فهرست مطالب نازفر آقازاده

The natural hazards are impossible to avoid, and infrastructure elements and communities cannot be made totally invulnerable. The only viable solution is the complex risk analysis and subsequent development of combination of mitigation and adaptation strategies Floods are the most common natural disaster type worldwide. Between 1995 and 2015, 2.3 billion people were affected by floods, con siderably more than any other type of natural disaster event. In general, the Givi Chai basin includes two cities, Khalkhal and Kausar. In recent years, floods have caused damage to gardens and facilities due to spring and summer rains to the extent that the villages that are located under the Sangur Chai basin because of being located at the source of the rivers and mainly in the course of the rivers are affected by floods; also in the whole basin due to droughts and the destruction of vegetation and the increase of man-made areas, the amount of impermeability has increased. Considering that Khalkhal is a mountainous area and is one of the areas sensitive to landslides in Azariaijan region, heavy rainfall and floods can wash away the slopes of this area.

The Givi Chai basin in the south of Ardabil province with an area of 1554 square kilometers is one of the 3rd degree basins of Sefidroud, which is located in the geographical coordinates of 48°4' E longitude to 48°38' E longitude 37°27' N latitude 37°55' N latitude. In order to achieve the goals of this research, firstly, the theoretical foundations and the works done in connection with flood zoning of basins in Iran and outside Iran were examined. Many variables are effective in the flood of basins. In this research, from the 1.100000 geological map, the slope maps were obtained using the digital height model map; the land use map was obtained through the classification of the  Maximum Likelihood  in ENVI software. In addition, using the digital model of the height of resolution  to extract, a drainage density map was prepared using the Line density tool. In this research, using the FAHP fuzzy hierarchical analysis model, Expert CHOISE software was used for weighting the layers, and finally, a map was prepared in the Arc GIS environment using gamma 0.5, 0.7 and 0.9The basin was flooded.

After preparing the effective factors for zoning the flood potential of the basin, the gamma fuzzy operators of 0.5, 0.7 and 0.9 were used. 37 floods have occurred in the studied basin from 1365 to 1399 in different parts and villages, which caused the destruction of rural houses, gardens, agricultural lands and livestock. In order to determine the final flood map, points were randomly selected on the zoning map, then the correlation level was obtained based on the specified points with each of the criteria in the ARC GIS software. Based on the results obtained from the correlation, the highest correlation level is related to gamma 0.9. Vegetation has the highest correlation of 0.5 and lithology has the lowest correlation with gamma of 0.9 and 0.062. Also, the last flood occurred in the studied basin in the villages of Mustafa Lo, Bolokan, Morestan and Khoda Qeshlagi, which are located in the high-risk zone according to the final flood zoning map.

In this research, using the FAHP model, flood potential zoning has been evaluated in Givi Chai basin. The data of height, slope, lithology, precipitation, vegetation, soil hydrology, distance from the river, drainage density and land use have been used for flood zoning. After preparing the zoning map, the studied basin was divided into five classes based on the severity of flooding: very low, low, medium, high, very high. The results obtained from the flood zoning of Givi Chai basin have shown that the largest area of the studied basin, which is 0.9 gamma scale, has the highest correlation. The strata with very low, low and medium potential, gamma 0.5  0.7, were showed. cover the area of Givi Chai basin. Also, the final flood map of the basin was validated with the villages that have been damaged by floods in recent years. The areas which are more exposed to floods are in the regions that have very low permeability in terms of lithology and hydrology of the soil and in the areas where the vegetation cover as less as.

Studies have shown that the role of thermal temperature measurement in studying and estimating surface temperature is very important. Earth surface temperature is an important indicator in the study of equilibrium energy models on the ground at the regional and global scale. Due to the limitation of meteorological stations, remote sensing can be a good alternative to earth surface temperature estimation. The main objective of this study is to monitor the surface temperature of the Earth using satellite imagery and a relationship that can have a surface temperature with land use. For this purpose, the relevant images were first obtained and the necessary pre-processes were applied to each one. Then it was compared to modeling and classification of images. Firstly, in order to study land use change, land use classification map was extracted for each two years using a controlled classification method. Then, to study the land use change, the land use change map was extracted for a period of 28 years (1987-2015). Became finally, in order to monitor the surface temperature, the surface temperature map of Meshginshahr was extracted. The results showed that there is a strong relationship between land use and surface temperature. High-vegetation areas and low-temperature blue areas. Also, rainfed farming has the highest average temperature relative to adjacent areas, which indicates the dryness of agricultural products in the Meshginshahr city.

During the last years, following an increase in damages due to occurrence of landslides, human has decided to reduce such losses. Therefore, identifying regions susceptible to landslide and classifying them can partly help man to prevent from happening above phenomena. The current study aims to demonstrate factors contributing to occurrence of landslide in Candrigh Chay basin and then, flattening the basin regarding risks related to landslide event using one methods, Network Analysis Process. In this direction, as respects to basin morphology and also, findings of past researches , ten factors involved in occurring landslides in Candrigh Chay Basin were recognized and used : lithology , land use , rainfall , slope , slope aspect , road slide , sluice power index (SPI), sediment transfer index (STI).Network Analysis Process(ANP) Method was implemented to score and classify factors and  scales. Was carried out in order to measure classes of each parameter. The final map showed that the basin has 4 classes considering landslide. Findings reveal flats with low risk and flats with high risk have the least area in Candrigh Chay basin. On the other hand, flats with medium risk and high risk allocate the most area of basin for themself. Comparing slid surfaces with flats facing risks indicates regions located at high and average risk class possess most areas of slide surfaces so that a flat involving very high risk  and a flat with high risk devote 35 percent (79km²) and 32/6 (72km²) of landslides for themselves, respectively. In other words, more than 77 percent of landslides conform to flats covering very high and average risk. Moreover, petrology, slope, and, sluice slide were identified as the most effective agents in occurring land_slides. One models, Network Analysis Process (ANP) were utilized through this project

Power assessment and evaluation of one It is one of the important stages of development planning Which assists development planners and policymakers in preparing appropriate plans for the future. Last year, however, geotourism, as a new and innovative word, considered the role of special importance in the development of the tourism industry of the countries. Shorsoo on the banks of the Mordagh Chay River in the village of Shaykh al-Islam, in the city of Malekan, the water of this spring in the form of a pool, miraculously cures more skin diseases, rheumatism and knee pain, and calms mental illness and depression. In this regard, the aim of the present study is to evaluate the potential and talents of geotechnical and cultural tourism in the Shursu region. The research method is applied in terms of purpose and descriptive-analytical and evaluative in terms of approach. Data and information were obtained from documents and field research (questionnaire) and Reynards and Pereira patterns were used to analyze the information. (4.5), conservation value (2.25) and applied value (2.5) have obtained (23.08) percent of the standard level of the model, respectively. (0.46) were evaluated with quality level (moderate) and (poor), respectively. Of the value-added sub-indices, ecological (moderate to poor), cultural (good), aesthetic (good) and economic (poor) sub-indices have been evaluated.