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میلاد خیری قوجه بیگلو

  • کرامت اخوان*، میلاد خیری قوجه بیگلو، مجید مردپور، فرهود کلاته

    کنترل تلفات نشت آب از کانال ها و مخازن ذخیره به منظور حفاظت از منابع محدود آب کشور ضروری است. برای کنترل نشت، تاکنون روش های متعددی به کار گرفته شده و امروزه استفاده از پوشش های ژئوسنتتیک، نظیر ورقه های ژئوممبران، مورد توجه قرار گرفته است. در این تحقیق، مشکلات موجود در مراحل مختلف طراحی و اجرای پوشش ژئوممبران در کانال ها در شبکه آبیاری مغان بررسی شده است. سپس میزان نشت از این نوع پوشش در شرایط مختلف با استفاده از روش ورودی-خروجی بررسی گردید. در تحقیق حاضر، از بین کانالهای اجرا شده با پوشش های ژئوسنتتیک در شبکه آبیاری مغان، کانال پمپاژ 3 مغان با توجه به اهمیت و ویژگی های فنی انتخاب شد و بر روی آن بررسی صحرایی از نظر خصوصیات هیدرولیکی، کنترل نشت، کارایی و بررسی مسائل اجرایی به عمل آمد. بر اساس نتایج آزمایشات، میزان متوسط نشت آب در طول بازه کانال های خاکی 46/86 لیتر در روز در متر مربع بدست آمد و بر اساس بازدیدهای صحرایی، رسوب و تخریبی در کانال مشاهده نگردید. این میزان نشت در مقایسه با سایر پوشش های ژئوسنتتیک مطالعه شده در سایر نقاط (69-14 لیتر در روز در هر مترمربع) برای کانال های پوشش شده با پلی اتیلن کم چگالی به ضخامت 2/5 میلیمتر در حد متوسط قرار دارد.

    کلید واژگان: پوشش ژئوسنتتیک, تراوش, شبکه آبیاری مغان, عملکرد کانال, کانال خاکی
    Karamat Akhavan *, Milad Kheiry Goje Biglo, Majid Mardpour, Farhoud Kalateh
    Introduction

    The performance of geomembrane liners depends on proper design, installation, and maintenance. Geomembranes exhibit thermoplastic behavior, expanding and contracting significantly with temperature changes. This can lead to issues like wrinkling and uplift, which can compromise the liner's seepage control function. Proper maintenance is also essential, as geomembranes are sensitive to mechanical damage that can greatly reduce their effectiveness.In Iran, geomembrane lining of irrigation canals has been implemented in several projects, including the Moghan Irrigation Network. However, comprehensive studies on the performance and durability of these liners are lacking. This study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of geomembrane liners in controlling seepage from Pumping channel No. 3 of Moghan, and identify any issues related to their design, installation and operation. The results can help guide the rational expansion and optimal utilization of geomembrane lining for improving agricultural water productivity in Iran.

    Literature Review:

    Geomembranes exhibit thermoplastic behavior, expanding and contracting significantly with temperature changes. Geomembranes layers have a high coefficient of thermal expansion, causing wrinkling or waves in parts of the liner when heated. Proper temperature is critical for seam welding to avoid inadequate bonding and uplift of the geomembrane on slopes. Long-term wrinkles can also become failure points. Proper maintenance is essential for the sustainable operation of geomembrane projects, especially for exposed liners. Preventing mechanical damage (intentional and accidental) is crucial for the liner's durability and effectiveness. Geomembranes are sensitive to intentional damage (cutting, burning, abrasion, impact, etc.) which can greatly reduce the liner's seepage control capacity.

    Methodology

    The Moghan irrigation network, particularly Pumping Channel No. 3, has been a focal point for evaluating hydraulic performance, seepage control, and durability in irrigation systems. This channel, which spans 28 kilometers, is crucial for drawing water from the irrigation network and has a capacity of 2.3 cubic meters per second, serving approximately 3,500 hectares of agricultural and industrial land. Research conducted on this channel has employed the inflow-outflow method to measure average seepage rates, which were found to be around 46.86 liters per day per square meter. This rate is considered moderate compared to other geosynthetic-lined channels, highlighting the need for ongoing maintenance and monitoring to manage water loss effectively.Field inspections have revealed significant deterioration in the channel's walls and floor, leading to operational challenges. In 1999, significant repairs were made to three critical sections of the canal, covering 8 kilometers in total. However, these repairs proved insufficient, as severe damage reoccurred within two years of service. This situation emphasizes the necessity for robust construction practices and the potential benefits of using advanced materials, such as geomembranes, to enhance the durability and performance of irrigation channels. The research indicates that while immediate repairs can address some issues, long-term solutions are essential for maintaining the integrity of the irrigation infrastructure.Overall, the evaluation of Pumping Channel No. 3 illustrates the complexities and challenges faced in managing irrigation systems, particularly regarding hydraulic efficiency and seepage control. The findings suggest that integrating geosynthetic materials could significantly improve the channel's performance and longevity, thereby optimizing water resource management in the Moghan region. Continuous assessment and adaptation of maintenance strategies will be crucial in ensuring that the irrigation network meets the agricultural demands of the area effectively.

    Results and Discussion

    The average seepage rate along the canal reaches was 0.4686 liters per square meter per day. No sedimentation or damage was observed during field inspections. The results demonstrate the acceptable short-term effectiveness of well-installed geomembrane liners in controlling water losses. Properly designed and maintained geomembrane liners can significantly reduce seepage, improving agricultural water productivity. However, geomembranes require careful consideration in design, construction and operation to avoid issues like thermal wrinkling and mechanical damage that can compromise their seepage control function.

    Conclusion

    Controlling seepage from water storage and conveyance systems is essential in water-scarce countries like Iran. Geosynthetic liners, especially geomembranes, are rapidly expanding in Iran due to their unique waterproofing capabilities and other advantages like quick and easy installation. However, comprehensive studies on the performance of these liners are lacking. Rational expansion, proper utilization and optimal investment requires comprehensive evaluation of completed projects. This study's results indicate the acceptable short-term effectiveness of well-installed geomembrane liners in controlling water losses. Therefore, geomembrane liners can contribute to improving agricultural water productivity by significantly reducing seepage, if they meet waterproofing requirements. However, long-term performance and durability require further investigation.

    Keywords: Geomembrane, Seepage Control, Irrigation Canal Lining, Hydraulic Performance, Water Conservation
  • فرهود کلاته*، میلاد خیری قوجه بیگلو
    هدف مقاله حاضر بررسی مکانیسم های تحلیل آسیب سیستم سد بتنی وزنی- مخزن- پی با بهره گیری از روش اجزای محدود (FEM) است. در این راستا مدل دوبعدی سیستم سد- مخزن- پی با استفاده از نرم افزار آباکوس تحت مولفه های افقی و قایم شتاب زمین در زمین لرزه کوینا قرارگرفته است و مدل پلاستیسیته آسیب بتن (CDP) با لحاظ رفتار نرم شدگی و سخت شدگی کرنش جهت مدل سازی رفتار مصالح بدنه استفاده شده است. در این تحقیق چهار مولفه تحلیل عددی برای مقایسه مکانیسم خرابی به کار گرفته شدند که عبارتند از: نوع تحلیل (خطی-غیرخطی)، نوع پی (صلب، جرم دار یا بدون جرم)، تراز ورود نیروی دینامیکی (ترازهای کناری، تحتانی بدنه و تحتانی پی) و جهت ورود بار (افقی، عمودی یا ترکیب این دو) و درنهایت، با کمک مدل های مذکور پاسخ دینامیکی غیرخطی سد بتنی وزنی و سطح آسیب لرزه ای بدنه در حالات مختلف مورد مقایسه قرارگرفته است. ارزیابی مدل ها بر اساس موقعیت اعمال بار ورودی نشان می دهد که در دو تحلیل خطی و غیرخطی در نظر گرفتن تراز تحتانی پی برای اعمال بار موجب افزایش آسیب لرزه ای نسبت به اعمال بار در تراز سد می شود. بر اساس نتایج حاصل اعمال تحریک پایه در سطح تماس سد با پی در حالت بدون جرم و همچنین اعمال تحریک پایه در تراز پی سنگی در حالت پی جرم دار می تواند منجر به پیش بینی دقیق تری از پاسخ سازه سد در حین زمین لرزه گردد. بااین وجود، سطح آسیب لرزه ای در بدنه بشدت متاثر از چگونگی اعمال شتاب پایه و مکانیسم مدل سازی سیستم سد - مخزن - پی است.
    کلید واژگان: پی جرم دار, تحلیل لرزه ای, مدل غیرخطی, پلاستیسیته آسیب بتن, تحریک پایه
    Farhoud Kalateh *, Milad Kheiry Ghoujeh Biglou
    The purpose of the present research is to investigate the damage analysis mechanisms of the Dam-Reservoir-Foundation system using the Finite Element Method (FEM). The study focuses on the Koyna dam-reservoir-foundation system, which is a two-dimensional model that has been subjected to the horizontal and vertical components of ground acceleration in the Koyna earthquake using ABAQUS software and the Concrete Damage Plasticity (CDP) model. The comparison of models in linear and linear analysis shows that considering the bottom of the foundation for applying the load increases the seismic damage compared to applying the bottom of the dam. The results indicate that applying foundation excitation at the contact surface of the dam-foundation in the condition of foundation without mass, as well as applying foundation excitation at the level of the rock foundation in the condition of massed foundation can lead to a more accurate prediction of the response of the structure during an earthquake. However, the level of seismic damage in the dam is greatly affected by how the base excitation is applied and the mechanism of the modeling Dam-Reservoir-Foundation system. Therefore, it is crucial to consider the correct application of base excitation and the modeling mechanism while analyzing the damage analysis of the Dam-Reservoir-Foundation system.
    Keywords: Massed foundation, Seismic Analysis, Nonlinear Dynamic Model, Concrete Damage Plasticity (CDP), Base Excitation
  • فرهود کلاته *، میلاد خیری قوجه بیگلو

    مسایل مهندسی مرتبط با خاک دارای درجه‌ای از عدم قطعیت در ذات خود هستند و اخیرا همین امر موجب توجه مهندسین به روش‌های احتمالاتی به‌جای رویکردهای تعینی و سنتی شده است. هدف تحقیق بررسی عوامل دخیل در تراوش از سد خاکی، با بهره‌گیری از مفاهیم احتمالاتی الگوریتم مونت‌کارلو و اجزای محدود است که به این منظور کد تراوش در زبان برنامه‌نویسی فرترن توسعه داده‌شده است. نتایج حاصل از تحلیل تعینی برای تغییرات ارتفاع آب پایین‌دست به ارتفاع مخزن (Hd/Hup) در بازه بین 0.02 و 0.79 بر روی مقدار نشت نشانگر این است که با افزایش این نسبت، مقدار تراوش به‌طور خطی سیر کاهشی دارد ولی لزوما این تغییرات به‌صورت اکیدا نزولی نیست. همچنین مقایسه توابع توزیع فراوانی (PDF) و تجمعی (CDF) به‌دست‌آمده برای تحلیل عدم قطعیت با روش مونت‌کارلو برای نسبت‌های متغیر از Hd/Hup نیز موید نتیجه قبلی است. در بررسی هندسی سد خاکی نیز نتایج نشان می‌دهد که با جابجایی تاج در جهت بالادست میانگین دبی نشت احتمالاتی کاهش و با کاهش عرض تاج، این مقدار افزایش می‌یابد. در همه مدل‌ها، دبی تراوش در حالت تعینی محافظه‌کارانه و حداکثر 270 درصد بیشتر از دبی تراوش در تحلیل مونت‌کارلو است.

    کلید واژگان: تحلیل عدم قطعیت, خاک اشباع و غیراشباع, زبان فرترن, محیط متخلخل اجزا محدود
    farhoud Kalateh *, Milad kheiry Ghoujeh-Biglou
    Introduction 

    Seepage through the soil is one of the most important issues of Fluid-Structure Interaction (FSI) that can lead to liquefaction, boiling of sand in downstream, settlement of hydraulic structures, instability and failure of embankments and earth dams. Accurate calculation of the amount of leakage passing through the earthen dam is an important factor in ensuring its safety and stability. On the other hand, the results of seepage analysis in calculating the dimensions of drainage and filters of the dam deformation is very important (Kalateh and Afshari, 2018; Jafarzadeh and Asadnia, 2005).

    Methodology 

    To deterministic solving of the Laplace equation in soil medium is performed by Smith and Griffiths (2004), FORTRAN programming code is written that calculates the flow rate and piezometric head in the body of a homogeneous and non-homogeneous earth dam. The FORTRAN code for solving seepage equations is similar to the code for solid mechanics equations. In this code, inspired by solving the equations of static and dynamic equilibrium in solid mechanics and using the finite element method, the differential equation of seepage is solved with the difference that instead of displacement and force components in mechanical problems of seepage and pizometric head is used. In the present paper, a program based on the finite element method in FORTRAN programming language has been developed by the author that solves the Laplace equations to determine the leakage discharge of an earth dam assuming the uncertainty of the components involved. In fact, in the previous code related to seepage, soil permeability has been considered definitively, which in this study is probabilistically investigated. First, the FORTRAN code is assumed that the permeability values of the materials are constant, and the results are expressed as two leakage currents, input and output, in which case these two values are equivalent. The results show that in the isotropic state where the permeability is equal in the vertical and horizontal directions, the slope of the line is greater than the two non-isotropic states. As mentioned for deterministic modeling, the permeability of dam materials is constant in this case and is solved analytically by the Seep_4 subroutine, but in the probabilistic model and the Monte Carlo method, instead of the stability of the conductivity coefficient, the mean and standard deviation are entered in the calculations.

    Results and Discussion 

    Figure 1 shows the relationship between the average seepage resulting from Monte Carlo Simulation for downstream reservoir ratios of 0.087, 0.136 and 0.19, which shows a graph in the range of 0.71<Kx/Ky<1 inequality slope. It has an ascending interval of 1<Kx/Ky<1.41 To be more precise, the slope of the descending section in the definite position for downstream ratios to the reservoir is 0.087, 0.136 and 0.19, respectively, equal to 0.96, 0.96 and 0.48 in the descending position and 0.73. 0, 0.88 and 1.032 are in the ascending state, with no significant difference. But in probabilistic mode for downstream ratios to reservoir 0.087, 0.136 and 0.19 with 0.41, 0.48 and 0.069 in descending mode and 0.78, 0.91 and 1.032 respectively is in the ascending state, in which the slope of the ascending part is at least one and a half times greater in all three states. It is worth mentioning that in all three cases and in both intervals, the coefficient of explanation of the linear relationship is above 0.98, which was calculated by SPSS software and linear regression method. Fig 1-a- Average seepage flow of earthen dam for changes in horizontal to vertical permeability ratio (Kx/Ky) in deterministic analysis. 1-b- The amount of flow through the Earth dam in change for changes in the ratio of horizontal to vertical permeability (Kx/Ky) in probabilistic analysis.

    Conclusions 

    In the deterministic analysis, the effect of horizontal permeability on the seepage flow rate not show a significant difference compared to the effect of vertical permeability, but in probabilistic analysis, the effect of horizontal permeability on average of seepage flow rate is at least 89% higher than vertical permeability. • The results of probabilistic leakage study show that with increasing the ratio of downstream to upstream, the range of discharge in the frequency distribution function (PDF) and the average leakage discharge decreases. • With decreasing the width of the earthen dam crown, the average seepage flow decreases and with the upward movement of the dam crown, this amount increases. • In all cases, the average seepage flow calculated in different cases of Monte Carlo Simulation (MCS) models is 16 to 270% less than the seepage flow in the definite case.

  • کرامت اخوان*، نادر عباسی، میلاد خیری قوجه بیگلو، هدیه احمدپری

    شبکه آبیاری مغان مانند سایر شبکه های آبیاری با معضل تلفات آب مواجه است. در سال های اخیر در راستای ارتقاء راندمان انتقال آب، بخش عمده ای از کانال های درجه سه این شبکه در سطحی معادل43000 هکتار با استفاده از کانال های پیش ساخته بتنی به سازی شده است. در این پژوهش عملکرد فنی و وضعیت بهره برداری کانال های پیش ساخته بتنی در دشت مغان موردبررسی قرارگرفته است. بدین منظور پس از بازدیدهای فنی از پروژه های مختلف شبکه کانال های پیش ساخته در منطقه، تعداد 40 کانال به عنوان نمونه انتخاب و اندازه گیری مربوط به تعیین راندمان انتقال، زمان انتظار زارعین و تلفات زمین در آن ها انجام گردید. بر اساس نتایج به دست آمده از اندازه گیری های انجام شده، متوسط راندمان انتقال آب در کانال های مربوط به اراضی کشت و صنعت، زیر کانال برگشتی A و زیر کانال A به ترتیب 89 ، 89/47 و 86/77 درصد و متوسط انتظار زارعین، 37 دقیقه در کیلومتر و تلفات زمین 3 /51مترمربع در هکتار بود. همچنین مشخص گردید عدم کارایی مناسب واشرهای آب بندی، رشد گیاهان آبزی، تخریب ابنیه و دریچه ها، آبگیری غیراصولی، شکستگی و عدم ترمیم کانال ها و آبگیری بیش از ظرفیت و مهم تر از همه نبود تشکل بهره برداری و نگهداری، ازجمله مشکلات عمده در بهره برداری از کانالهای پیش ساخته بتنی مغان می باشند.

    کلید واژگان: آبگیری غیراصولی, راندمان انتقال, تلفات زمین, زمان انتظار زارعین, کانال پیش ساخته بتنی
    KARAMAT AKHAVAN *, Nader Abbassi, Milad Kheiry Ghoujeh Biglou, Hedieh Ahmadpari
    Introduction

    Moghan irrigation network is also facing the problem of water losses similar to other projects. In recent years, more than 43,000 hectares of tertiary irrigation canals has been lined using precast concrete channels (Canalette). The main purposes of the project were; improving irrigation efficiency, increasing water use efficiency, reducing waiting period to get water, and preventing water loses. But the project due to weaknesses in various stages of design, construction, operation and maintenance were faced with numerous issues and problems. In this research, the performance of construction canalette in terms of conveyance efficiency and network operation and maintenance problems have been investigated.

    Methodology

    To do this, 40 canalettes were chosen after various visits to the different projects area and reviewing the existing related documents. In order to calculate conveyance efficiency, the inflow and outflow values of the channels were measured. In order to estimate the waiting time for farmers to receive water, the time required for water to reach from the water dividing site to the field was measured. The amount of land losses in each project was determined according to the availability of information such as the length of the canalette and considering the average width of 2 meters for the canalette and also the specificity of the area covered by the projects. In addition, by taking photos, talking to farmers, water distributors and other relevant factors, exploitation and maintenance issues were investigated. Field observations from the study of technical and social issues, issues related to the operation and maintenance of the canalette network as well as the results of measurements were analyzed and then the necessary suggestions to improve the current situation are presented.

    Results and Discussion

    The average conveyance efficiency in the studied canalettes in the three studied projects, namely agro-industrial lands, return A canals and sub-A canal lands, respectively %89, %89.47 and %86.77, respectively. The results of the study of land losses in different projects showed that land losses in agro-industrial lands, which are segmentate in an integrated manner, are far less than farmers' lands (lands of return A canals and sub-A canal). The results of local visits regarding the issues and problems of maintenance and operation of canalettes are presented below.1) According to the visits and studies, the lack of complete sealing of the washers is one of the main problems of prefabricated canals. As a result of inadequate performance of the washers, unprincipled sealing performed by farmers in various ways, including the use of bitumen, concrete and plastic in the network was observed in large numbers. Investigation and research to solve this problem and improve existing channels and not to repeat this problem in future projects seems necessary.2) The climatic conditions of Moghan plain are such that weeds to grow in most of the soil canals and are widely seen in the network canals. Also, in canalettes, the growth of weeds around and along the canalette and sometimes even inside the canalette, creates problems in the process of water transfer and canalette life. In addition, the transfer of weed seeds from the canal to the fields by water causes damage to the fields.3) During the visits, several cases partial and total destruction at the network level were observed. Some of these cases were due to poor design and implementation of the canalette network and also lack of attention to the geotechnical conditions of the bed. However, most of the thematic demolitions have been done intentionally by the exploiters in order to dewatering of the network. The use of canalette siphons in irrigation sub-networks has been proposed as a simple and low-cost solution.

    Conclusions

    Based on the results, the average conveyance efficiency was found to be 89, 89.47 and 86.77 percents in three different studied areas that are agro-industrial lands, lands of return A canals and sub-A canal, respectively. Also, the waiting period of farmers and land losses were determined as 37 minutes in Km and 51.3 m2 per ha, respectively. Furthermore, inadequate performance seal washers, aquatic plant growth, damage of structures and intakes, improper operating, using overdesign rate of discharges, and other social and maintenances issues were found to be the problems in the operation of Moghan irrigation and drainage network

    Keywords: Disorganized water intake, Water use efficiency, Land losses, Farmers', waiting time, Canalette
  • یحیی چوپان*، سمیه امامی، میلاد خیری قوجه بیگلو

    ارزیابی نوسانات سطح ایستابی در مناطق خشک و نیمهخشک کشور، نیازمند پیشبینی دقیق و کارآمدی از نوسانات آن میباشد. استفاده از روش های نوین از جمله الگوریتمهای فراابتکاری، شبکه های عصبی مصنوعی و روش های فازی، جهت تولید داده های سطح آب مصنوعی و پیشبینی آینده تراز سطح ایستابی به دلیل کارآیی بسیار بالای خود، بسیار کاربردی است. در پژوهش حاضر، با استفاده از روش های الگوریتمهای انتخابات و رقابت استعماری، شبکه عصبی مصنوعی، داده های ماهانه به مدت 9 سال و همچنین عمق سطح آب زیرزمینی 10 حلقه چاه مشاهدهای، به پیشبینی زماتی 7 ساله تراز سطح ایستابی دشت رشتخوار در استان خراسان رضوی پرداخته شد. بهمنظور آموزش مدلها از اطلاعات 10 چاه مشاهدهای که دارای آمار 9 ساله (93-1385) بودند استفاده گردید، بهنحوی که از 70 درصد داده ها به عنوان داده های آموزشی به مدل معرفی و 30 درصد داده ها به عنوان آزمون برای واسنجی بهکار گرفته شد. نتایج روش الگوریتم انتخابات، تراز سطح ایستابی آبخوان رشتخوار را برای سال 1400 را بین 14 و 5/16 متر در مناطق مختلف دشت پیشبینی کرد .براساس محاسبه های انجام شده و نتایج بهدست آمده از پارامترهای آماری، الگوریتم انتخابات به ترتیب با مقادیر ریشه میانگین مربعات خطا (RMSE)، ضریب همبستگی (R2) و معیار نش- ساتکلیف (NSE)، 029/0، 90/0 و 73/0 نسبت به دو روش شبکه عصبی مصنوعی و الگوریتم رقابت استعماری، دارای توانایی قابل توجهی در پیشبینی تراز سطح ایستابی بود.

    کلید واژگان: سطح ایستابی, الگوریتم انتخابات, الگوریتم رقابت استعماری, شبکه عصبی مصنوعی, پیشبینی
    Yahya Choopan *, Somayeh Emami, Milad Kheiri Ghooje Bigloo

    Evaluating the groundwater level in arid and semi-arid regions of the country requires accurate prediction and efficiency of its fluctuations. The use of modern methods, including evolutionary algorithms, artificial neural networks and fuzzy methods, is very useful for prediction the groundwater level and generating artificial water surface data due to its high efficiency. In this research, by using Election and Imperialist Competitive Algorithms, artificial neural network, monthly data for 9 years as well as groundwater level of 10 wells, predicted the 7-year the groundwater level of Reshtkhar plain in khorasan-Razavi. In order to train the models, the statistic data was provided on 10 observation wells with a 9-year (2002-2014), which 70% of the data was introduced as training data to the model and 30% of the data was used as a test for calibration of the model. The results of the Election Algorithm predicted Reshtkhar groundwater level for the year 1400, between 14 to 16.5 meters in diffirent areas of the plain. Based on the calculations and the results obtained from the statistical parameters, the Election algorithm was RMSE, R2 and NSE, 0.029, 0.90 and 0.73 respectively, compared with the two methods of artificial neural network and Imperialist Competitive Algorithm has a significant ability to predicte the groundwater level.

    Keywords: Groundwater Level, Election Algorithm, Imperialist Competitive Algorithm, artificial neural network, Peridiction
  • سمیه امامی، یحیی چوپان، میلاد خیری قوجه بیگلو، موسی حسام*

    کمبود منابع آب به ویژه در ایران و بروز خشکسالی های اخیر، دستیابی به یک سیاست جهت تخصیص بهینه ی آب را از اهمیت خاصی برخوردار نموده است. تخصیص بهینه آب تحت شرایط کنترل شده و نیز شرایط اقلیمی و واقعی، در دو دهه گذشته یکی از موارد جلب توجه محققین و مهندسین بوده است. در این پژوهش روشی جدید جهت برآورد و تخصیص بهینه آب ارایه شده است. الگوریتم رقابت استعماری (ICA) یک الگوریتم بهینه سازی جدید می باشد و در مقایسه با سایر الگوریتم های مختلف بهینه سازی، توانایی بهینه سازی همتراز و یا حتی بالاتر را در مسایل مختلف بهینه سازی داراست. این الگوریتم سرعت مناسبی در یافتن جواب بهینه دارد، به عبارت دیگر نرخ همگرایی بالایی دارد و می تواند بهینه سراسری را در یک مسئله بهینه سازی پیدا نماید. در این پژوهش الگوریتم رقابت استعماری برای بهینه سازی مقادیر منابع آب در طی سال های زراعی 82-1370 در مورد شبکه آبیاری و زهکشی صوفی چای برای رسیدن به بهینه ترین سیاست استفاده شد. نتایج اعمال الگوریتم رقابت استعماری به مسئله تخصیص بهینه آب و مقایسه آن با الگوریتم ژنتیک، حاکی از موفقیت 40-35% الگوریتم مورد نظر می باشد. هم چنین نتایج حاکی از آن است که در مجموع با تخصیص بهینه منابع آب بین بخش های مختلف (کشاورزی و خدمات)، حدود 40 درصد درآمدهای حاصله نسبت به وضعیت کنونی بهبود می یابد.

    کلید واژگان: منابع آب, بهینه سازی, کشاورزی, خشکسالی
    Somayeh Emami, Yahya Choopan, Milad Kheiry Goje Biglo, Mosa Hesam *

    Water scarcity especially in Iran and the recent drought, achieving a water policy is of important particular. Optimal water collocation under controlled and climatic and real conditions, in the past two decades, it has been one of the major concerns of researchers and engineers. The main purpose of this research is to use the imperialist competitive algorithm (ICA) to estimate and water allocation. the imperialist competitive algorithm is a new optimization algorithm and compared with other optimization has par or even higher ability to optimize a variety of issues. This algorithm for finding the optimal solution is speed. In other words, an optimal convergence rate is high and can find global optimized in optimization problems. In this study, ICA was used for optimizing water resources values from 1991 to 2003 agriculture years about the Sofi-Chay drainage network to achieve the most optimal policy. The results of the application of the ICA to the issue of water allocation and compared with genetic algorithm results indicate that the proposed method is very successful. The results showed that the results of the implementation of the ICA algorithm in comparison with the genetic algorithm are very close to the measured values of water allocated. The results showed that the results of the implementation of the ICA algorithm compared with the Genetic algorithm is very close to the measured values of water allocated. Also, the results showed that the lowest amount of water allocation in the 4th study area in 1997-2003 and the highest amount of water allocation in the 1st study area in 1991-1994 and 1998-1999. The results showed that the results of the implementation of the ICA algorithm in comparison with the genetic algorithm are very close to the measured values of water allocated. Also, the results showed that the lowest amount of water allocation in the 4th study area in 1997-2003 and the highest amount of water allocation in the 1st study area in 1991-1994 and 1998-1999. The results also indicate that generally, optimal water resource allocation between different parts (agriculture and services), 40% of the proceeds is recovering from the current situation.

    Keywords: Water Resources, optimization, Agriculture, Drought
  • میلاد خیری قوجه بیگلو*، علیرضا پیل پایه

    استفاده بهینه از منابع آب یکی از کهن ترین هدف های بشر است. امروزه با توجه به هدف ها و کاربردهای چندگانه سدها، به کارگیری تمهیدات مناسب برای بهره برداری از سرریزها و مخازن سدها اهمیت بالایی دارد. هدف این تحقیق دستیابی به طول و ارتفاع بهینه برای سرریز اوجی است. به منظور تعیین تابع هدف، تغییرات طول سرریز در محدوده 10 تا 30 متر و دوره بازگشت سیلاب طراحی در محدوده 1000 تا 10000 سال در نظر گرفته شد. با ابزار الگوریتم ژنتیک، بهینه سازی در محیط نرم افزار MATLAB انجام شد. در این تحقیق، تاثیر طول و ارتفاع سرریز بر هزینه ساخت سرریز بررسی و با استفاده از مدل رگرسیون، رابطه های تحلیلی برای آن ارائه شد. نتایج تحقیق نشان می دهد طول بهینه برای سرریز 14/4متر و ارتفاع بهینه 31/47متر است. به طورکلی طراح برای طول و ارتفاع سرریز اوجی سد بالا رود، به ترتیب 28 و 34 درصد را به عنوان حاشیه اطمینان در نظر گرفته است. انتخاب این مقادیر، هزینه پروژه را به طور چشمگیر افزایش می دهد؛ که نیازمند بازنگری مهندسان در انتخاب حاشیه اطمینان مناسب برای ابعاد سرریز با در نظر گرفتن جمیع مولفه هاست.

    کلید واژگان: الگوریتم های فرا ابتکاری, تابع هزینه, حاشیه اطمینان, سازه هیدرولیکی
    Milad Kheiry Ghojeh Biglou *, Alireza Pilpayeh
    Introduction

    The cost of dam construction is very high. A lot of dams are broken due to the water passing through dam crest. The most important factor which causes this is, insufficient spillway capacity. The aim of present study was investigating optimal height and length for Ogee-Crested spillway because such height and length minimizes the cost of spillway construction. In order to determine objective function, the spillway length variations were considered in the range of 10 to 30 m and the flood return period was estimated in the range of 1000 to 10,000 years. Optimization was done with using genetic algorithm in MATLAB software environment. In fact, the aim of this study was investigating the effect of height and length of spillway on the cost of spillway construction, therefore, Analytical relationships presented with using regression model. The main function of Ogee-Crested spillway is providing ideal conditions for passing designed flood from upstream to downstream. Bagatur & Onen in 2016, used gene expression planning (GEP) models as an alternative approach to predicting appearance features and spillway design coefficients and therefore, proposed new relationship, for Ogee-Crested spillway. It was found that GEP is much better than regression model for predicting Ogee-Crested spillway characteristics. Haghbin in 2015 proposed that using multi-objective genetic algorithm can optimize spillway geometrical dimensions. The results of this study provide the appropriate height and length for the spillway.

    Methodology

    The question of this research is, what is the appropriate height and length for the Ogee-Crested spillway of Ballarood Dam? In this study, the Ballarood Reservoir Dam was selected as a case study and genetic algorithm process was used for optimizing this issue. First, objective function was coded and then, this function was added to the MATLAB software. In order to provide Spillway cost function, spillway length variations were considered within the range of 10 to 30 m. In modeling with using genetic algorithm method, first, the length component was divided into discrete data which included integer numbers from 10 to 30.Keeping in view each optimization problem has its decision variables, constraints, and objective function. The decision variables of this present study, namely the Ballarood Dam spillway decision variables, included height (P), length (L), and flood return period (T). The models derived from algorithm modeled with using regression, and their meaningful level was obtained.

    Results and Discussion

    In this study, after determining objective function and choosing suitable operators, optimization was done with using genetic algorithm; the most appropriate response was reported as problem answer. Considering the maximum design load (Hd = 50.50 m) and (T = 10000 years), the optimum dimensions and costs were obtained by function: The optimal spillway length and height was was found to be 14.4 m and 47.31 m respectively.It needs to be mentioned that the designed Ballarood Dam spillway is 20 meters in length. With optimization by genetic algorithm, this length was reduced to 14.4 meters. Comparison of the results showed that if this amount of spillway had been applied during construction of the dam, it could have saved up to 28% on project implementation economically. The output value for the spillway height in this study was 31.47 m and the operational value for the height was 47.7 m. Comparison of these two data indicates 34% higher altitude allocation for the margin of confidence.

    Conclusions

    One of the goals of this study was reducing costs.  Keeping this in mind, the operational cost for the spillway length and height respectively were 31% and 28% more than designed values, with reduction of spillway length and height, operational costs was greatly reduced. The other goal of this study was   optimizing dimensions of spillway but according to the principles of genetic algorithm, we could not achieve to 100% of this goal. In the other words, the genetic algorithm determines the optimal dimensions but it does not determine the best answer. According to this fact, we can find other optimal dimensions for this problem, which is possible by adding more constraints to the problem. The genetic algorithm has some weaknesses, which include: Extremely high sensitivity to the population size and mutation operators which imposes high costs on the whole project in high reliability dam construction projects. Therefore, we recommend in future dam construction studies the scholars take into consideration the issue of benefits and costs future projects along with consideration of and also the high factor of safety in dam construction projects.

    Keywords: Cost Function, Hydraulic structure, Margin of Confidence, Supra-heuristic Algorithms
  • ارزیابی رفتار مقاومت فشاری بتن سبک سازه ای متشکل از پرلیت، لیکا، الیاف فلزی و میکروسیلیس
    حسین شاددل *، میلاد خیری قوجه بیگلو، عبدالله عنایتی تکله
    با توجه به این که وزن سازه باعث افزایش نیروهای وارده به خصوص نیروهای جانبی مثل زلزله می باشد، پس به این دلیل هر قدر بتوانیم در مسیر سبک سازی ساختمان گام برداریم همان قدر توانسته ایم در برابر نیروی زلزله وارد بر سازه مقاوم باشیم. از آنجا که یکی از روش های تولید بتن سبک استفاده از دانه های سبک می باشد و با توجه به نقش این دانه ها در مقاومت بتن، ارائه طرح اختلاط بهینه برای بتن های سبکدانه اهمیت دارد. نتایج حاصل از آزمایش ها بر روی 140 نمونه، نشان از دست یابی به بتن سبک سازه ای طبق استانداردASTM C330 که حداکثر وزن مخصوص بتن سبک سازه ای را بهkg/m3 1850 و حداقل مقاومت فشاری بتن سبک سازه ای را بهkg/cm3 170 محدود می کند نشان می دهد. می توان با استفاده از پوزولان های با ذرات ریزتر و با تغییر در طرح اختلاط، وزن مخصوص و مقاومت فشاری نمونه ها را به طور صددرصد به حد تعریف شده طبق استانداردASTM C330 رساند.
    کلید واژگان: پوزولان, بتن سبک, مقاومت فشاری, طرح اختلاط
    behavior pattern of Compressive and tensile strength of structural lightweight concrete Consisting perlite, leca and Steel Fiber
    Hossein Shaddel *, milad kheiri ghoje biglu, abdollah enayati tekle
    Considering that the weight of the structure increases the forces involved, especially the lateral forces such as earthquakes, so for this reason, as far as we can take the building path, we have been able to withstand earthquake resistance to the structure. Since, one of the commonly used methods for producing the light eight concrete, utilizes the light weight aggregates with significant role in the concrete strength, proposing the optimized mix-design for the light weight concrete appears to be important. The result of experiments on 140 samples are representative of achieving to structural lightweight concrete according to ASTM C330 Standard which limits the specific gravity of structural light weight concrete to 1850 kg/cm3 and limits the minimum compressive strength of structural lightweight concreteto170 kg/cm3. Specific gravity and compressive strength of samples could be reached to defined limitation according to ASTM C330 Standard by using the very little particles of pozzolans and by changing in mix design
    Keywords: Pozzolan, Structural lightweight concrete, Compressive strength, Mix design
سامانه نویسندگان
  • مهندس میلاد خیری قوجه بیگلو
    مهندس میلاد خیری قوجه بیگلو

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