فهرست مطالب ناصر سراج خرمی

Objectives:

Among chronic pain, chronic back pain is one of the most pervasive types of pain. In this study, effectiveness of cognitive-behavioral therapy and Acceptance and Commitment Therapy was examined in reducing depression as well as increasing quality of life was investigated .

The present study was experimental of the pre-test and post-test type with a control group. The statistical population consisted of patients Military with chronic backache in Tehran Hakimiyeh Clinic. The study Sample population included of 45 people in a purposive random metod (15 people in each group) .Therapeutic intervention was cognitive-behavioral therapy for the first group, and Acceptance and Commitment Therapy for the second group, and no training was provided for the control group. Demographic informatio , Beck depression and quality of life questionnaires were used. Data were analyzed based on descriptive and inferential statistics.

The results showed that cognitive-behavioral therapy and acceptance and commitment therapy were Reduce depression and increasing quality of life but significant difference was not observed between the two methods.

The results showed that cognitive-behavioral therapy and therapy based on commitment and acceptance were effective in Reduce depression and increasing quality of life, but no significant difference was observed between the two methods (P> 0.05) and the study was persistent in the follow-up phase. But there was a significant difference between the two experimental methods and the control group in depression and quality of life of patients with chronic low back pain (P <0.001).

Chronic back pain is among the most common types of chronic pains. This research was conducted to compare the effectiveness of Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT) and Acceptance and Commitment Therapy (ACT) on pain complaint behavior and pain self-efficacy in patients with chronic back pain. The current research is a pretest-posttest follow-up experimental design with a control group that lasted from February 2019 to March 2020. The statistical population consisted of patients with chronic back pain referring to the specialty department of Al-Zahra Hakimieh Clinic in Tehran (Iran). The participants included 45 people selected by purposive and accessible sampling method and randomly assigned to three groups (15 people in each group). The first experimental group received CBT, the second experimental group received ACT, and the control group did not receive any intervention. Required data were collected using demographic information, pain complaint behavior, and pain self-efficacy questionnaires. Research hypotheses were examined using univariate covariance analysis. According to the results, 45 patients (33 men and 12 women) with an average age of 41.18 participated in this research. The F statistic obtained from univariate covariance analysis was significant for all dependent variables (P < 0.001). The effectiveness of CBT and ACT interventions on pain complaint behavior and pain self-efficacy was compared using Bonferroni’s post hoc test. The results indicated no significant difference between the effectiveness of CBT and ACT on pain complaint behavior and pain self-efficacy in both post-test and follow-up phases (P > 0.05). Therefore, the effectiveness of both interventions on the pain complaint behavior and pain self-efficacy was the same. Overall, although the findings support the effectiveness of CBT and ACT in reducing the pain complaint behavior and increasing pain self-sufficiency in patients with chronic back pain, there was no significant difference between them in the post-test and the follow-up. Accordingly, this study recommends using CBT and ACT to reduce pain complaint behavior and increase pain self-sufficiency among chronic patients.

The aim of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of cognitive-behavioral therapy on lifestyle based on weight self-efficacy and body value in obese women.

The present research method was quasi-experimental with pre-test-post-test design and follow-up with a control group. The statistical population included all women with obesity in Sari in 1398. Using purposive sampling method, 30 of them were selected and placed in the experimental and control groups (15 people in each group). Lifestyle questionnaires based on Clark, Abrams, Niaura, Aton and Rossi (1991) and Mendelssohn, Mendelssohn and White (2001) body value questionnaires were used to collect data. The experimental group underwent cognitive-behavioral therapy based on Wright et al. (2017) protocol in 8 sessions of 90 minutes but the control group did not receive any intervention. Data were analyzed using repeated measures analysis of variance and SPSS.24 software.

The results showed that cognitive-behavioral therapy improves lifestyle self-efficacy based on weight self-efficacy (F = 10.08; P <0.001) and increases body value (F = 13.53; P <0.001) in women with Obesity was effective.

Based on the findings of this study, cognitive-behavioral therapy can be used to improve lifestyle based on weight self-efficacy and increase the value of the body of women with obesity and thus help reduce stress in them.

Back pain is one of the most pervasive chronic pains. This study aimed to compare the effectiveness of cognitive-behavioral therapy and acceptance and commitment therapy in patients with chronic low back pain on pain self- efficacy and quality of life.

The present study is a pre-test, post-test, and follow-up with a control group which was done from February 2020 to March 2021. All patients with chronic low back pain who were referred to the specialty ward of Al-Zahra Hakimieh Clinic in Tehran, Iran were the statistical population of this study. The study population consisted of 45 people who were divided into three groups of 15 people through purposive sampling and random selection. The treatment method for the first group was cognitive-behavioral therapy while acceptance and commitment therapy was done for the second group and no training was considered for the control group. The World Health Organization's questionnaires of demographic information, pain self-efficacy and quality of life were the tools used in the study. The research hypotheses were specifically investigated using univariate covariance analysis.

45 patients (33 men and 12 women) participated with a mean age of 41.18±14.09 years. The F-ratio of univariate analysis of covariance was significant for the difference of all dependent variables between the experimental groups and the control group (p<0.001). To compare the effectiveness of two treatments on pain self-efficacy and quality of life, the results of the Bonferroni post hoc test were used. The difference between the mean of cognitive-behavioral therapy group and acceptance and commitment therapy group on pain self- efficacy and quality of life in both post-test and follow-up stages was not significant (p>0.05). Therefore, the effectiveness of the two treatments on pain self- efficacy and quality of life in these patients was the same.

Both cognitive-behavioral therapy and acceptance and commitment therapy are effective in increasing pain self-efficacy and quality of life among patients with chronic low back pain, but there is no significant difference between the two therapies.

One of the chronic diseases is acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS), an acquired immunodeficiency syndrome. It is a chronic and progressive disease that affects patients' quality of life. The disease has a slow course of development and weakens the immune system. Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) is the causative agent of AIDS. It is a group of retroviruses that invade and disrupt the cells of the immune system and cause fatal infections. Human immunodeficiency viruses are HIV1 and HIV2, which are cytopathic viruses. HIV–infected people develop symptoms such as fever, sweating, tremor, lymph node swelling, weakness and fatigue, weight loss, chronic diarrhea, blindness, excessive fatigue, and CD4 loss. The infected people are susceptible to AIDS. It can cause various cancers, such as Kaposi's sarcoma, cervical cancer, and lymphoma. AIDS can lead to the involvement of neurological problems and may cause early symptoms of central nervous system failure, depression, forgetfulness, lack of concentration, loss of consciousness, apathy, and decreased desire to have sex and may cause confusion, balance disorder, convulsions, advanced dementia, and coma. AIDS can adversely affect all aspects of life, including physical, social, and family life, and even the family members of these patients may be affected. AIDS is a social and medical issue with widespread negative consequences and challenges. It also poses many negative challenges to individuals' and social lives and undermines social and economic growth worldwide, although its negative consequences cannot be reverted. Iranian researchers found that in infected patients, CD4 cell counts of less than 200 cells per microliter were likely to be infections of the lungs, pulmonary tuberculosis, and brain toxoplasmosis, so cell counts should be performed regularly. The researchers found that as predictors of neuronal hormone factors in developing norepinephrine HIV, depression, hopelessness, and avoidant coping significantly reduced CD4 and increased viral load in patients. Also, cortisol hormone correlated with CD4 count. It may not, but it can predict increased viral load. However, there are different conclusions about the impact of exercise on CD4. Researchers have suggested exercise training in health services to improve the mental health of women with AIDS and found that exercise did not affect CD4 count. Considering the importance of HIV and AIDS, this research investigated the effect of cognitive–behavioral group therapy and mindfulness–based cognitive therapy on improving the quality of life and increasing CD4 count in HIV/AIDS patients.

The present study was quasi–experimental with a pretest–posttest design with a control group. The statistical population includes HIV/AIDS patients referring to Ahvaz Behavioral Counseling Center, Ahvaz City, Iran, in 2019. They were selected by convenience sampling. The sample consisted of three groups of 15 randomly assigned to three groups: cognitive–behavioral therapy, mindfulness–based cognitive therapy, and control group. After implementing a pretest on the cognitive–behavioral and mindfulness groups, the experimental intervention was administered in 8 sessions for one hour and a half one session per week. Quality of Life Scale, CD4 index, and Demographic Factor Questionnaire were used for data collection. Multivariate analysis of covariance was used for data analysis in SPSS.22 software.

The findings showed a statistically significant difference between the three groups of cognitive–behavioral, mindfulness, and control in terms of quality–of–life components (F=8.03, p<0.0001) and CD4 (F=13.85, p<0.0001). These findings suggest that mindfulness therapy is more effective than cognitive–behavioral therapy in improving the quality of life and CD4 of HIV/AIDS patients.

Our study shows that cognitive–behavioral therapy and mindfulness improve the quality of life and CD4 index of AIDS patients, but mindfulness–based cognitive therapy has a greater impact on improving the quality of life and CD4 of AIDS patients.

The goal of this study was effectiveness of mindfulness based on stress managment on death anxiety, disaster of imagination, acceptance and severity of pain in prostat cancer patients.

The research design was experimental pre-test and post-test with control group. At first, 40 hospitalized men in a treatment center were selected by using the purposive sampling method. The experimental group were treated for eight 45-minute sessions by training mindfulness based on stress managment. All subjects completed the questionnaire at the beginning of the study, after the intervention and one month after the treatment (one-month follow up). For data analysis, Multivariate Analysis of Variance were used.

The results indicated that mindfulness based on stress managment in the control group were more effective in death anxiety, disaster of imagination, acceptance and severity of pain in prostat cancer patients. (p=0/001). The results of follow-ups also showed that the effect of mindfulness based on stress managment was sustained on death anxiety, disaster of imagination, acceptance and severity of pain in prostat cancer patients.

The use of mindfulness based on stress managment method is recommended as effective treatment method on death anxiety, disaster of imagination, acceptance and severity of pain in prostat cancer patients.

This study investigated the effectiveness of logotherapy on death anxiety, pain catastrophizing, pain acceptance, and severity of pain in prostate cancer patients.Subjects and

The research design was an experimental pretest-posttest with a control group. At first, 40 hospitalized men in a treatment center were selected by using the purposive sampling method. The experimental group was treated for eight 45-minute sessions by training logotherapy. All subjects completed the questionnaire at the beginning of the study, immediately after the intervention, and one month after the treatment (one-month follow-up). For data analysis, 1-way analysis of variance was used.

The results indicated that logotherapy in the experimental group was more effective than the control group in reducing death anxiety, pain catastrophizing, pain acceptance, and severity of pain in prostate cancer patients. The follow-up results also showed that the effect of logotherapy was sustained on death anxiety, pain catastrophizing, pain acceptance, and severity of pain in prostate cancer patients.

The results showed that Logotherapy has an effect on death anxiety, pain catastrophe, pain acceptance and pain intensity in patients with prostate cancer

Psychological reasons can cause and perpetuate non-cardiac chest pain. They are of particular importance because psychological factors can cause and exacerbate non-cardiac chest pain.

This study aims to evaluate the effectiveness of acceptance and commitment therapy on anxiety and quality of life in patients with non-cardiac chest pain. 

This study is of a quasi-experimental type. The statistical population of this research is patients referred to Dr. Abbas Nabavi Cardiovascular Clinic, Dezful during the year 2021 with non-cardiac pain in their chest. The statistical sample of this work includes 30 patients that are chosen based on the purposive sampling method and divided into two groups, namely control and experimental. Beck Anxiety inventory and SF-36 Quality of Life inventory are used for data collection. Multivariate analysis of covariance, repeated measures of variance, and are applied in three stages of pre-test, post-test, and follow-up, using SPSS software (version 26).

Results indicated that the average of anxiety and life quality in pretest-posttest changed from 29.86±4.06 to 12.4 ± 4.03 and from 47.60 ± 10.06 to 79.73 ± 8.87. Based on the covariance method, in the post-test stage, 62%, and in the follow-up stage, 43% of differences in anxiety and quality of life between two groups were because of the acceptance and commitment therapy method (P≤0.05). Bonferroni test indicated an increase in anxiety level during the follow-up stage (P≤0.05).

According to the research results, it can be concluded that with the help of acceptance and commitment therapy, psychological disorders that cause non-cardiac chest pain can be reduced.

The aim of this research was to study the comparison of the effectiveness of the acceptance-commitment therapy on the behaviour impulsively, alexithymia and disappointment in depression patients.

This design of the study was pretest, post test control group. The sample include 30 depression patients 15 group experimental (acceptance and commitment therapy), and 15 group control) were selected randomaly sampling andthe were requested to answer behaviour impulsively Baratscale, alexithymia Torento and disappointment Miler scalequestionnaire. For analyzing the results we used covariance (MANCOVA and ANCOVA).

The results of data analysis showed that as ap acceptance-commitment therapy caused thedecrease inbehaviour impulsively, alexithymia and disappointment in depression patients experimental group in comparison to the witness group and concluded that there is any significant difference between effectivenessof the acceptance-commitment therapy on the behaviour impulsively, alexithymia and disappointment in depression patients and acceptance-commitment therapy was more effectiveness on thedecrease behaviour impulsively, alexithymia and disappointment in depression patients.

That as ap acceptance-commitment therapy caused the decrease inbehaviour impulsively,alexithymia and disappointment in depression patients andacceptance-commitment therapy was more effectivenesson the decrease incognitivebehaviour impulsively, alexithymia and disappointment in depression patients.

Considered life-threatening diseases, including cancer and enhance the emotional disorder and dramatic reduction quality of life in patients. The purpose of this study was to the comparison of the effectiveness of gestalt therapy group and choice theory on marital intimacy in women with breast cancer in Yasouj.

This experimental study was conducted with a pretest, posttest and follow-up design with control group. 45 woman were selected using a purposive sampling method, and randomly assigned to two experimental groups and one control group (each group of 15 woman). To collect data questionnaires such as Marital Intimacy of Waker & Tompson were used. The experimental groups underwent individual Gestalt Therapy Group (8 sessions 90 minutes) and Choice Theory (10 sessions 60 minutes), but the control group received no training. Data were analysed using covariance analysis.

The results showed that both Gestalt therapy group and Choice theory were effective to increasing marital intimacy in women with Breast cancer (p<0/01) and the results showed that there was no significant difference between the effectiveness of Gestalt therapy group and Choice theory on increasing marital intimacy in women with Breast cancer (p>0/05) and these results continued until the follow-up stage.

It can be concluded that Gestalt therapy group and Choice theory are used to increasing increasing marital intimacy in women.

 Depression as an emotional factor is one of the mental disorders that should be seriously considered. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT) on the social anxiety, rumination, and psychological well-being of people with depression.

 The present study was a randomized clinical trial with a control group. The target population was people with depression who referred to the integrated health centers in Abadan, Iran. 30 people with depression who were willing to participate in the study were purposefully selected according to the study inclusion criteria and were randomly assigned to the experimental and control groups (each group consisted of 15 people). The volunteers were requested to fill the research questionnaires in the pre-test stage. Then, the experimental group participated in 9 sessions of CBT and the control group was saved on the treatment waiting list. After the last treatment session for the experimental group, both groups filled the questionnaires again in the post-test and follow-up stages. Data were collected using Persian version of Beck Depression Inventory (BDI), Social Anxiety Questionnaire, Rumination Questionnaire, and Psychological Well-being Scale. Data analysis was performed using one-variable analysis of covariance (ANCOVA) and multivariate analysis of covariance (MANCOVA) test at the significance level of 0.05.

 Group CBT had a significant effect on social anxiety (P ≤ 0.001), rumination (P ≤ 0.001), and quality of life (QOL) (P ≤ 0.001) of people with depression.

 Group CBT is effective on social anxiety, rumination, and psychological well-being of people with depression and this approach can be recommended to improve the psychological problems of people with depression.

Infertile women often use laboratory fertilization (IVF-ET), a stressful process, to fulfill their desire for childbearing. The aim of this study was to determine the effect of mindfulness-based cognitive therapy training on state anxiety in infertile women undergoing IVF treatment.

This quasi-experimental study was conducted with participation of 60 women with a history of infertility who were referred to an infertility treatment center in Mashhad and were selected via convenience sampling method and then randomly assigned to two experimental and control groups. The experimental group received eight sessions of 2-hour mindfulness training weekly, while the control group did not receive any psychological services. The two groups completed thequestionnaires before and after the intervention. Three months later, the test group completed the questionnaire again to track the effects of the educational intervention. Spielberger's state anxiety questionnaire was used to measure anxiety. Data analysis was performed using single-variable covariance via SPSS software version 21.

The mean (SD) age of the experimental group was 31.1 (4.9), and the control group 31.2 (5.1). The mean (SD) score of state anxiety in the experimental group decreased from 44.1 (12.8) in the pre-test to 41.4 (11.1) in the post-test and 40.8 (11.1) in the follow-up stage (P<0.001). However, the mean (SD) score of state anxiety in the control group decreased from 47.1 (12.3) in the pre-test to 46.5 (12.1) in the post-testand 46.2 (12.1) in the follow-up stage, which was not statistically significant.

The study showed that mindfulness-based cognitive therapy training reduced state anxiety among infertile women undergoing IVF treatment.

 

Diabetes is a silent epidemic and is a significant growing health challenge. The most important strategy used to manage this disease is proper control of blood sugar in the normal range using modifiable factors. A large part of these control measures is the patient's responsibility. There are two different strategies for improving social functioning, blood sugar control, emotion regulation, and hope in patients with type 2 diabetes. One of these strategies is self–care education. Self–care in this disease is one of the most important factors to control the disease. Self–care has a special role in the care of chronic diseases. Self–care activities have a great impact on the physical and mental performance of patients with diabetes. Due to the many physical and psychological problems of patients with diabetes, the development of chronic complications and disabilities and high costs, this study aimed to determine the effectiveness of self–care education on hope, emotion regulation, blood sugar control and social performance in patients with diabetes.

The method of the present study was quasi-experimental with a pre-test–post-test and follow–up design with a control group of patients with type 2 diabetes referred to medical centers and the Isfahan Diabetes Association. Patients were in the age range of 30 to 60 years. Convenience Sampling for qualified volunteers and purposive used. They were assigned to two random groups:1. the self–care education group (n=15) and 2. the control group (n=15). Criteria for inclusion of patients in the study include: confirmation of type 2 diabetes by a physician, age over seventeen, having a minimum literacy, lack of brain diseases such as delirium, dementia, and learning disabilities, no speech and hearing disorders, and no use of drugs that affect the condition Behavioral and psychological, no history of participating in similar studies in the last six months, no secondary problems such as mental illness, blood pressure above 160/100, chronic kidney disease and severe heart disease or any other serious illness and willingness to participate in the study. The data were obtained using the glycosylated hemoglobin test (A1C), Cognitive Emotion Regulation Questionnaire (Garnefski et al., 2001), Social Performance Questionnaire (Lokmet et al., 2014), and the Hope Scale (Snyder et al., 1991). The experimental group received self–care training in five sessions on a weekly basis. However, no intervention was provided for the control group. This study used descriptive statistics, including frequency, percentage, mean and standard deviation, and inferential statistics, including the chi-square test, repeated measures analysis of variance, and Bonferroni post hoc test, in SPSS software version 22. The significance level of the tests was considered 0.05.

The results showed that the analysis of the variance of the hope variable was significant for the within-group factor (time) (p<0.001) and between-group factor (p<0.001). The variance analysis of the emotion regulation variable was significant for the within-group factor (time) (p<0.001) and the between-group factor (p=0.003). Analysis of variance of blood sugar variable was significant for within-group factor (time) (p<0.001) and between-group factor (p=0.007). Analysis of variance of a social functioning variable was significant for within-group factor (time) (p<0.001) and between-group factor (p<0.001). This result means a significant difference between the two groups in all four variables of hope, psychological emotion regulation, blood sugar, and social functioning during the research phases, indicating the effect of an intervention. The mean scores of hope, emotion regulation, and social performance variables in the experimental group and the post-test stage were higher than in the pre-test (p <0.001). The results showed that the mean scores of hope, emotion regulation, and social performance in the follow–up stage were significantly different from the pre-test stage in the experimental group (p<0.001). However, there was no significant difference between the two stages of post-test and follow–up in the experimental group in the variables of hope, emotion regulation, and social performance. The results also showed that the scores of variable blood sugar in the experimental group and the post-test stage were lower than in the pre-test (p<0.001). Scores of variable blood sugar in the follow–up stage were significantly different from the pre-test stage in the experimental group (p<0.001), But no significant difference was observed between the two stages of post-test and follow–up in the experimental group. The results showed that the effectiveness of self–care training in the follow–up phase was stable for the variables of hope, emotion regulation, social functioning, and blood sugar.

According to the study's findings, self–care education effectively increases hope, emotion regulation, and blood sugar control and improves the social functioning of patients with type 2 diabetes. Therefore, this method can be used alongside other education for diabetic patients.

The present study was performed with aim to investigate the effectiveness of mindfulness-based cognitive therapy (MBCT) on increasing resilience and reducing headaches in patients with migraines.

The present study was a quasi-experimental study with pretest-post-test design and a control group. The statistical population included all patients with migraine referred to Shahid Dr. Lavasani Hospital in Tehran at 2018. 35 patients were selected by targeted sampling method and were randomly assigned to two groups of experimental and control. In both groups, patient resilience and headache were assessed through Connor and Davidson Resilience Questionnaire and Ahwaz Migraine Headache Questionnaire. The first group received mindfulness-based cognitive therapy in 8 sessions, but the second group did not receive any intervention. Then, in posttest, the resilience and headache of both groups were evaluated. Data were analyzed using multivariate analysis of covariance.

The results showed that cognitive therapy based on mindfulness was effective on patients' resilience and headache (P <0.01).

Due to the effectiveness of treatment, the use of different psychological therapies, including MBCT, as a complement to medical therapies is recommended for patients with migraines.

The aim of the present study was to compare the efficacy of matrix treatment and modern group reality therapy on self-control and social adjustment in methamphetamine-dependent men treated with buprenorphine. The present study was experimental with pre-test and post-test with control group. The statistical population consisted of all methamphetamine-dependent men receiving maintenance therapy with buprenorphine referred to Tehran Drug Addiction Treatment Centers in winter 1977. Forty-five individuals were selected by purposive sampling and were randomly assigned into two experimental and control groups. At first, self-control and social adjustment were assessed through the Tanji self-control questionnaire and Bell's social adjustment questionnaire. The first group received matrix therapy and the second group received group reality therapy; the third group received only buprenorphine maintenance therapy. The variables were evaluated again at post-test. The results showed that both treatments were effective on self-control and social adjustment (P <0.01). Also, the difference between the effectiveness of the two treatments was significant (P <0.01) and matrix treatment had more effect on social adjustment. But there was no significant difference between the efficacy of the two treatments on self-control. Given that the matrix model is a combination of cognitive-behavioral programs, coping skills, family education, and support groups, it is recommended to be used in the treatment of methamphetamine-dependent patients.

Drug addiction is a chronic illness that can often be associated with another psychiatric illness, such as depression. The objective of this study was to compare the efficacy of existential group therapy and cognitive behavioral group therapy on depression among patients on Methadone Maintainance Therapy (MMT) in Qazvin Province.

The research method was quasi-experimental with pre-test, post-test, and control group. Participants included 90 male patients on MMT rehabilitation facilities of Qazvin in 2019, whowere purposefully selected and randomly divided into three groups: an experimental group under 10 weekly 120-minute existential group therapy, an experimental group under 10 weekly 120-minute cognitive-behavioral therapy, and a control group. All three groups completed Beck's Depression Questionnaire before the intervention, after the intervention and after 3 months. Data were analyzed using repeated measure test in SPSS software version 22.

In the group receiving cognitive-behavioral intervention, the mean (SD) score of depressionvaried from 44.5 (3.3) in the pre-test to 34.9 (3.1) in the post-test and 34.1 (3.5) in the follow-up, p<0.001. In the group receiving existential therapy intervention, the mean (SD) score of depression varied from 47.7 (3.2) in the pre-test, to 37.1 (5.5) in the post-test, and 35.9 (5.4) in the follow-up phase, p<0.001. In the control group, the mean (SD) score of depression did not vary significantly in pre-test, post-test and follow-up. The effect size of cognitive-behavioral therapy (Eta=0.53) was greater than the effect size of existential therapy (Eta=0.24) in reducing depression, which indicates a greater effictivenesss of cognitive-behavioral therapy compared to existential therapy in depression reduction.

It can be concluded that both cognitive-behavioral therapy and existential therapy are effective in reducing depression among patients under MMT, with cognitive-behavioral therapy being more effective in reducing depression than existential therapy.

Research has shown that patients with irritable bowel syndrome have difficulty regulating their emotions; Thus the aim of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of treatment based on acceptance and commitment and compare it with cognitive-behavioral therapy on the cognitive regulatory strategies of excitement of patients with irritable bowel syndrome.

The research method was quasi-experimental pre-test-post-test and follow-up with experimental and control groups. The statistical population of the present study includes patients with irritable bowel syndrome referred to the private offices of physicians in Semirom. The sample size was 45 people with irritable bowel syndrome who were selected by purposive sampling method and randomly assigned to three research groups (two treatment groups treated with CBT, ACT and control group). The data were collected by analysis of covariance and repeated measures analysis of variance and LSD post hoc test.

The research results showed that cognitive-behavioral therapy has a significant effect on all aspects of cognitive emotion regulation (p < 0.001). Acceptance and commitment-based therapy also has a significant effect on all aspects of cognitive emotion regulation, except for the components of acceptance, ruminant, perspective, and catastrophe (p < 0.001). There was no significant difference between the effectiveness of cognitive-behavioral therapies and acceptance-based therapy and commitment to cognitive-regulatory emotion strategies (P>0.001).

It seems that both approaches can play an important role in the treatment of cognitive emotion regulation in patients with irritable bowel syndrome. کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

Some patients with irritable bowel syndrome suffer from anxiety and depression, which can increase their pain and reduce their quality of life. The aim of this study was to determine the effectiveness of “Transcranial Direct-Current Stimulation (tDCS)” on pain, quality of life related to health, anxiety and depression in patients with irritable bowel syndrome.

This is a semi-experimental study with a pretest-posttest design with a control group in women with irritable bowel syndrome in Dezful city, was performed in of 2019. 24 women were selected by purposive sampling method and divided into two experimental and control groups. Measuring instruments include the “Short-Form Mc Gill Pain Questionnaire”, the Questionnaire of “Irritable Bowel Syndrome-Quality of Life-34”, and "Hospital Anxiety and Desperation Scale." Content validity and reliability were measured using Cronbach's alpha coefficient method. For the experimental group, 10 individual sessions of “Transcranial Direct-Current Stimulation (tDCS)” was used."Data were analyzed in SPSS.24.

After the intervention, there was a significant difference between experimental and control groups in terms pain syndrome (F=19.29; p=0.001), quality of life related to health (F=39.93; p=0.001), anxiety (F=46.89; p=0.001), and depression (F=36.62; p=0.001). 

"Transcranial Direct-Current Stimulation (tDCS) " is able to reduce the amount of pain, anxiety and depression in women with irritable bowel syndrome and increase their quality of life. Therefore, it is recommended that internal medicine and gastroenterologists use a procedure based on "Transcranial Direct-Current Stimulation (tDCS) " during treatment with health psychologists to treat these patients.

HIV/AIDS is a community medicine issue and has a wide range of negative consequences and challenges. This research aimed to investigate the effect of cognitive-behavioral group therapy on improving the quality of life and increasing CD4+ lymphocyte count in HIV/AIDS patients.

The present study was a quasi-experimental study with pre-test and post-test design and control group. The statistical population included HIV/AIDS patients in Ahvaz Behavioral Counseling Center who were selected by simple random sampling method. The sample consisted of 30 patients who were randomly assigned to two groups of cognitive-behavioral therapy and control group. After implementing pre-test on the cognitive-behavioral and control groups, the experimental intervention was administered in 8 sessions for one hour and a half as one session per week for experimental group. Quality of Life Scale, CD4 Index and Demographic Factor Questionnaire were used for data collection. Multivariate analysis of covariance with SPSS software version 22 was used for data analysis.

The results showed that in the experimental group that received cognitive-behavioral therapy, the mean (SD) quality of life score increased from 166.9 (26.7) in the pre-test to 199.5 (21.4) in the post-test (P<0.001) but in control group, the mean (SD) varied from 167.8 (25.5) in pre-test to 168.2 (18.3) in posttest, which was not significant. Also, the mean (SD) of the CD4+ lymphocyte count in the experimental group increased from 247.8 (65.1) in the pre-test to 341.8 (71.1) in the post-test (P<0.001); however, the mean (SD) count in the control group varied from 254.2 (46.2) in the pre-test reached to 256.26 (56.8) in the post-test which was not significant.

It can be concluded that cognitive-behavioral therapy improved the quality of life and CD4+ lymphocyte count in HIV/AIDS patients.

Dental anxiety is one of the important reasons for people to avoid dental care. The exacerbation of symptoms can be due to difficulty in cognitive emotion regulation; therefore, treatment is needed to improve cognitive emotion regulation and to reduce symptoms; Therefore, the purpose of the present study was to determine the effectiveness of acceptance and commitment based therapy on cognitive emotion regulation and severity of symptoms in Dental Anxiety Patients.

A clinical trial study was performed on patients with dental anxiety. Thirty-two patients were randomly assigned to the experimental and control groups. The experimental group participated in 10 weekly sessions of 90 minutes for two and a half months under acceptance and commitment based on t he Hayes model presented. The control group was on the waiting list. Dental Anxiety Questionnaire (DAI) and Cognitive Emotion Regulation Questionnaire were used to evaluate the dependent variables and the questionnaire (SCL-90-R) and pulse oximeter were used as screening tools. Data were analyzed by repeated measures ANOVA using SPSS software.

According to the results, the mean and standard deviation of dental anxiety in the pretest of the experimental group was 121.3 ± 10.5 which were upgraded to post-test and follow-up respectively 89.1 ± 7.8 and 87.9 ± 8.1 which was statistically significant (P<0.0001). Also the mean and standard deviation of positive cognitive adjustment in the pretest of the experimental group was 41.12 ± 5.40 which were upgraded to post-test and follow-up respectively 46.81 ± 5.75 and 47.37 ± 5.80 which was statistically significant (P<0.0001). Mean and standard deviation of negative cognitive adjustment in pretest of experimental group was 30.37 ± 3.51 which were upgraded to post-test and follow-up respectively 34.37 ± 4.22 and 35.31 ± 3.87 which was statistically significant (P<0.0001). In addition, the difference between dental anxiety scores, positive cognitive emotion regulation strategies, and negative cognitive emotion regulation strategies in the three stages of pre-test, post-test and follow-up in the whole study sample and the difference scores of these variables in the three stages of the study were significant in the two groups (p<0.0001).

Acceptance and commitment therapy is a promising intervention to improve cognitive emotion regulation and reduce the severity of symptoms of dental anxiety patients

One of the aspects of health is oral and dental health. The purpose of the present study was to determine the efficacy of acceptance and commitment therapy on oral health quality of referrals to Isfahan dental centers.Materials &

This pretest-posttest clinical trial, with a control group and a three-month follow-up, was conducted on the patients with dental anxiety. In this study, 32 patients with dental anxietywere selected from among the patients with the criteria of the research and randomly assigned to two groups of experimental and control.The case group received 10 weekly sessions of ACT for 90 minand the control group received no intervention.Data werecollected using DAI anxiety inventory (DAI), Oral Health Quality of Life Questionnaire (OHIP-14), SCL-90-R questionnaire, and pulse oximeter. The findings were analyzed using repeated measure ANOVA in 0.05 p-value using SPSS.22 software.

The results showed that the mean (SD) of mental disability in the pre-test of the experimental group was 6.5 (0.9), which was 7.4 (1.2) and 7.5 (1.2) in the post-test and follow-up respectively, which was statistically significant (p value < 0.001). Also, the mean (SD) of disability in the pretest group was 3.1 (0.9), which was 2.9 (0.9) and 3.0 (0.9) in post-test and follow-up respectively and it is statistically significant (p value < 0.0001). The mean (SD) of quality of life in the pre-test of the experimental group was 23.1 (2.1), which was 25.2 (2.3) and 22 (1.8) in post-test and follow-up, which was statistically significant (p value < 0.001).

It seems that acceptance and commitment therapy is effective on the quality of life of people with dental anxiety. Despite the limitations mentioned above, it seems that the findings of this study can be a useful step in the psychological treatment of dental anxiety patients.

A mental health condition that causes the excessive consumption of food, leading to obesity, is food craving. According to brain imaging data, the Dorsal Lateral Prefrontal Cortex (DLPFC) plays an important role in craving. Anxiety can also occur in overweight individuals. Anxiety and obesity affect each other and are related. Furthermore, anxiety is a negative emotion that in some individuals, causes emotional eating behavior. Besides, weight gain increases anxiety, which requires neuropsychological therapies. A therapy used in the present study was Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation (tDCS), i.e., a non-invasive, painless, and safe method of cerebral stimulation. The tDCS seems to be able to modulate cortical irritability and be applied as a treatment for managing psychiatric disorders. Another intervention implemented in the present study was Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy (CBT). Psychological factors significantly impact the development of obesity. Thus, such interventions could significantly help to reduce weight and modify the negative perception of body image, and of course, self-concept and social anxiety among overweight and obese individuals. Therefore, the present study aimed to compare the effects of tDCS and CBT on craving and anxiety in overweight individuals.

This was an applied and experimental study with a pretest-posttest and a control group design. The statistical population of the study included all overweight individuals who referred to Aramesh Psychology Center in Tehran City, Iran, in 2019. Using the targeted sampling method, 36 of them were selected as the study participants and placed in two experimental groups and one control group (n=12/group). The study inclusion criteria included having a diploma and higher education, the age range of 18 to 47 years, having a body mass index of <40 kg/m2, presenting an uncontrollable tendency to consume at least one of the following foods three times a week during at least the last month: sweets and nuts, too much of fatty foods, the concurrent consumption of fast food and drugs, due to no other disorder. The study exclusion criteria included a history of epilepsy; a history of concussion or brain surgery; using anticonvulsants or antipsychotics or the regular use of benzodiazepines in the past month; a major cognitive or psychiatric condition, e.g., a history of suicidal attempt; having metal objects, like electronic implants, e.g., pacemakers or cochlear implants; pregnancy; a personal or family history of seizures; a history of endocrine or autoimmune diseases; a history of brain surgery or the loss of consciousness for >15 minutes, and a history of consuming weight loss medications or attending frequent weight loss programs. The Food Craving Questionnaire (Cepeda-Benito et al., 2000) and the Beck Anxiety Inventory (Steer & Beck, 1997) were used to collect the required information. The tDCS intervention sessions were performed for 3 sessions every other day and the CBT sessions were conducted in 8 weekly 90-minute sessions; however, the controls received no intervention. The obtained data were analyzed in SPSS using descriptive statistics, e.g., mean and standard deviation; the employed inferential statistics consisted of Analysis of Covariance (ANCOVA) and Bonferroni post-hoc test.

The mean posttest scores of craving and anxiety, after controlling the pretest scores, were significant in both test groups; in other words, both provided interventions were effective in reducing craving (p<0.001), craving intensity (p<0.001), and anxiety (p<0.001) among the study subjects. The mean of squares for cravings (a component of craving), craving (a component of craving intensity), and anxiety were 0.74, 0.68, and 0.68, respectively. Bonferroni post-hoc test was used to compare the study participants’ posttest scores after controlling the pretest values. The relevant results indicated a significant difference between the tDCS and control groups in terms of craving (inclination component) (p=0.023), craving (craving intensity component) (p<0.001), and anxiety (p<0.001). The research findings also suggested a significant difference between the CBT and control groups concerning craving (inclination component) (p=0.035), and craving (craving intensity component) (p<0.001). However, there was no significant difference between the tDCS and CBT groups for craving (inclination component) (p=0.884). Additionally, there was no significant difference between the mean scores of tDCS and CBT groups in craving (the component of craving intensity) (p=0.972). Furthermore, there was no significant difference between the mean anxiety values of the tDCS and CBT groups (p=0.165).

The provided tDCS and CBT approaches were effective in reducing craving and anxiety in the study participants. Therefore, these interventions could be used as therapeutic or educational methods to improve these conditions in overweight individuals.

The purpose of this study was to compare the effectiveness of matrix treatment and modern group reality therapy based on choice theory on resilience and social adjustment in methamphetamine-dependent men who are treated with buprenorphine.

The research was a experimental study with a pretest-posttest with control group. The statistical population of the study consisted of All meth-amphetamine-dependent men who received buprenorphine-preserving treatment and referred to addiction centers in Tehran in the winter of 1397. 45 participant were selected through purposive sampling and randomly assigned to two groups of experimental and a control group. In all three groups, patients' resilience and social adjustment were assessed through the Special questionnaires. The first group received matrix treatment therapy in 14 sessions, and the second group received 8 sessions of modern group reality therapy based on choice theory, but the third group did not receive training And were only under buprenorphine-preserving treatment. Then again, in the post-test, resilience and social adjustment were assessed for all three groups. Data were analyzed using multivariate covariance analysis.

The findings of the study showed that matrix therapy and group reality therapy were effective on the resilience and social adjustment of patients (p <0.01). Also, the difference in the effectiveness of the two treatments was significant (p <0.01). And matrix therapy was more effective than the reality therapy in both variables.

Given the fact that the matrix model is a combination of cognitive-behavioral programs, coping skills, family education and community groups, it is recommended to be widely used in the treatment of patients with methamphetamine.

Irritable bowel syndrome is serious problems that can influence patient’s life situation. This illness, usually occur absence organic problem and it cause to disease, sick leave, decrease  quality of life, avoid from social relations, absence and increase health charge. The purpose of the present study was to investigate the Effectiveness of mindfulness integrated cognitive behavior therapy (MiCBT) on pain syndrome, quality of life relative with health, anxiety. Depression in Irritable Bowel Syndrome patients. For this purpose, semi-experimental study with pre-test and post-test design with control group, 24 subjects with Irritable Bowel Syndrome patients in Dezful were selected by available sampling and randomly assigned to experimental and control group. The groups were evaluated before, immediately after in pain syndrome, quality of life relative with health, anxiety. Depression. The experimental group received integration group therapy in 8 sessions. The analysis of covariance data showed a significant difference between experimental and control groups in terms pain syndrome and quality of life relative with health, depression. Mindfulness integrated cognitive behavior therapy seems is able to decrease the pain syndrome, anxiety and depression in Irritable Bowel Syndrome patients and increase their quality of life relative with health.

The susceptibility of people to addiction provides the platform for people to become addicted. This means that some people are more prepared for addiction than others. Therefore, attention should be paid to the underlying factors for the preparation of addiction in people. In this regard, the aim of present study was to determine the correlation between emotional intelligence, impulsivity and irrational beliefs with addiction potential in male secondary school students.

In this descriptive-correlational study, 357 male secondary school students in Dezful city in the academic year of 2016-2017 were selected using cluster random sampling. The collection tools were Bar-On Emotional Quotient Inventory, Barratt Impulsiveness Scale version 11 Questionnaire (BIS-11), Irrational Beliefs Test (IBT), and Addiction Potential Scale (APS). The data were analyzed by SPSS 21 software using Pearson correlation coefficient and stepwise multiple regression analysis.

There was a negative correlation between addiction potential with the emotional intelligence, but there was a positive correlation between impulsiveness and irrational beliefs with the addiction potential (p<0.01). Also cognitive impulsiveness (β=0.63), coping with pressure (β=-0.29), and interpersonal skills (β=-0.22) could predict 46% of variance of addiction potential (p<000.1).

Addiction potential has negative correlation with emotional intelligence and positive correlation with impulsiveness and irrational beliefs in male secondary school students.