مهسا صدیقی

in this study, by explaining the different dimensions of social media (Twitter ), influential factors in media diplomacy were investigated to pass through the crises of the oil and energy fields (tenth and 11th of the presidency). the necessity of discussion is to explain the pathology in this area of media diplomacy in the realm of network media.the main question is to find influential factors of social media (twitter )in media diplomacy in the crises of the oil and energy fields (the tenth and eleventh of the presidency), what functional and what function can they have to pass through similar crises? Because research is exploratory, the hypothesis is not presented to report facts without bias. this research has been done using Q method for classification and scoring to the statements obtained from the literature. The statistical community comprises about 40 influential people in the area of social media at the elite level in public and private organizations as the results show that the most important influential factors affecting social media (Twitter )are economic crises facing the political crisis in the area of oil and energy. The dominant mind pattern shows that the most important factor in social networks is the news source that feeds off overseas networks, and this can only be done by answering and directly entering people in charge of oil and energy in social networks such as Twitter

Bacterial infections are a major cause of chronic infections and mortality, and antibiotics are the preferred treatment for bacterial infections. However, studies show that widespread use of antibiotics has led to the emergence of multidrug-resistant bacterial strains. Hence, the need to develop new and alternative strategies for the production of effective drugs has become an important issue. Recently, the use of nanotechnology has been widely common in various fields. Materials in the nanoscale have unique physical and chemical properties. Silver nanoparticles have different applications and their antimicrobial properties have been confirmed in several studies. This study aimed to investigate the antibacterial properties of silver nanoparticles synthesized by berberine and Hypericum perforatum extract.

In this experimental study, the antibacterial effects of synthesized nanoparticles on standard strains of Escherichia coli [ATCC 25922], Pseudomonas aeruginosa [ATCC 27853], Klebsiella pneumoniae [ATCC 9997], and Staphylococcus aureus [ATCC 29212] were investigated. The MIC content of silver nanoparticles alone and in combination with berberine and Hypericum perforatum extract was investigated for the studied bacteria using the broth microdilution method.

The results of the evaluation of the minimum inhibitory concentration [MIC] of the synthesized compounds on the studied bacteria showed that the nanoparticles synthesized by berberine and Hypericum perforatum extract had the highest antibacterial effects. However, each of the compounds Berberine and Hypericum perforatum extract alone did not show significant antibacterial properties. The results of this study also showed that the highest inhibitory concentration of nanoparticles synthesized by berberine and Hypericum perforatum extract was related to Pseudomonas aeruginosa [0.0375 mg / ml] and the lowest inhibitory concentration was related to Enterococcus faecalis [0.185 mg/ml].

The results of the present study showed that silver nanoparticles synthesized with berberine and Hypericum perforatum extract have significant antibacterial effects. As a result, nanoparticles, including silver nanoparticles, can become one of the most important alternatives to antibiotics due to their unique properties in targeting bacteria. However, achieving definitive results requires further studies in this area.

A survey of effective factors on the response of a Fricke gel dosimeter leads to an optimum sample dosimeter with better sensitivity and lower fading in dosimetric applications. In this research, samples of PVA Fricke gel dosimeters were prepared with different concentration of the constituents. Samples was irradiated upto 60 Gy with a gammacell. Measurement of the samples with a spectrophotometer showed 10% PVA, atomic mass of 72000, 25 mM sulphuric acid, 0.5 mM ferrous ammonium sulphate, 0.165 mM xylenol orange, 1% glutaraldehyde and ultrapure water has more sensitivity. In addition, this composition provides a more extensive range of linear responses. Preparation of the suggested dosimeter in several groups and maintenance at different conditions, before and after irradiation, showed the samples maintained in dark and refrigerator were stable for up to 10 days, whereas the samples maintained in other conditions lost their stability and started to fade.

Sepsis is one of the leading causes of death in intensive care units (ICU) and is becoming more prevalent globally. As a result, an accurate and timely diagnosis of sepsis is critical for selecting the best treatment to prevent disease progression and mortality. In this study, CRP and TNF-α as common biomarkers of sepsis were detected using a label-free optical biosensor based on interferometric Fourier transform spectroscopy from a porous silicon substrate. The porous silicon layer was chemically modified with APTES and glutaraldehyde to immobilize the aptamer covalently in order to capture the analyte. The refractive index of the porous layer was determined by analyzing the reflection spectrum from the porous layer, which was associated with different biomarker concentrations. The results demonstrated linear responses in concentrations ranging from 10-10000 ng/ml for CRP and 100-10000 ng/ml for TNF-α and the biosensor's high discrimination. Thus, it has a high potential for advancement in clinical sepsis diagnosis.

Nanobiotechnology has provided promising novel diagnostic and therapeutic strategies which capable to create a broad spectrum of nano-based imaging agents and medicines for human administrations. Several studies have demonstrated that the surface of nanomaterials is immediately coated with suspended proteins after contact with plasma or other biological fluids to form protein corona-nanoparticle complexes. Cells react after exposure with these complexes. since, the biological fate and functions of nanomaterials are determined by physiological responses to protein -nanoparticle complexes in this article, we aimed to review some studies about the effects of the protein profiles and physicochemical characteristics of nanoparticles in the biological environment on the formation of protein corona and subsequent the biological responses upon exposure to nanoparticles. Also, some used methods for of protein corona analysis has been reviewed. It has been shown that the biological impacts of protein corona may be both constructive and/or destructive in the biomedical applications of nanomaterials. The protein corona–cell interactions can facilitate targeted delivery and cellular absorption of therapeutic nanomaterials and also, they mitigate the unfavorable cytotoxic effects of nanoparticles. On the other hand, these interactions may cause rapid clearance of nanoparticles from the body as well as the activation of undesirable inflammatory responses. Hence, the study of the formation mechanism and biological effects of protein corona plays an important role in the design of nanoparticles with specific physicochemical properties proportional with their intended biological activity.

Synthetic estrogen, 17α-ethinylestradiol (EE2), has adverse effects on aqueous environments even at the lowest concentrations. Identification of microorganisms with high degradation capability has always been expected. Biodegradation processes may involve the action of different microorganisms and microbial consortia, during which, either pollutants are consumed for growth or transformed due to co-metabolism. In this study, an enrichment culture of activated sludge from the pharmacy wastewater treatment unit was used for degradation of EE2 as the sole source of carbon and energy. For obtaining the strains with the capability of EE2 degradation, the sludge samples were used as seed and the enrichment culture was performed using mineral salt medium (MSM) with EE2 as the sole carbon source. To evaluate the EE2 degradability of the mixed culture, EE2 was added to the cultures at initial concentrations of 0-4 mg L-1. The degradation rate of EE2 (using HPLC) and the biomass concentration (using spectrophotometry) were monitored during the biodegradation process and the kinetic results were also investigated. Two colonies were obtained from the enrichment culture solution of activated sludge. It was concluded that the obtained mixed culture was able to degrade EE2 at different initial concentrations. Considering the probability of presence of multi-enzymes systems in the mixed culture which exhibit the property of cooperativity, the allosteric sigmoidal model was matched with the experimental data. The concentration of biomass was clearly increased along with EE2 biodegradation. The Monod growth equation was applied for modeling the variations of biomass concentration. Discussion and In this study a mixed culture capable of degrading EE2 as the sole carbon and energy source was isolated from the activated sludge of the pharmacy wastewater treatment unit. EE2 was used as a growth substrate due to the increase in the cell population.

Phytase can be used as a feed additive to catalyze the hydrolytic degradation of phytate as the major storage form of natural phosphorus. Phytase is produced by a wide range of bacteria, fungi and yeasts. Isolation and identification of phytase-producing strains from soil, is of great interest for commercial application in different industries. The aim of the current study was the isolation and identification of phytase-producing strains from soil samples and optimizing the enzyme production.
For isolation and identification of phytase-producing strains, soil samples were collected from farms near Qazvin. Diluted samples were spread onto PSM solid media and production of the clear zones about the colonies gave a visual indication of phytase production. The selection of the best phytase-producing strain was performed by measuring the enzyme activity in the liquid medium. The selected strain was identified by slide-culture technique and the effect of carbon source (phytate and wheat bran), pH and time of incubation were also investigated for optimal enzyme production.
In this study, a Penicillium sp. was isolated from a soil sample near Qazvin and was selected as the best phytase-producing strain. The maximum phytase activity (171 U/ml) was obtained in the medium containing % 2 (w/v) phytate, at pH 5, after 72 h of incubation. By using wheat bran as the source of carbon and phytate, the maximum phytase activity, which was 61.7 U/mL, was produced at pH 7 and after the same time of incubation.
Discussion and Penicillium sp. isolated from a soil sample near Qazvin, was able to produce highly active phytase in optimized environmental conditions, which could be a suitable candidate for commercial production of phytase to be used as complement in poultry feeding industries.

In this study, biosorption of Cu and Mn ions from Sarcheshme copper mine wastewater by locally available yeast, Saccharomyces Sp., was investigated in batch mode. Optimum amounts for various parameters such as contact time, pH, initial ion concentration, biosorbent dosage and temperature were determined. Optimum pH was determined to be 6. Equilibrium was achieved after 120 minutes and no uptake occurred after that. The experimental sorption data was fitted well to the Freundlich adsorption model but there was not acceptable fitness between Langmuir model and experimental data. Also metal ion uptake was increased as the temperature increased showing that this experiment was an endothermic process

Aim and The importance of effective parameters on b iosorption of Cu and Mn ions from Sarcheshme Copper Mine Acid Mine Drainage (AMD) was investigated using regression analysis. Bacillus Thuringiensis was isolated from Sarcheshme AMD water and sorption parameters of that AMD water were investigated. Correlation between amount of biosorbent and amount of Cu removed (0. 99) was greater than the correlation between amount of biosorbent and Mn removed (0. 98) from wastewater. Furthermore، increasing pH increased Cu and Mn ions removal up to 19 and 9 times، respectively. It was also observed that increasing contact time raised the Cu and Mn uptake 4. 83 and 1. 5 times، respectively. Results showed that parameters like amount of biosorbent، pH، temperature and contact time have the most impact on amount of biosorption respectively and variation of effective parameters have more effects on Cu removal from wastewater.