فهرست مطالب مهین حاضری

With the increasing urban population, increasing prosperity, extreme consumerism and changing patterns of people's lives, has increased the amount of waste. In the absence of waste management, will be many environmental problems. The purpose of the research is to evaluate and understand the current state of waste in Yazd city, to explain and analyze the strengths and weaknesses of the waste system, and to formulate waste management strategies for this city.

The nature and method of research is descriptive - analytical. Information is collected by field and library studies. This study was conducted in Yazd city. The waste situation in Yazd city is studied by D.P.S.R model. Driving forces include population, household welfare and consumption pattern. Pressure factors are commercial, office, educational, cultural, industrial workshops, health centers. After examining the Driving forces and pressure factors, the present situation is described. The swot model has been used to provide responses.

Region 2 with the highest density of the population has the highest amount of waste in the Yazd city. Per capita waste in1 Region, is lower than other areas of Yazd city. Per capita waste in 3 Region is higher than other parts of the city. The implementation of source separation program is the most important strength and lack of citizen participation is the most important weakness. Low waste per capita and sustainable employment through the recycling industry is the most important opportunities. The negative attitudes to waste-related occupations and the inadequate cooperation of other organs are the most important threats.

Population density leads to more waste production, but the composition of waste depends on the welfare status of citizens. Comparison of wet and dry waste in Yazd city in 1385 and 1394 shows that the amount of dry waste has increased compared to wet waste, which is an indication of the change in the consumption pattern in Yazd city.

management of municipal solid waste is one of the most important environmental issues at worldwide. Environmental and health problems caused by inadequate waste management include increase of disease and stray animals, pollution of air, water, land and more. Therefore, identifying the indicators and improving the efficiency of the waste management system is very important. In the present study,With a descriptive-analytical approach has been attempted to identify and evaluate the effective indicators in two aspects of production-separation and collecting-transportation for improving waste management system. The statistical population of questions related to citizens, all women in Yazd city and the statistical population is related to experts, experts of waste management, municipal services and environmental organizations. 70 questionnaires were completed by experts and 70 questionnaires were completed by household women.The results show that social awareness has an effect on the waste production in Yazd city, but it has not been effective on waste separation. In addition, the amount of income and the number of family members influenced the amount of waste production in Yazd City. The use of appropriate technology and the use of the private sector have had an impact on performance of system. The frequency and time of waste collection did not affect the collection and transportation dimension. The reason for the lack of impact can be due to the lack of frequency and inappropriate dry waste collection time (one day per week), as well as collecting wet waste as a couple or individual days per month is a reason for citizens' dissatisfaction.

In recent years, the rapid growth of large cities in developing countries, led to inequality services and lack of social justice at the regional and national level. If the distribution of urban services are balanced, all group of society will be benefit. The distribution of facilities and services and their quality is inextricably linked with social welfare. Social justice in cities led to the Citizen satisfaction and will contribute to political stability and national sovereignty. Today many efforts has been done to enhance the quality of life and social justice and move towards sustainable development in cities and having appropriate access to these services play an important role in achieving the above objectives. Inadequate distribution of urban services result unbalanced distribution of population in town. Fair distribution of urban facilities and easy access to them cause spatial justice and environment justice in urban space. The aim of this study is to analyze the spatial distribution of educational services and spatial equity in the allocation of educational services in the areas of Yazd city. Therefore, this paper attempts to answer the following question: Is the spatial distribution of the educational centers in Yazd city is inappropriate?
To answer the research questions models were used to analyze the spatial distribution of urban services. Research methodology in this paper is descriptive- analysis method, It contains maps for different regions of Yazd city, maps for municipal districts and neighborhoods, maps for training centers, including nursery, primary, Middle and high schools throughout the Yazd city. The population in Yazd city were collected from comprehensive and detailed plan. Techniques used in this research entropy coefficient, the Gini coefficient, Moran coefficient, the public coefficient G and the nearest vicinity. Moran and public coefficients G and analyzing the nearest vicinity as well as maps of functional radius from training centers is calculated by GIS. Entropy Coefficient Gini coefficient and has been calculated in Excel. In this study use quantitative analysis. Statistical methods and mathematical analysis techniques have been used too. Part of needed data are collected by library method and the other part of data is collected by referring to resources and organizations.
Entropy and the Gini coefficient show inequality and imbalances in the distribution of training centers in Yazd. In other words, there is not spatial equity in the distribution of these centers in Yazd city. Moran coefficient shows the pattern of distribution educational centers in Yazd city are random. General G index also showed that the spatial pattern of training centers is random pattern to the high concentration (hot spot). In fact, areas with high educational center near each other focused and areas with less central of training are not interconnected. The results showed that the distribution of primary, secondary and high schools in the Yazd city are irregular and clusters, and distribution of kindergarten is a random pattern. This result show that the formation of training centers have taken without planning. Study shows that per capita use in training centers in most areas are lower than the standard per capita. Studies show that the per capita of kindergarten is lower in this sector are we facing a shortage of services. In addition, lower per capita in the region of 1-2 and the highest amount per capita is in the region 2-2. We are not faced with a shortage of per capita at primary school in Yazd city.in addition, lower per capita is in the region of 3-2 and the highest is in the region of 1-1. Also study show that we are facing a shortage of per capita at secondary schools in the Yazd city. But area with a surplus of per capita is the region of 2-2 and other areas are facing with shortage of p.c. Evaluation of high school shows we are facing a shortage of per capita in Yazd city. But area with a surplus of per capita is the region of 1-2 and other areas are facing with shortage of p.c. Difference between minimum and maximum per capita shows inequalities and lack of equity in the distribution of educational services in Yazd city. Also analysis of functional radius show that all citizens have easy access to high school while access to other services not possible for all citizens easily.
In general, the results show that the distribution and spatial distribution of educational centers in the Yazd city is inappropriate. However, access of city residents to high school is relatively good, but even this stage is also faced with a shortage of capita. Urban management and other organizations must organize their strategies to provide fair and efficient distribution for training centers. In this context, proposals will be presented. Create kindergarten, in different areas, Establish training centers (elementary, middle and high school) according to population and shortage of per capita in each area with the help of donors, the private sector and the public sector. Suitable location for construction of new training centers. Systematic approach in the distribution and arrangement of training centers in Yazd city.

A fair distribution of urban services in different districts of a city can have an effective role in the sustainable development of that city.On the other hand, inequality in the life quality of citizens makes it hardfor some people to have an access to the urban services and facilities and leads to the decline of less developed areas, which are at risk of losing population, and the reduction of land prices.This paperpresents an investigation of 12 districts and 16 types of urban services including kindergartens, prep schools, elementary schools, guidance schools, secondary schools, higher education, health care centers, pharmacies, emergency rooms, hospitals, parks and green areas, fire stations, grave yards, libraries, and educational environment for law enforcement.The paper analyzes the spatial distribution of urban services in the town of Mehriz, utilities, and its effect on land prices.The approach of the study is based on the assumption that there is an unfair inappropriate spatial distribution of urban services and utilities in Mehrizurban areas that has led to differences in land prices. The results show that the distribution of municipal services in Mehriz is based on a per capita basis in different districts.Meanwhile, there is no significant relationship between the distribution of utilities and land prices.The land-use regulations do not have effects on property values and has been considered as the most important factor inthe increase of land prices in these districts.