فهرست مطالب ناصر اقبالی

The present study aims to investigate the impact of institutional and physical factors on regional development policy-making, with a focus on religious tourism. This research is considered applied, employing a descriptive-analytical method, and utilizing both library-documentary and field data collection methods. The statistical population comprised provincial and county experts as well as senior managers, selected via snowball sampling. A sample size of 30 individuals completed the questionnaire, which demonstrated reliability and validity. The findings revealed that institutional factors positively and significantly influence regional development policy-making concerning religious tourism (path coefficient = 0.223, indicating a moderate level of impact), as do physical factors (path coefficient = 0.565). Moreover, institutional factors positively and significantly impact physical factors (path coefficient = 0.609). The results showed that institutional factors have a positive and significant impact on regional development policy-making with a focus on religious tourism. Additionally, physical factors have a positive and significant impact on regional development policy-making with a focus on religious tourism. On the other hand, institutional factors have a positive and significant impact on physical factors. These results highlight the interplay between institutional and physical factors in shaping regional development policy-making for religious tourism.

Free zones are gateways to world markets by taking advantage of the potentials and opportunities of the domestic economy in international trade. If the goal of the country's development is to develop the areas outside the big cities so that it includes all the rural areas in addition to the cities, one of the most important efforts is to pay attention to the small towns and somehow determine and evaluate their role in the development of the region. is In this research, the role of Aras Free Trade Zone in the development of medium and small cities has been evaluated. The main purpose of the research is to investigate the role of the Aras Free Zone on the development of medium and small cities around. The collection of information was done in two ways: library and field. The statistical population studied are the residents of small and medium towns around the region. The reason for choosing this community is the impact of Aras Free Zone on the lives of these residents. 150 of these people were randomly selected; Also, Cochran's formula was used to estimate the sample size. Cronbach's alpha method was used to measure the reliability of the research. Factor analysis and Spearman's test were used for the analysis. According to the results obtained from the questionnaires and the analytical test, Aras Free Zone is an effective factor in the development of small and medium cities and has caused the economic and social development of these cities. Suggestions for further development of small and medium cities have been presented. 

Free zones serve as gateways to global markets, capitalizing on the potentials and opportunities of the domestic economy in international trade. If the country's development goal encompasses the expansion beyond major urban centers to encompass all rural areas as well, it is imperative to prioritize attention to small cities and delineate their role in regional development. Over the past few decades, one of the pivotal economic policies pursued by the country's decision-makers and policymakers has been the establishment and implementation of commercial-industrial free zones. This policy has been driven by various objectives, including enhancing the competitiveness of the national economy, gradual integration into the global economy, regional development, alleviating deprivation, attracting both foreign and domestic capital, creating new employment opportunities, acquiring advanced technology, and augmenting exports. Presently, metropolitan areas in developing countries are witnessing robust growth, absorbing the majority of the country's resources, services, and capital. Nonetheless, they grapple with a myriad of urban challenges such as housing shortages, escalating unemployment rates, marginalization, transportation issues, and deficiencies in other urban services, compounded by environmental degradation. Conversely, other areas within these countries, such as medium-sized cities, small towns, and rural regions, have lagged behind in development, experiencing stagnation and impediments to progress. Global experiences underscore the importance of addressing the problems of major cities and achieving spatial population distribution balance and regional development, with a strong emphasis on supporting small cities.The establishment of commercial-industrial free zones lags behind in many countries' measures and development plans for underdeveloped areas. Each new economic endeavor carries significant potential for the host region's development. Successful economic activities generate added value and profitability, serving as incentives to attract further investment, thereby increasing job opportunities for local residents. Hence, it is crucial to prioritize attention to small cities and assess their role in regional development. This research evaluates the role of the Aras Free Trade Zone in fostering the development of medium and small cities. The primary objective is to examine the impact of the Aras Free Zone on the development of the surrounding medium and small cities, namely the central part, Jolfa city, Hadi Shahr, and Siehroud part.

The research methodology follows a descriptive-analytical approach with practical objectives. Data collection involves documentary methods and field studies to explore the role of the Aras Free Trade Zone in the development of medium and small cities, utilizing interviews and questionnaires. Data analysis is based on existing data and survey results from residents of small and medium cities surrounding the region, chosen due to the impact of the Aras Free Zone on their lives. The statistical population consists of residents of small and medium cities in the vicinity, with 150 individuals randomly selected using Cochran's formula to estimate the sample size. Cronbach's alpha coefficient is utilized to ensure the reliability of the research, particularly useful for measuring the internal consistency of Likert-type scales. A pre-test with 10% of the sample population was conducted to validate the questionnaire, and Cronbach's alpha coefficient was calculated using SPSS software, confirming the questionnaire's validity with a coefficient exceeding 0.80. Data analysis employs the factor analysis model and Spearman correlation coefficient in SPSS software.

The establishment of successful free zones has the potential to attract capital from cities of any size and dimension, leading to optimal management practices, mitigating cultural, social, and service-related issues, fostering peace and comfort, implementing justice, and boosting morale through participation. However, small and medium cities encounter their own set of challenges. Without appropriate plans and strategies to address urban management issues at national, regional, and local levels, these problems persist. Neglecting the development of small cities and lower-tier urban areas while focusing solely on high-level plans and investments exacerbates disparities, leading to imbalanced population distribution nationally and regionally. This imbalance poses a significant challenge for governments, as achieving balanced spatial development is crucial for national economic and social progress. Urban centers, characterized by their strength and prosperity, tend to repel labor and population, attracting more resources and opportunities, while peripheral areas, including small cities and rural regions, often struggle with poverty and underdevelopment. Addressing these disparities is essential for fostering sustainable and inclusive growth.

The results reveal that out of the 34 indices utilized in this study, 12 factors were identified, all possessing high eigenvalues, collectively explaining 68.7% of the variance. The first factor, with an eigenvalue of 3.911, elucidates 11.5% of the variance and exerts the most significant influence among the 12 factors, primarily within the economic domain. The second factor, comprising four indices, has an eigenvalue of 3.172, explaining 9.3% of the variance, ranking second. The third factor encompasses three loaded indices with an eigenvalue of 2.645, accounting for 7.8% of the variance. The fourth factor, composed of four indices, has an eigenvalue of 2.272 and explains 6.6% of the variance. Factors five through twelve have eigenvalues of 1.118, 0.971, 0.449, 0.223, 0.873, 0.394, 0.240, and 0.141, respectively, indicating lower variances. Based on the results, various components such as employment generation, income increase, economic development of small and medium regions, social development of small and medium regions, rapid provision of infrastructure, increase in domestic production and handicrafts, improvement in green spaces and tourist destinations, increased income from transport services, improved public services in surrounding areas, and rapid service delivery to small and medium regions around the Aras Free Trade Zone were identified. The findings demonstrate an increased dependency of small and surrounding areas on the Aras Free Zone.Furthermore, the correlation coefficient test employing Spearman's correlation coefficient between the development of the Aras Free Zone and the development of small and medium cities revealed a significant and positive relationship, indicating that an increase in one leads to a corresponding increase in the other. Therefore, the development of the Aras Free Zone has significantly contributed to the economic and social growth of small and medium cities, including the central district, Jolfa city, Hadi Shahr, and Siehroud part. Additionally, it has led to reduced migration from these cities to other areas, attributable to employment opportunities and economic growth and development in small and medium cities.

A free zone is a certain territory that is often located inside or adjacent to a port, where free trade is allowed to other parts of the world, and goods can be imported or exported from this zone without paying customs duties and taxes. . Free trade zones play a very important role in the economic development of countries in the world. Every new economic activity will have a great impact on the development of the host. Successful economic activity leads to the creation of added value and profitability, an incentive and incentive to attract more investors in the region, which means an increase Job opportunities are filled by local people. With the creation of new job opportunities, the welfare level in the region will be improved. Due to the importance of this issue, this research analyzes the economic development of Aras Free Trade Zone. The main purpose of the research is the development rate of the cities of Aras Free Zone and the ranking of each. The present research is in the category of applied research and in terms of method, it is in the framework of descriptive-analytical method. Data collection was done in two ways: library and field. The statistical population under study is the residents and employees of the municipal offices of the cities around the region. The reason for choosing this community is the impact of the Aras Free Zone on the lives of these residents and the awareness of the elites and employees. 50 of these people were randomly selected; Also, Cochran's formula was used to estimate the sample size. Cronbach's alpha method was used to measure the reliability of the research. TOPSIS technique and cluster analysis method have been used to investigate the research. The obtained results show that in terms of economic development indicators, Jolfa city ranks first, Hadishehr ranks second, central sector and Siehroud rank 3rd and 4th respectively.

Neglecting local communities in the activities of the tourism industry is considered a fundamental gap in participatory planning in order to achieve sustainable development of tourism. The model of community-oriented tourism development tries to fill a part of this basic gap. The current research, focusing on the community-oriented tourism development model, has sought to determine the participation status of the local residents of Sareen in the field of sustainable tourism, as well as introducing the participatory approach as a strategy for the sustainable development of tourism in the study area. The method of this research is descriptive-analytical, and two documentary and field methods have been used to explain and describe the topic. The purpose of this research was the relationship of social belonging and social participation with the development of sustainable tourism with the mediating role of perceived effects in the local community of Kashan. The participants were 120 people from the community of experts who used Scenario Wizad software in 8 scenarios between economic, social, institutional and environmental factors at the local level, all of which are scales of social belonging, social participation, perceived benefits and costs, and support. For the development of sustainable tourism, they have been examined for a better understanding. Finally, after the final analysis, a general summary of the presentation of the role of each factor has been determined.

The tourism economy serves as the most effective stimulus for countries grappling with an inefficient economy, often caused by overreliance on a single product or limited income sources. Tourism development stands out as a key strategy for fostering economic and social transformation in regions worldwide, consistently attracting the attention of researchers and planners. Iran’s free and special economic zones offer a wide array of tourism opportunities. One such example is the Aras Free Zone in East Azarbaijan province, which, owing to its temperate climate and diverse tourist attractions, attracts a substantial number of tourists and travelers each year. The statistical population for this research comprised 75 residents of the surrounding areas, as well as city officials and experts. The research data were analyzed using the Mann-Whitney test and Spearman’s correlation coefficient. The results revealed that the following factors (in descending order) have the highest ranks: road and communication infrastructure, access to water, access to residences and guest houses, gas infrastructure, access to sports facilities, access to food and nutrition services, access to suitable communication facilities, setting up exhibitions, access to suitable facilities for leisure, transportation suitable for land and intra-city transportation, and appropriate information and advertising.

Community-oriented development is an approach based on which urban management supports the participation of community members in decision-making and management, to use local knowledge and resources to implement more effective projects that play an effective role in urban development and citizen satisfaction, as well as the positive performance of managers. Therefore, it is considered one of the important categories of urban management. In this regard, the current research tries to provide a model of community-oriented urban management in Ahvaz City. For this purpose, the basic and standard dimensions of the community-oriented development approach, which includes social-oriented development based on capacity, cultural identity, social justice, empowerment, strengthening social participation, and social responsibility; It has been analyzed using the structural equation model and PLS software. The research method is applied in terms of purpose and descriptive-analytical in terms of method. The statistical population is experts and senior and middle managers of Ahvaz municipality. Using Cochran's formula, 383 people were selected as the sample size. The results of the pls analysis showed social participation index with a coefficient of 0.857, social responsibility index with a path coefficient of 0.675, social justice index with a path coefficient of 0.542, community-oriented development with a path coefficient of 0.448, empowerment with a path coefficient of 0.427 and cultural identity with a path coefficient of 0.412 respectively have the greatest impact on community-oriented urban management. Using this index in practice, although they differ in terms of importance, they should be taken into consideration in an integrated manner and together, and the greater importance of an index should not lead to ignoring other principles

The purpose of this study is to investigate the effect of Iranian professional auditors' perceptions of their personal and behavioral responsibility on warning about corruption in auditing firms. The need for individual and behavioral responsibility in the organization is such that many organizations have invested heavily in training and strengthening accountability. The present research is of descriptive-survey type and time domain of 2016. The sample consisted of 330 respondents from auditors working in auditing firms, members of the Society of Certified Public Accountants and the auditing organization. To test the research hypotheses, the probability value (T-value) obtained from the model fit in the meaning of the parameters was used using SPSS and AMOS software. Findings showed that Iranian professional auditors' perception of individual responsibility and the consequences of questionable action have a significant effect. In other words, the findings show that Iranian professional auditors' perception of individual responsibility for reporting, Iranian professional auditors' perception of related costs According to the report, the perception of Iranian professional auditors of the consequences of questionable action has a significant effect on the warning of professional auditors in Iran.

Religious tourism is one of the important characteristics of tourism, which includes a significant share of tourism activities. The border city of Mehran has a lot of room for growth and development in terms of religious tourism in terms of its geographical location (Atbat Gate). One of the great opportunities in the field of attracting religious tourists in this city is the Arbaeen walking ritual, which can contribute to regional development. have a significant impact. In this regard, the present thesis has studied the border city of Mehran with the aim of investigating regional development policies with the approach of religious tourism. The research method is applied in terms of purpose and descriptive-analytical in terms of method. The statistical population includes experts and senior managers of provinces and cities, 30 people were selected as the sample size by snowball method. Structural analysis method and pls software were used for data analysis. The results showed that among the obtained coefficients, the institutional effect obtained the highest score with a coefficient of 0.685, indicating that it has the highest impact on regional development. The economic index with a coefficient of 0.440 ranks second in terms of impact on regional development. Socio-cultural with a coefficient of 0.334 has the third degree of impact on regional development, and physical index with 0.287 and environmental index with 0.118 have an impact on regional development, respectively.

The growing trend of population and urbanization and the emergence of numerous economic, social and environmental problems on the one hand and inefficient methods of management and control of urban development, to solve these problems and bottlenecks on the other hand, has created unhealthy cities. Undoubtedly, one of the main causes of such disorders and instabilities is managerial challenges.In Iran, urban management has been influenced by the government for reasons such as centralism, exogenousness of urban programs and plans, rent economy and oil-based, and has constantly moved away from systematic and integrated management and turned to sectoral management, as well as the urbanization process. And the issues that arise from it are backward and trapped in top-down views and attitudes. This procedure exists in all organizations and urban management departments of the country's cities, and Ahvaz Municipality is no exception to this rule. This study aims to comprehensively review the background and views of researchers who have worked in this field, to assess the level of satisfaction of Ahvaz citizens with the performance of urban management in Ahvaz municipality based on indicators of good urban governance to determine the role Recognize the performance of city managers in a scientific way on citizen satisfaction. Therefore, the research question is: What are the most important governance indicators affecting the performance of urban management in Ahvaz? What is the role of governance indicators on managers' performance satisfaction?

This research is applied in terms of purpose and in terms of method is in the category of descriptive-analytical research. Data collection in this study is documentary and field studies and the data collection tool is a questionnaire. Research indicators are counted from theoretical foundations and studies. The statistical population included the citizens of Ahvaz. According to the latest census, the statistical population is 1184788 people, which is considered as a sample size using the Cochran's formula and a simple random method of 384 people. To assess the validity of the extracted indicators, face validity was used. For this purpose, a questionnaire in which the research indicators were designed was provided to 30 participants. For reliability of the questionnaire, Cronbach's alpha test was used. The test results obtained with a coefficient of 0.763 indicate the reliability and reliability of the questionnaire. In order to analyze the data and answer the research question, SPSS software and structural equation method and pls model were used.

The reliability of the indicators, convergent validity and divergent validity were used to measure the fit of the measurement model. Cronbach's alpha values ​​for all indices are greater than 0.7 and indicate acceptable reliability. Combined reliability criterion is another evaluation criterion for determining the reliability of structures in the partial least squares method. Given that a value above 0.7 is acceptable for this criterion, it can be concluded that the value of all indicators is acceptable and the proper fit of the measurement models is confirmed. Regarding the indicators of the present study, the values ​​of divergent validity criteria in the first row of the column of each index are higher than other values ​​obtained for the same index and the mean value of variance extracted for the index is above 0.5 and is acceptable. Therefore, divergent validity of indicators is also acceptable. In the present study, the coefficient of determination (R2) has been used to evaluate the structural model. The coefficient of determination for the indicators of consensus, efficiency, participation, justice, equality and transparency has been obtained with 0.577, 0.342, 0.538, 0.707, 0.677. This means that 0.577 percent of the changes in consensus and 0.342 percent of the changes in efficiency and 0.5388 of participation and 0.707 of justice and equality and finally 0.677 of transparency by other components of the model Structurally defined. This index is not calculated for exogenous components (in this study, the index of accountability and legality). The study of path coefficients shows that among the obtained coefficients, the effect of efficiency and effectiveness on governance with the coefficient of 0.839 has the highest score and indicates that it has the highest impact on the formation of governance. The orbital law index with a coefficient of 0.791 is in second place in terms of influencing the formation of governance. Participation with a coefficient of 0.770 of the third degree has the effect on the formation of governance and consensus index with 0.728, accountability index with 0.696, accountability index with 0.678, transparency index with 0.637 And the index of justice and equality with 0.604 have an effect on the occupation of governance, respectively. Finally, good governance with a coefficient of 0.745 will affect the performance of city managers.

The performance of urban management and its application in the level of management satisfaction can be evaluated by measuring the indicators of good urban governance such as participation, transparency, responsibility, accountability, efficiency and effectiveness, rule of law, justice and equality, consensus. Achieving these principles can be used as a communication mechanism between citizens and managers and the organization's appropriate response to citizens and clients and ultimately satisfaction with the performance of city managers. Therefore, it can be said that one of the important components in improving the performance of urban management is to achieve citizen satisfaction.The results of the study of path coefficients show that among the obtained coefficients, the effect of efficiency and effectiveness on governance with the coefficient of 0.839 has the highest score and indicates that it has the highest impact on the formation of governance.

Urban regeneration from the point of view of non -active defense means reducing the vulnerability of buildings, facilities, equipment and urban and regional arteries through natural hazard management and social mobilization (popular participation) in reducing damages related to inefficient tissues. Be In this regard, the aim of the present study is to analyze the effective factors in achieving the principles of passive defense in the regeneration plans of Qarchak city using grounded theory. In terms of the purpose, the current research is part of the fundamental and descriptive researches, and in terms of the method, it is included in the group of qualitative researches. The sample size for interviewing experts in the framework of final theoretical saturation using targeted sampling, 18 experts (experts, university professors and city managers of Qarchak) were selected. The grand theory method was also used to analyze the data. The result of interviews with experts to analyze the effective factors in achieving the principles of passive defense in regeneration plans in Qarchak city using contextual theory, including 6 core codes (causal, contextual, intervening, strategic conditions) consequences and obstacles). Causal conditions from 5 categories and 16 concepts, contextual conditions from 4 categories and 15 concepts, intervening conditions from 5 categories and 13 concepts, strategies from 3 categories and 11 concepts, consequences from 5 categories and 14 concepts, and finally, the obstacles consist of 7 categories and 17 concepts.

The formation and development of new towns has always been associated with the main cities of the region and the reduction of their dependence on the main city has been considered as one of the indicators of their planning success. However, changes and increasing the number of access routes to new cities is one of their necessities in the divisions of the country, which strongly affects the housing system in new cities. In this study, while reviewing the factors affecting the success of cities from the perspective of national divisions, the dimensions of planning and housing management in the two new cities of Andisheh and Pardis will be studied. One-sample t-test, one-way analysis of variance and Scheffe post hoc test were used to investigate the subject. The results of t-test show that among the 7 indicators studied, only the infrastructure-physical index with an acceptable average (3.57) has a favorable status. Meanwhile, the overall index of housing planning and management was below the set value with an average of 3.20. The results of ANOVA analysis of variance show that the dimensions of living satisfaction in the two new cities of Andisheh and Pardis are different. Thus, it can be concluded that the living conditions in the new city of Andisheh are better than the Pardis and the managerial and political conditions (in terms of national divisions) in the new Town of Pardis are better than those of the Andisheh.

Traditional- historical textures are the undeniable realities of cities that have a historical background. Members and area of the city who continued to live their life, not so much ago and they were receptive to the comings and goings and material and spiritual transactions of the people of that time. In other words, the ancient textures of the city are creative and lively places to understand the state of human beings in the world and their connection with the past; it is a place for changing the environment and changing the perspective of life (rajabi,1397:52). Due to the historical power and attractions of the old textures in the neighborhoods of cities, creating a "neighborhood museum" in cities is a strong possibility for many cities which based on it, revival of historical texture is possible. Historical neighborhoods are the main elements of historical textures and the scene of many historic events and linking of the cultural and historical spaces of the city, which showing the social and cultural identity of the city throughout history. In this regard, one of the Courses of action to preserve, maintain and enhance this texture is using creative regeneration pattern. That is based on the connection between economics, culture and producing creative and innovative places. In this filed, the historical centers of the cities have unique capacities for building and revitalizing the creative spaces needed to attract and retain innovative groups. One of the patterns of creative re-creation in the historical context of the city is the transforming the city into a neighborhood museum. Museum-Neighborhoods are also valuable sites in terms of national and local culture and it is also a powerful collection for producing wealth and financial gain. Tehran in the present era, because it is place of many historical actions and influential events in the country, It has several historical sites which indicate the ups and downs of the city. Therefore, considering the historical monuments and the high capacity of these monuments in the Tehran’s 12 district, it is possible to turn the neighborhoods of this area into an open space museum and use these monuments as museum objects. Which this action, while protecting the valuable historical sites, It will be an action towards improving the neighborhood's economic potential, revitalization of historical neighborhood of districts and urban regeneration in these neighborhoods. So the main issue in this research is presenting the pattern of the neighborhood museum in the historical textures of the Tehran’s district 12.

This research is applied in terms of purpose and is descriptive-analytical and correlation in terms of data collection. Also in this study, at first by using non-random sampling of snowballs has been identified and interview with experts. Then by using random sampling method, a questionnaire was distributed among the residents of Tehran 12 district. The sample size in the present study was 371by using Cochran's formula. Two methods, library and field, have been used to collect information. The analysis in the present study was performed using software, SMART PLS, SPSS.

After a deep interview with experts in geography and social sciences, dimensions, components and main characteristics of the neighborhood museum and valuable historical textures was extracted by using content analysis method, the final research model in the form of external reflection model of standard coefficients estimate and the external reflection model in the form of significant coefficients were obtained. The main components were identified to present the pattern of the neighborhood museum in the valuable historical textures that economic component (historical texture) with 94 percent agreement and an average rating of 9.9, physical and social component with 92 and 93 percent agreement and an average rating of 8.8, are known as the most important components of a network organization. On the other hand, the economic component of the neighborhood museum was ranked 7.7 and the physical component was ranked in third and fourth. And finally, the institutional component with an average of 5 rank has the last rank.

In the present study, the aim was to present the model of the neighborhood museum in the historical textures of cities; case study is Tehran 12 district. At first, while examining the current situation in this region, the existing problems and issues in the neighborhood including: social problems, texture wear, and physical instability, low level of urban services, low quality of life and security was analyzed. After a deep interview with experts the dimensions, components and characteristics of the research were extracted and a questionnaire was prepared. And after analyzing the questionnaire by using the mentioned software, the status and impact of each of the extracted components was achieved in the neighborhood museum and the proposed model for the neighborhood museum model has been endorsed to preserve and enhance valuable historical texture.

The physical growth and development of the metropolis of Tehran over the past few decades has doubled the need to pay attention to the principles of passive defense in the framework of development planning in the surrounding areas. And this attention to the issue of passive defense on the policy and performance of urban plans, especially the reconstruction of worn-out tissue, It had a profound effect. In this regard, the purpose of this study is to Analysis of the Status of passive defense principles in Urban Regeneration Projects of Metropolitan Peripheral Area (Case study: Qarchak city). This research in terms of applied purpose and in terms of the nature and method of research, It's a survey. The data required for the research have been collected by documentary-field method (questionnaire and observation). The statistical population of the present study includes residents of Qarchak dilapidated neighborhoods (Davudabad, Ferdis, Mohammadabad, Mafiabad and Vali Abad) (84855 people), the sample size was determined using Cochran's formula of 383 people. SPSS software was used to analyze the data. The results of t-test in all the studied items according to the average obtained less than number (3), indicate the unsatisfactory status of the reconstruction projects in order to achieve the principles of passive defense in the city of Qarchak. Also, the results of the field study of the area and the study of the documentary sources of the developed plans show the non-observance of the passive defense categories in the urban regeneration plans that have been carried out in recent years (in the target neighborhoods).

Tourism has always been one of the most important and effective factors in economic dynamism and sustainable development of any country. It became known as medical tourism.In recent decades, economic statistics have shown that strategic planning in the tourism industry, especially health tourism, has been one of the most important factors in the development of cities, especially cities in developed countries. The city of Tehran is also one of the cities with high potential in the field of medical tourism, at the top of which District 6 of Tehran is the most important and most medical centers and hospitals in Tehran. What has caused medical tourism in the city today? Tehran does not have much place, there are obstacles and problems in its way, so the present study evaluates strategic planning with a descriptive-analytical and survey method with a medical tourism development approach in District 6 of Tehran. The statistical population of the present study consists of all tourists and experts in the fields of tourism and health, the sample size of which is a total of 580 people and in order to identify the health tourism strategy in Region 6, the strategic swot technique was used. The results showed. The strategy obtained in the field of medical tourism capacities in District 6 of Tehran is the SO strategy, in which external opportunities can be exploited by using internal strengths.

 

 Religious-historical tourism is considered an important factor in urban development; because it has a high potential to attract tourists and is considered one of the most important and prosperous types of tourism, which has significant effects on various dimensions of society. This study aimed to investigate the indigenous requirements set for the development of religious-historical tourism in Zanjan.

 This descriptive-analytical research is applied in terms of purpose and qualitative in terms of method, which was conducted in Zanjan, Iran, in 2021-2022. 17 experts (specialists, university professors, and Zanjan city managers) were selected for interviews in the framework of final theoretical saturation, using purposive sampling. Data were analyzed using the Grounded theory method.

 39 concepts, 12 semantic units, and 8 categories (advertising, integrated tourism management, infrastructure development, strengthening the culture of tourism, utilization of specialized forces, rules and regulations, development of a strategic plan, and tourism crisis management) were extracted from the interviews with experts using contextual theory.

 Religious-historical tourism has been effective in Zanjan city development in terms of developing an indigenous model. The proposed suggestions in the form of categories are important to the sustainable development of religious-historical tourism in Zanjan city.

Today, historical-religious tourist attractions have played an effective role in rebuilding the life of cities throughout history and today. The growth and development of many cities has been rooted in the historical and religious function of those cities and sometimes has given these cities a global status and role. In this regard, the purpose of this study is to Strategies for the development of religioushistorical tourism in the city of Zanjan. The present research is descriptive in nature and method and applied-developmental in terms of purpose. For data analysis, software (Expert Choice) and model (SWOT) were used. The results of the SWOT model show the superiority of strengths and opportunities over weaknesses and threats, therefore, the macro strategy will be a competitive strategy. The results of the software (Expert Choice) showed that among the opportunities (promotion of sustainable tourism development indicators) with the amount of weight obtained (0.018), Among the strengths (Meeting the spiritual and spiritual needs of the pilgrims) with the amount of weight gained (0.014), Among the weaknesses (lack of applications for the management of historical and religious attractions) by weight (0.015) And finally, among the threats (non-cooperation of cultural heritage in the field of construction and restoration of religious and historical buildings and traditional advertising and information systems to increase awareness in the field of religious tourism in this city) with the weight gained (0.014), They had the most impact on the four strategies.

This study examines the principles and criteria that lead to the adoption of a city - a case study: Sahebgharraniyeh Tehran district - is underway. The NLAS method has been used as the main research method and indicator in this research. In this research, we tried to evaluate the methodology of the NLAS method in Sahebgharriyeh neighborhood using the method of analysis of the hierarchical method of analysis of the NLAS method and to analyze the status of living in Sahebgharrani neighborhood based on the received responses and their analysis. Detailed analyzes based on factor analysis and hierarchical analysis method show that Sahebqaranieh's habitat status is based on three indicators of facilities and services, local economy dynamics and visual landscape situation and environmental pollution and its related components. After summing up Related items and calculation of general indices indicate that the local economy's dynamics indices with a mean of 0.96 and T-value of 968 / resulted in decreasing the viability of Sahebqaraniye neighborhood. But with 95 percent confidence, Sahebgharriyeh neighborhood can be considered as individual and social security indexes, identity and sense of place belonging, facilities and services needed, and the status of the visual landscape and the environmental pollution of the habitat.

One of the most important current challenges of cities is the issue of privacy management and protection, so that the unregulated growth and formation of these urban backgrounds are confusing and the center of many problems, and significant heterogeneity and instability of privacy zones with urban areas are noticeable. Tehran Region Ⅳ municipal privacy has faced major challenges in the sustainable development system over the past decades. To achieve sustainable development. The present research in terms of the type of research (quantitative and qualitative) with reference to the study area (research environment) is a quantitative, survey and positivist type and also in terms of purpose, applied research, development and based on the nature and method The work is a comparative and analytical research and the technique of collecting information in the form of documentary (library) information. The results of this adaptation led to the output and findings of two main approaches in urban planning, a: "Green Belt", the main strategies of European countries, and b: "Scope of transboundary power", the main strategies of the United States of America, and finally citing the findings. Research proposals provide general and macro-level proposals in relation to the privacy of all cities, as well as specific and micro-proposals in relation to the privacy of the municipality of District Ⅳ of Tehran to address existing challenges and achieve sustainable development

Urban areas are often considered important tourism destinations due to their historical and cultural attractions. Urban tourism creates a great cultural, social and economic opportunity for the world's metropolises. Historical and old textures, due to the nostalgic, architectural, cultural and valuable buildings that are symbols of the economic, religious and social conditions of that time, are one of the vital, influential and important urban tourism destination. However, these days, with the growth of urbanization, the land use of these textures has been changed and deteriorated. In this regard, the approach of tourism in the field of reviving the old textures of cities, especially textures that have historical value and identity, has been considered. District 12 of Tehran, has not yet achieved its status as an active, coherent and organized destination, despite the presence of valuable monuments, which play vital role in preserving urban authenticity and identity and also as an important tourism destination and a significant source of income.  In this regard, it is necessary to make special planning. The tourism development approach, as mentioned earlier, provides a beneficial basis for the preservation, revitalization, reconstruction and development of such textures. The same method that has been used in developed countries for many years and to be implemented in our country requires the study and analysis of appropriate effective factors based on the conditions of the region. The main purpose of this study is to identify the main effective factors on the tourism development in historical valuable textures and then analyze each of the factors on the development of tourism in the historical texture of the district 12 of Tehran. Also, as mentioned, the importance and necessity of the research was determined with regard to the current situation of District 12 of Tehran and the need to preserve its valuable historical texture based on a new approach. Therefore, main research questions are as follows:What are the effective factors on the tourism development of historical valuable textures?How is the impact of each factor on tourism development of historical valuable texture of district 12 of Tehran?

The present study is an applied and a descriptive-analytical research in terms of content and methodology. Required information was collected through the library and field method. The statistical population of this study includes tourism and urban planning experts that finally, after sample calculation by Sample Power software, 246 people were identified. Also in order to analyze the extent of impact of each final factors on the dependent variable of tourism development of historical valuable texture, quantitative software Smart-PLS has been used.

Finally, through reviewing the literature of the research and theoretical foundations, six factors including welfare, access and infrastructure, attraction quality, mental image, financial and human resources management and security have been identified as key components of tourism development of historical valuable textures. Then, the effect of each of these factors has been investigated via the Smart-PLS software. According to the results, all 6 factors and their impact on the tourism development of historical valuable texture were significant. According to the path analysis, the safety factor with the path coefficient 0/391, human and financial resources management 0/250, welfare facilities 0/224, mental image 0/177, access and infrastructure 0/141 and attraction quality 0/132 have the most impact on tourism development of historical valuable texture of district 12 of Tehran.

From the point of view of experts, it is clear that historical valuable contexts play a key and effective role in the identity of a society, city and country. The tourism approach has been considered in the field of reviving historical textures for nearly two decades. The development of tourism not only preserves and revives historical textures, but also leads to economic prosperity and social dynamism in urban centers and historical textures. Accordingly, experts, especially the World Tourism Organization, have proposed standard criteria in the field of effective factors on the tourism development, which have a comprehensive and specialized perspective and can be said only in the light of their realization can expect the development of tourism, especially tourism in historical textures. Based on the results obtained from quantitative analysis in Smart-PLS software, it turned out that the security factor was ranked first among the other ones. Also the mental image factor which is one of the distinguishing features of the present study is also ranked fourth and ahead of the two factors of accessibility and quality of attractions, that implies the importance of the cognition and perception of tourists from the region. Therefore, in light of the discussions explained, it can be said that the present study differs from other ones in this regard.

Nowadays, terms and conditions as a tool and benchmark along with climate andeconomic parameters and ..... in modeling urban landscapes are so important andeffective that it is always considered by urban planners and managers. In a sense, it isin the shadow of the law that the ideal form of urban space is created in different dimensions and it is certain that if implemented efficiently, it will objectively portraythe most beautiful view of human habitation. The role of rules and regulations on theprocess of urban landscape formation in the districts of Tehran district 8 has been discussed. The type of research is applied-descriptive-analytical in nature and is doneby documentary and survey method (questionnaire technique). The reliability of thequestionnaire was Cronbach's which was 0.8. According to the statistics of the totalpopulation of 87 statistical population, 12 were municipal experts and the rest wereexperts, statistical data were analyzed using lisrel and spss statistical software. Delphiwas analyzed and the results of the hypothesis test showed that there is a significantrelationship between the efficiency of the rules and regulations and the efficiency ofthe rules and regulations. There are no desirable levels and interference Significantlybetween the status quo and the ideal situation there in the context of the turmoil inSima common sense- ie city neighborhoods, rooted in the history of urbanization in this region

The new Town is not an abstract concept, and the first thing to address is that we cannot study a city without considering the system in which the city is flowing. The set of governing conditions, including the communication system, the path of value added exchanges, the governing political thought, the existing cultural values, ideology, natural conditions, regional, country position in the world system, etc. act as a system that makes the success, efficiency and adequacy of the new city shapes Iran. The reality of the new town in Iran is such a complex. Currently, out of the first 5 new cities of Iran, 5 are among the official cities of the country and have a municipality, out of which 5 are the only new campus city center campus. The main purpose of this study is to explain the management of the first generation of new cities in Iran from the perspective of national divisions. The present study is applied in terms of purpose and descriptive and analytical in terms of method. This research is conducted in two parts. In the first section, after reviewing the basics and defining the study indices and using Eviews software and using spatial statistics techniques, the research indices were tested and quantified. Population dispersal as well as the effect of fitting the city's position (political and administrative position) on the urban-regional system are associated with population recruitment and repulsion. In the second part of the research, the indicators of good urban governance as a guiding theory in different sources were firstly studied and the 9-stack indices were studied. Then, according to the opinions and suggestions of 7 experts based on Delphi technique, the research indices were adjusted to 20 items using purposive sampling. Data were collected using questionnaire and survey, and k-s1 test was used for proving the normality of the variables and data analysis. Based on the most significant results based on the Likert spectrum among the 2 indices based on the 5 indices, the utilization of the potentials of the city and region was determined from the effectiveness and efficiency index with a mean weight of 4.20. Therefore, it is clear that this statement is of great importance in explaining the management of Iran's new towns from the perspective of national divisions and presenting a proposed model. This rating is consistent with the main criterion for evaluating the good governance model of a city that is effective. In the proposed model, in order to exploit the potential of the city and region, the new town managers (12 new towns) should better emphasize the importance of their city from different demographic dimensions and so that as a new campus city, the first priority is to divide the state into their own.

Today, environmental issues have become one of the most important challenges for urban planners, and unbridled urban development has added to their complexity. Resiliency approach planning can, in all respects, create the capacity to deal with the turbulent future. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the environmental resilience of neighborhoods in the district 14 of Tehran. In principle, 23 neighborhoods have been investigated by selecting five environmental indicators. The five indicators were ranked by 30 urban planning experts through hierarchical analyzes of AHP, and then the Gray Relationship Analysis of the status and location of neighborhoods in the district 14 were analyzed concerning each indicator. Finally, the normal line of 0.714 was drawn as the final score in all indices, indicating that 12 neighborhoods had a low resilience. Based on the obtained results, the environmental resilience is reduced while moving towards the western and southwest neighborhoods,. This is in harmony with the texture and population density of the region. Therefore, urban planners need to understand the consequences and environmental costs of physical development rather than physical development itself. Today, environmental issues have become one of the most important challenges for urban planners, and unbridled urban development has added to their complexity. Resiliency approach planning can, in all respects, create the capacity to deal with the turbulent future. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the environmental resilience of neighborhoods in the district 14 of Tehran. In principle, 23 neighborhoods have been investigated by selecting five environmental indicators. The five indicators were ranked by 30 urban planning experts through hierarchical analyzes of AHP, and then the Gray Relationship Analysis of the status and location of neighborhoods in the district 14 were analyzed concerning each indicator. Finally, the normal line of 0.714 was drawn as the final score in all indices, indicating that 12 neighborhoods had a low resilience. Based on the obtained results, the environmental resilience is reduced while moving towards the western and southwest neighborhoods,. This is in harmony with the texture and population density of the region. Therefore, urban planners need to understand the consequences and environmental costs of physical development rather than physical development itself.

Urban land utilize planning, for optimal use of existing facilities and urban spaces is one of the main cores of urban planning, which is usually defined as a multi-objective issue. In line with the absence of specific categorization, system for land use in Iran the use of metaheuristic algorithm and artificial intelligence is required. One of the algorithms that introduced and used in recent years are the optimization algorithm (BBO) based on biogeography. Current research is from practical research group and type of descriptive-analytic research, the data analysis method would be write and execute in MATLAB software by using biogeography algorithm. The purpose, after identifying most effective variable, will be to improve the present status of the systemchr('39')s distribution use indicators and their adjacency in the county surface. For comparing the results of current research, in terms of desired area needed uses with development plan of Semnan County, each dimension of (GIS) layer should be provide.overlapping of the layers would be compare with development design.[2]

In recent decades, irregular migration to cities has provided the basis for changes and changes in various aspects of the spatial structure of urban neighborhoods. From a social point of view, this has led to the formation of neighborhoods with group, ethnic, cultural diversity, and ultimately to the problem of integrated local social resilience. The purpose of this study is to analyze how social resilience in neighborhoods that have a history of social unity and because of their shared past can be a good example formulating an appropriate social resilience model at urban level.It is one of the most important characteristics of a person's serious attention to their material and spiritual needs and human dignity. Therefore, the participation of the people in the neighborhood is the management of people-centered, the development and strengthening of social capital and encouraging them to sustain its main goals. This research is applied in terms of purpose and qualitative in natureIn order to present a clear picture of social participation in neighborhoods, a fundamental theory approach has been used. Based on the findings of the study, participation can be categorized into three dimensions. The present research nature is mixed in terms of both quantitative and qualitative dimensions, and thus in terms of both parametric and statistical pathways. Nonparametric of two methodsFor parametric statistics using SPSS data For nonparametric statistics MAXQDA coding method was used and finally the data was processed in SMART PLS software.