فهرست مطالب میرعلی اکبر اخباری آزاد

The tourism industry is one of the largest and most diversified industries in the world, and is the most important source of income and job creation in many countries. Therefore, estimating the determinants of tourism development is important in economic studies. In this regard, the present study uses panel data and generalized moment method to investigate the impact of capital types including natural capital, physical capital, human capital, financial capital, innovation and foreign direct capital on the development of tourism industry in two groups of selected countries of developing and developed and emerging during the period 2007-2017. The results of the estimation model showed that 1% increase in accumulation of natural capital, physical capital, human capital, financial capital, innovation and foreign direct capital increases the international tourism revenue in developing selected countries by 0.063%, 0.181%, 0.052%, 0.089%, 0.128% and 0.066% respectively. Also, 1% increase in accumulation of natural capital, physical capital, human capital, financial capital, innovation and foreign direct capital increases international tourism revenue in developed and emerging selected countries by 0.113%, 0.104%, 0.080%, 0.055%, 0.091% and 0.118% respectively. In addition, the effect of control variables including globalization, political stability and real exchange rate on the development of tourism industry in both groups of countries are positive and significant.

The tourism industry is one of the largest and most diversified industries in the world, and is the most important source of income and job creation in many countries. Because of its growing social and economic importance, the tourism industry has become one of the key pillars of the world economy and is one of the fastest growing industries. Therefore, it is important to examine its determinants in economic issues. In this regard, the present study uses panel data and the Generalized  Method of Moments (GMM)  to examine the effects of the 5 inputs  of national innovationincluding institutions, human capital, infrastructure, market sophistication and business sophistication, and the 2 outputs of national innovation including knowledge and technology outputs and creative outputs of the development of the tourism industry in 20 selected countries during the period 2007-2017. The results show that the effect of all inputs and outputs of national innovation on the development of tourism industry is positive and significant. However, the estimated coefficient of the institutions is larger than the other dimensions and the estimated coefficient of market sophistication is smaller than the other dimensions. Also, the effect of control variables including natural capital, globalization, political stability and real exchange rate on the development of tourism industry is positive and significant.