فهرست مطالب مهسا رزاقی

The current research has analyzed the relationship between nature and architecture with a semiotic approach based on the originality of meaning, due to the fact that nowadays the appearance and form of architectural works have seen tremendous changes; Therefore, this is the result of a kind of human attitude towards nature and, in parallel, towards buildings. Signs provide a representation of the world, sometimes with a symbolic representation. During the design process, the architect is always faced with the problem of turning a concept into an architectural body. In fact, architecture always implies a concept, so to understand the meaning that the architectural building is erected to manifest; It is necessary to understand the primary concept that created it through understanding the relationship between the concept, as "sign" and architecture as "signified", through the knowledge of semiotics. So, understanding the difference between the types of signs and their degrees in architecture helps us to know how to use semiotics for the architectural embodiment of the desired concepts based on them and the existing architectural examples. Architecture as a meaning is a reflection of ideas and values that to understand and receive its meanings, one should seek help from the science of signs, and since this science originates from philosophy, then it should be read from a philosophical point of view. be decoded. For the first time, it was possible to recognize the influence of semiotic design in architecture because this year the book (Learn from Las Vegas) was published by Robert Venturi and his colleagues. In this book, he dealt more with the sociological and populist critique of modernism, and the concepts and semiotics were a suitable methodological support and background for it. Venturi and his colleagues are inspired by traditions and local and typical building, and in Las Vegas they discover and believe in the dynamic interplay between signs and textures. In fact, the architectural text encodes and its metatext opens, and this is important for hermeneutics. Basically, hypertext is the meaning created by the reader (viewer). Therefore, it can be said that according to each reader (viewer), metatext is available. Each work creates its own world of special signs and creates its own meaning, and therefore it is an ambiguous reality. In fact, every sign in the mind of the audience is a case of interpretation, and therefore we are always faced with different interpretations of every work of art. It seems that the art of Iranian architecture was formed with the principles of semiotics, especially based on the originality of meaning. Therefore, the purpose of this research is to prove the existence of signs based on the originality of meaning in Iranian architecture. In order to achieve this, a basic question is raised that why is it necessary to study Iranian architecture and nature and on what basis are they analyzed from the semiotic point of view. The research method of this article is of the theoretical type, which used the descriptive-analytical and historical method with qualitative variables and logical and philosophical reasoning in the data collection stage. The data collection tool used in the theoretical foundations section was library studies, which included the use of books, magazines, articles, publications, research projects, and internet searches. The purpose of using these methods is to use the latest available information related to the subject under study. In the first step of this research, in order to codify the analysis, categories were first made about the generalities of the selected buildings so that by analyzing them, the concepts and signs used in them can be obtained, and then by coding and primary classification, Concepts are extracted at three levels: explicit meanings, implicit meanings and symbolic meanings. to compile analyses; The generalities and structures of the studied building have been made in the five systems of text creation and by analyzing them, the concepts and signs used in them have been obtained, and then by coding and categorizing the concepts in three semantic levels, explicit, implicit and symbolic; has been extracted. In different eras of Iran's architectural history, we see the construction of works of historical-local value that had semantic approaches. Among these works is the tomb of the Islamic period, which is one of the most important buildings in the field of Islamic culture in Islamic lands, which was built for the public or special people. Contemporary built tombs in different cities are only an imitation of the past and most young designers do not even know the reasons for their physical size, let alone their decorations and details, and not only do they not have sufficient knowledge of semiotics. Rather, with misplaced use and superficial encounters, they also mislead their audience in correctly recognizing symbols and signs and different meanings of the meanings used in famous works of the past. Therefore, in this research, we studied the interaction of nature and architecture in Shah Nematullah Vali Mausoleum in Mahan Kerman, due to the simultaneous presence of a garden and an architectural building, with a semiotic approach based on the originality of meaning, and examined their relationship with the surrounding nature and environment. data to understand the secrets of their builders in that golden age and transfer them to contemporary architecture. Therefore, since the subject under discussion is the study of the interaction of nature and architecture in Iran, the tomb of Shah Nematullah Vali has been chosen because of its suitable conditions for proper coding.The results of the research indicate that the creator or creators of this work have been trying to reflect the aesthetic concepts of their contemporary era in addition to paying attention to the desired functional aspects in the design and at the same time recreate the spiritual concepts in the form of architectural works and also In addition to paying attention to the social and religious needs of users, they should create a magnificent and unique work in their time. So it can be seen that in Iranian architecture, the presence of signs and meanings hidden in them have been used to design buildings.

The present research has studied the architecture of nomads with a semiotic approach based on the originality of meaning. Architecture as a meaning is a reflection of ideas and values that to understand and receive its meanings, one should seek help from the science of signs, and since this science originates from philosophy, then it should be read from a philosophical point of view. be decoded. The science of semiotics and semantics are closely related to each other today. Basically, the sign represents semantic concepts; While the meaning can be seen in the sign. It is the same in the field of architectural knowledge, and for a better understanding of the relationship between architecture and the science of semiotics, it is necessary to pay attention to these two sciences and the relationship between them. But the most important category in the field of semantics is to pay attention to different levels of meanings, which in this research were divided into three types of explicit, implicit and symbolic meanings. In order to achieve the goal of the research, the coding of signs was used after layering the residential complex in five levels of construction, environment, access, physical-functional and landscape, and then each part was analyzed separately at different levels of meaning. took Basically, nomadic architecture itself is composed of various layers that convey signs in the form of meanings and concepts to the observer and observer through the layers. It seems that the art of nomadic architecture in the design of tents and the creation of sometimes temporary residences; It is formed with the principles of semiotics, especially based on the originality of meaning. Therefore, the purpose of this research is to prove the existence of signs in the residential complex of nomadic people based on the originality of meaning in nomadic architecture. In order to achieve this goal, questions are raised as to why it is necessary to study nomadic settlements and on what basis they are analyzed from a semiotic point of view. The research method of this research is of the theoretical type, which used the descriptive-analytical and historical method with qualitative variables and logical and philosophical reasoning in the data collection stage. to compile analyses; The generalities and structures of the studied collection have been made in the five systems of text creation, and by analyzing them, the concepts and signs used in them have been obtained, and then by coding and classifying the concepts in three semantic levels, explicit and implicit. and symbolic; has been extracted. Therefore, since the subject under discussion is studying the design of temporary settlements of nomadic tribes in Iran, the Qashqai nomadic tribe has been chosen due to having suitable conditions for coding. The results of the research indicate that temporary nomadic settlements, in addition to paying attention to the desired functional aspects in design, have tried to reflect spiritual and aesthetic concepts in the form of residential architecture. Therefore, it can be seen that in the architecture of nomadic tribes, the presence of signs and meanings hidden in them have been used to design temporary settlements.

Since ancient times, especially in Iranian cities, the market has been the main structure of the city and an urban interactive space in important economic, social and political fields. In such a way that it connected at least two main gates of the city, and parallel to that, urban neighborhoods were formed and gave a special order to the city. In recent decades, with the unmeasured development of cities, their physical form has been lost. The basic question of the research is related to how to explain the order of Islamic markets based on transic urban spatial theories. this research aims to provide a proposal to solve the problems caused by this chaotic structure; It has tried to help in the physical regeneration and revitalization of cities, and at the same time, it has increased the comfort and peace of the citizens. In order to study more deeply the morphology of the traditional market, a comparative study has been done between the two markets of Zanjan and Istanbul from two Islamic countries based on the theory of the transic lost space. This research was in the form of combined methods (historical-analytical and comparative) and the data collection tool used in the theoretical foundations section was in the form of library studies. The results of the research indicate that a market in the traditional cities of Iran acted like an urban armature and had the role of ordering and placing important urban elements such as mosques, schools, baths, etc. In addition to these, the market in Iran is a large complex that has other small subcategories such as hosseiniyehs, mosques, takayas, baths, caravanserais, etc., while Turkish markets do not have a predetermined geometric shape and are without Planning has grown only with the development of the city and the needs of the people, and in parallel, caravanserais, khans, shops, etc. have been built, and the result is a disorderly plan for the market. The results of this research can provide solutions for urban designers and architects in recreating urban routes and revitalizing neighborhoods.