نادیا میرشکاری

Classification or zoning the health services refer to the specialarrangement of health care supplier units; so that health services could be available with the lowest cost and the highest quality for society. Zoning is done to provide cheaper services and effective and equitable distribution of resources and avoiding unnecessary services.Current study has been done to identify the experiences of other countries. Present study is a systematic and meta-synthesis review which is done by of all Persian and English researches that investigated strategies, patterns, processes, results and experiences of leveling and zoning the health care services that entered in systematic review and by using 7 steps technique of meta-synthesis and combination and integration of obtained findings of systematic review. In this part, all of the researches, documents, reports, and evidences of zoning of active countries with the effective experiences for implementing zoning policy are collected and presented.Most of the documents of health services zoning is in US, Canada, Italy, Brazil, Australia and Cuba.Decreasing the expenses and increasing the safety and satisfaction of patients from health services and lack of coordination and information sharing, are the most important challenges of health care zoning in health systems. Findings of this article mentioned the importance of implementation of services zoning for equitable access to health care and also mentioned benefits and limitations that need to be considered to design an appropriate zoning model.

Plagiarism is the most prevalent type of scientific misconduct, and various rules and strategies have been proposed to combat it in different countries. A review of other countries' experiences in this area contributes to good policymaking. The present study was conducted to introduce preventive interventions of plagiarism in the leading countries. The present study was a qualitative review study of applied practices. In this study, preventive interventions of scientific plagiarism in the 27 European ::::::::union:::::::: countries were studied due to the appropriate coherence and structural similarity at national, organizational, and individual levels. The national-level interventions were analyzed using the content analysis method in mentioned countries. The results of analyzing the national-level interventions were categorized into eight main themes, including reaching a national agreement on examples of scientific plagiarism and misconduct; policy development; monitoring and supervision; financial support development; development of databanks and software; compiling educational programs for faculty members and students; dissemination and use of successful experiences; and eventually establishment of laws related to scientific misconduct, plagiarism, and punishments activities. Using preventive interventions at a national level proves the commitment and determination of policymakers to control and prevent plagiarism. Proper use of preventive interventions at a national level strengthens the controlling and preventive infrastructures of this issue at the organizational level, and enhances moral commitment and professional skills among the country's researchers.

  Patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) have lung function impairment and reduced ability to perform physical activity, which together reduces the quality of their life. The aim of this study was to determine the health status of patients with COPD in the bronchoscopy section of a hospital in Kerman, Iran. In this cross‐sectional study included 96 patients (53 outpatients and 43 inpatients) with diagnosis of COPD who were admitted in the bronchoscopy ward of a hospital in Kerman, Iran. Sampling was performed randomly. For data collection, the individual information form and the COOP/WONCA questionnaire were used. Data analysis was performed using SPSS-18. The majority of patients with COPD were men and were 61‒80 years of age. Individuals with a diploma and higher education had higher health status. There was a significant positive correlation between all of the dimensions (physical function, mental status, daily activities, social activities, changes in health and general health status) of the questionnaire and the age and length of stay in hospital. Between mean scores of smokers, married and admitted patients, with all aspects of the questionnaire were significant (p<0.05) except changes in health. It seems that by measuring the changes in the health status of patients with COPD, assessing the impact of receiving treatment and further studies in this area, it would be possible to prioritize and plan large-scale programs to address them

Various medical devices, while helping professionals, have charged lots of costs to the health system, the purchase of medical devices for hospitals based on previous needs assessment, will have a significant impact on reducing costs and providing better health services. So, this study was done to investigate needs assessment status of medical devices purchase in the Kerman University of medical sciences. The present study is descriptive that was a cross-sectional study in Kerman University of Medical Sciences in 2012. The study population was 71 of purchase experts and users of medical devices who were studied with census method. A questionnaire which reliability and validity were approved was used for data collection. Data analysis was carried with using descriptive statistic and one sample t -test through spss17. The results obtained from the t-test were at level of significance and pay attention to the use of appropriate medical devices (3.69 ± 0.75), physical factors (3.48 ±0.78), outside environment information (3.45 ± 0.73) and medical devices planning (3.18 ± 0.69) were assessed desirable. But pay attention to stakeholders participation component was undesirable (0.58 ± 2.50) (0.05> p). It seems that the use of systematic and scientific approach for evaluation of activities, workplace and functional limitations will help to identify the user’s need to the medical devices.