syllable. These poems are of two types: 1- A verse or line which its scansion meter turned to be a string of long syllables because of its Taskin license; whereas its standard meter should be found out through studying other sections of the poem. These scansion meters are free variant of the other meters. Syllabification in these poems is done based on standard meter. If two different verses of this type, each of them being free variant of another meter, have an equal length, so phonetic characteristic, which distinguishes the meter of these two verses, is foot stress. This stress is placed in the latest, long, non-final syllable of foot; and its nature is non-linguistic. 2- Poems which are originally made of only long syllable. The meter of such poems cannot be considered as free variant of another meter; their being rhythmic is resulted from their syllabification based on the length and boundary of words in such a way that the boundary of foot is usually coincident with the boundary of the word; and by an alteration in the length and syllabification of the words, their meter will also change. Phonetic characteristic, which makes it possible for foots to be identified, is the stress on the first syllable of each foot. Stress unifies some syllables together and differentiates them from other syllables as well as converting them to one foot; and meter is determined according to the number of syllables of foot.

Turnip curly top virus (TCTV) is a type member of the genus Turncurtovirus previously reported from Iran. TCTV has a wide host range among vegetables and weeds. In this study, the TCTV infection of the symptomatic jimsonweed (Datura stramonium L.) showing general yellowing, severe curling and cup-shaped leaves was confirmed by PCR. Full-length genome of this isolate was amplified using combination of the PCR and rolling circle amplification (RCA) and cloned into the pJET1.2 vector. Resulted nucleotide sequence indicated that the jimsonweed isolate of TCTV shares maximum and minimum identities (85.8-99.2%) with turnip and radish isolates of TCTV, respectively. In spite of high similarity between full-length nucleotide sequence of jimsonweed and several GenBank isolates, predicted rep protein of the jimsonweed isolate has an additional 14 amino acid residues at the N-terminal. Among five TCTV strains, the jimsonweed isolate was classified in the strain C with turnip and leafhopper isolates of the virus. Results of this study again confirm wide host range of turncurtoviruses in weeds and the role of wild species in infection of vegetables.

Most poets and writers in Iranian culture have used a lot of "exemplum" as a rhetorical element, because exemplum regardless that to be based on a famous story or habit or to be simply a wise, well-meaning and well-worded sentence has great persuasive power. Hakim Abolqasem Ferdowsi, like other poets, expresses the exemplum inShahnameh in various occasions by awareness of a persuasive power that lies in a variety of exemplums, and he interprets it as "storytelling". In this paper, the quality of these "storytelling" has been examined through descriptive-analytical method. To do this, we first have introduced different meanings of the word "storytelling" in Shahnameh, and then, based on the couplets that this word has been used in them in the meaning of the expression of the exemplum, we have tried to show that Ferdowsi often uses of this persuasive strategy at the time of hidden or obvious inconsistency or dissonance of events of the story, or the speech, or the act, or the verdict of the characters with the vote of the exemplum and rhetorical speaker, and in most cases, the appearance of the exemplum is for this reason that a word, an event, an adventure, a decision, a condition or an opinion, a belief and the behavior way that is not acceptable to be changed, and its speaker identifies that if he sees fit, to be expressed in the form of an exemplum which is the result of collective wisdom of predecessors, will have a greater impact.
Ferdowsi also pursues various purposes such as punishment, annulment, reverence; strengthen the spirit, and weakening the spirit of narrating these exemplums.
Although the most of storytelling in Ferdowsi's Shahnameh is accompanied by the announcement of the speaker, and he states, aside from the exemplum, there are examples in which they narrating the exemplum is done without news. There are other examples that the wise word is quoted from the wise human and is the basis for decision making and practice. This wise word is in fact the same exemplum, and in terms of content and status of appearance, has no difference with the words that have been referred to as their being sample, and the only difference is that there is no mention of the phrase "storytelling" .
The present paper, these mentioned results have been obtained by examining the story telling technique in Ferdowsi's Shahnameh; the results that have no history in the field of rhetorical researches of Shahnameh, and can be effective in identifying the art of this famous poet and the his poetry style.