فهرست مطالب مهندس نوروز محمودی

Using X-ray for diagnostic test, is one of the most important exposure to radiation sources for general population and in particular for radiation workers. Therefore, holding down the pollution at the lowest possible level is very important for protection against the internal exposure. The objective of this study is to survey the scattered X-ray rate and received dose by staff of angiography department in a military hospital.
Present cross – sectional study was conducted in a military hospital. The scattered x-ray produced from different angiography modes (pulse high-dose and continuous fluoroscopy) was measured in one and two meters distance of angiography set and in outside of the angiography room by using SmartION Model 2100 S. The staff received dose in 2 months, 1 year and 5 years periods, was obtained through staffs film badge results.
The results showed the scattered X-ray rate in one and two meters distance from patient table for pulse mode fluoroscopy was 47 and 7.9 µSVh-1 and for continuous fluoroscopy was 8.9 and 4 µSVh-1 respectively. The obtained results from the personnel film badge for a period of one and five years were respectively 8.08 and 22,85 mSV per year for physician's staff, 1,44 and 2,12 mSv per year for radiologists staff and 1 and 2.55mSv per year for nurses, respectively. The dose received by all employees was less than the permissible limits (20 mSv per year).
The various modes of angiography, experience and expertise of the physicians and other factors can play an important role in received effective dose by staff. The staff training, optimized radiation protection practice and staff dose monitoring can be kept well below the annual received dose limit.

Hospital mortality among the most important the determinants of population health status are considered. And access to the right information from rate, process and causes of death in order to set priorities and interventions in the health sector is of great importance.
Material and This cross-sectional study and using the information contained in the medical records department Military Hospital in during the years of 1393, 94 was performed. In order to conduct the study, the medical records of all patients who died in the mentioned period extracted by using necessary information such as gender, age, sector and services that the patients were hospitalized foot shift, holiday or non- holiday the patient died, days before or after 24 hours of hospital admission and death was recorded. The data analysis software SPSS20 using descriptive statistics and analysis of and chi-square were used
The total number of deaths at a military hospital in two 1386 cases the rate for year 93 and 94, respectively 678 and 708 people. Of this amount 779 men (56.2%), 562 women (40.5%) and 45 patients (3.2%) infants. The mortality rate in the 94 years since equal 93, 4/4% has increased.
Although the mortality rate of the pure and impure lower standard, But actions about the prevention of deaths resulting from prolonged hospitalization by providing the necessary training to provide services Home Care outside the hospital and the first level the prevention can be In reducing the some deaths in patients in older age groups play an effective role.

Self-esteem is one of the fundamental factors in academic performance of students and recognizing the variables which impact it may help its improvement. The aim of the current study was to assess the impact of factors such as demographic and academic variables, inclination toward lifelong learning, and learning style on self-esteem among health sciences students.
In the present study, 209 students of the School of Health of Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences (Tehran, Iran) were selected to participate in the study using stratified random sampling. Data collection tools consisted of a demographic and academic information questionnaire, the Rosenberg self-esteem scale (RSES), Kolb’s Learning Style Inventory (KLSI), and the Jefferson Scale of Lifelong Learning. Data were analyzed using independent t-test, one-way ANOVA, Pearson correlation test, and multiple regression analysis in SPSS software.
The mean age of participants was 26.7 ± 8.4 years and most (94%) of them were men. In bivariate analysis, factors such as gender, daily study time, some domains of learning style, as well as constructs of lifelong learning were significantly associated with self-esteem. In multiple regression analysis, variables of gender, daily study time, abstract conceptualization from learning style domains, and beliefs of motivation toward learning (a lifelong learning construct) predicted student’s self-esteem. Approximately 38% of variance in self-esteem was explained using variables included in the regression model.
Considering that variables such as gender, daily study time, some learning style domains, and inclination toward lifelong learning may be associated with self-esteem, to improve students’ self-esteem, in the line with enhancing their academic performance, appropriate planning should be undertaken considering these factors. Moreover, further studies are necessary in this regard to gain more understanding of these factors.

Evaluating the environmental hygiene in military setting is very important because of the impact on the health status of employees. The aim of the study was to evaluate the environmental hygiene in military centers in 2014.
This cross sectional study the Method of census was conducted in 5 Military Centers. Data were collected through observation and assessing the environment and related existing documents, using 8 valid and reliable check lists including 504 questions. The total score of the check list was 1314. Data were analyzed with SPSS 17.
The average score of environmental health status in the studied centers was calculated as 794.8 and considered as intermediate level. The highest and lowest difference score, based on the maximum score, was calculated for centers number 3 and 2(56.5% and 66.3%, respectively). Considering the environmental scopes, the highest and lowest difference score was calculated in Solid Waste and restaurants (66.5% and 30.7%, respectively). The mean score of environmental health status in water, wastewater, food warehouse, plus zero fridge, minus zero fridge, kitchen, restaurant and public Places were calculated as follow, respectively: 63.8±3.57 (Intermediate), 32±11.95 (Non-desirable), 87.4±13.5 (Weak), 88.2±11.6 (Weak), 95.6±13.04 (Weak), 92±13.93 (Non-desirable), 160±28.36 (Intermediate), 113±16.25 (Intermediate), 64.41±12.8 (Intermediate).
According to the results of this study, although the average score of environmental health status was assessed as Intermediate, It is essential to dedicate adequate resources, pay attention to the health guide lines and to make decisions and follow applied and scientific strategies especially in waste management domain.

Exposure to sharp wastes is a potential risk for nurses in hospitals. This study aimed to determine the prevalence and causes of injuries from sharp waste in Emergency and critical care nurses of a military hospital in Tehran.
This cross-sectional study was conducted in the first six months of 1393. 68 nurses were selected randomly. Chi-square tests and logistic regression were used by SPSS version 16.
The prevalence of occupational exposure was 50%, the rates in emergency and critical care nurses were 67.9% and 37.5%, respectively. Difference between the two groups in regarding experience, age and education were statistically significant (P An Education program with an emphasis on the prevention of occupational exposure is recommended.

In hospitals disaster is regarded as a crisis and must be properly managed and controlled to prevent its conversion into a scandal. The aim of this study was to determine the effect of manouver on the readiness of employees in a military hospital.
A quasi-experimental study (before and after design) was conducted on the 70 personnel in a military hospital. Data were collected using a valid and reliable questionnaire and analyzed using SPSS software( v. 20).
The mean score of readiness scopes before and after the manouver were 22.74 and 23.74, respectively. This difference was not statistically significant (p=0.693). Except for planning and knowledge & attitude scope (p=0.049) and attitude (p=0.000) , there were no significant difference regarding different scopes such as staff’s concept a bout the disaster (p=0.337), organizing (p=0.219), education (p=0.228), Awareness (p=0.928) and skill (p=0.112).
Some degree of heterogenity in the process of the promotion of the scopes have seen during the intervention (trauma manouver).One of the reasons is weakness in designing the scenarios .Therefore readiness of health workers should be considered by policy-makers and senior managers of the health system.

Providing ideal therapeutic services and improving the hospital processes highly depends on staff’s team-work and managers’ leadership styles and leadership styles affects the effectiveness and efficiency. This study was performed with the aim of determining managers’ leadership style from staffs’ viewpoints in one of Tehran’s hospitals and its relationship with hospital indicators. This descriptive-analytical cross-sectional study was done on 394 staffs of a hospital in Tehran who were selected by proportionate and simple random sampling method in 2009. Demographic characteristics’ questionnaire and Likert leadership style questionnaire (after confirming its validity and reliability) were used for data collection and data analysis was done by Chi-square and ANOVA tests using SPSS 16 software. 13.7% of staff state d that their managers’ leadership style was exploitative-authoritative, 56.1% benevolent-authoritative, 28.2% consultative and 2 % of them considered it participative. There was a significant relationship between leadership style of managers and BOR, ALOS, BT and BTI indicators with the significance levels of 0.003, 0.006, 0.003 and 0.002, respectively. Although choosing the authoritative leadership style from the staffs’ viewpoint is not far from mind regarding the organizational environment, use of consultative and participative leadership styles and using training methods for applications of the mentioned styles is suggested in order to improve the organizational efficiency.