ناهید خواجه موگهی

Beta-thalassemia major is a chronic، hematological disorder with psychological adverse effects on patients and their families. Parents، in particular mothers who are mostly the primary caregiver، are the ones to deal with the stress of their kid thalassemics and use different coping styles either adaptive or maladaptive. The aim of this study is to assess the relationship of coping strategies of mothers with the mental health of their thalassemic children. In this cross-sectional study، out of the patients referring to the Thalassemic Clinic of Ahwaz Shafa Hospital، 36 patients with thalassemia major (12-16 y/o) and their mothers were selected by the convenient sampling method. The subjects were assessed using the demographic data questionnaire، the coping styles questionnaire (CSQ) (for mothers)، and SCL90-R questionnaire (for children). The data were finally analyzed by the spss software. Out of the total number of the children with thalassemia major، 91. 2% suffered from psychosocial problems. Among the mothers، 80. 55% more frequently used the adaptive coping styles; a significant positive correlation was found between mothers’ maladaptive coping mechanism and psychological problems of their children (p= 0. 33) (r= 0. 356). Educational planning aimed at increasing the coping skills in mothers with thalassemic children can be useful in decreasing psychological problems of children.

It seems that internet involves increasing parts of people's daily lives, every day. In recent years, many reports have been published based on user's addiction to internet. The purpose of the present study was to evaluate predicting personality variables of internet addiction. Among internet users willing to cooperate in Ahvaz city net-shops and computer training centers, 100 people (56female/44male) were selected regardless of age, occupation and education. They completed Internet Addiction Questionnaire and NEO test. Population samples were divided into two groups: addicted and non-addicted. Their personality styles were determined based on two dimensions: Neuroticism and extroversion. Then data were analyzed using logistic regression model by SPSS software. According to this study 86% of users had internet addiction (56%mild, 28% moderate and 2% severe) and 14% did not. Twelve personality styles in terms of neuroticism and extroversion were entered in the logistic regression statistical models. Internet addiction predictor styles included: stress vulnerability (p

Background and Objective For some people, the motive for attempting suicide is the transition (transfer) of their hopelessness feelings to others and also a try to change the other people's behavior. Rating hopelessness level can be helpful in predicting the possibility suicide. The purpose of the present study was investigation the relationship between hopelessness and suicide in patients with mood disorders. Subjects and This is an analytical–cross sectional study. The subjects were mood disorder patients who referred to the Golestan hospital psychiatry department (out/in-patient), with (n=30) and without (n=33) suicidal attempt, during 6 months. Patients completed Beck Hopelessness Scale (BHS). Then data was analyzed by SPSS software using logistic regression model and t test. Comparison between two groups based on level of hopelessness by t-test showed there was a significant relationship between two groups (P<0.025). Investigation of data by logistic regression statistical model distinct, hopelessness with OR=1.190; 95% (CI=1.02-1.37) and male gender with OR=1.170; 95% (CI=0.227-6.02), can increase the risk chance of attempting suicide. The finding of this study suggest that hopelessness and male gender are important factors in predicting suicide attempting, and the most significant factor is the previous attempted suicides. Therefore, must be taken seriously. In order to prevent successful suicides, the hopelessness assessment in mood disorders patients is essential.

The purpose of the present study was to investigate the level of post–traumatic syndrome disease (PTSD) symptoms among children less than 6 years old, 3 months after the bomb explosion event in Ahvaz city at 2005(1384). In this cross-sectional study, the subjects included all the children attending in the only kindergarten located with the 500 m radius from the bomb explosion area. Although the questionnaires were given to the parents of 100 children, only 62 questionnaires were completed. The data were analyzed through the spss software with non-parametric statistical Procedure.The results showed that 62.97% of children were diagnosed to have difference degrees of PTSD symptoms. These symptoms included re-experience (19.4%), hyper-arousal (14.5%) and avoidance (99.7%). Re-experience showed to have the higher frequency and the most severe symptom was avoidance.The present study showed that a noticeable percentage of pre-school children in the nearest kindergarten to the bombing area had some degrees of PTSD symptoms. Furthermore, this study suggests that appropriate psychological support is needed to be given to people, especially in children, who experience similar events.

breakfast is recommended as the most important meal of the day, but not all studies show positive effects of breakfast consumption on the cognitive performance. Differences in breakfast composition may account for some of the contradictory results reported so far. There are limited studies investigating the effect of breakfast composition on cognitive performance. This study was designed to compare the effect of two common Iranian breakfasts (high-carbohydrate vs high-protein) on the cognitive performance of elementary school children Fifty-one well-nourished children (27 girls, 24 boys) aged 9-11 years participated in the this study. They consumed one of 2 breakfasts (60%carbohydrate or 25%- protein), or took no breakfast, as controls (the fasted state) in a randomized cross-over design with one week apart as the wash-out period. The breakfasts were similar with regard to the energy and fat contents, but differed in carbohydrate and protein composition. Cognitive performance was assessed prior to, and 30 and 120 minutes after, taking breakfast, using the standard computerized CDR assessment tests. Statistical analysis was conducted using SPSS (version 15), and P<0.05 was considered as the level of significance. No statistically significant differences were observed among the 3 groups (high-carbohydrate breakfast, high-protein breakfast, and control) with regard to most of the tasks. However, the high-carbohydrate breakfast significantly impaired the simple reaction time (P<0.023), the choice reaction time (P<0.018), and the power of attention (P<0.013) in girls. The choice reaction time improved in the control boys (P<0.003). Breakfast composition had no effect on the healthy boy's cognitive performance, but a high-carbohydrate breakfast reduced the power of attention in healthy girls. It is recommend that the effect of quality and quantity of breakfast on the mood of the children be also assessed in future studies.

Low back pain (LBP) is the second common cause of chronic pains after the headache chronic pain, which can cause anxiety and depression. The purpose of the present study was assessment of psychological problems in LBP patients. The subjects of this cross sectional study were 9 volunteers (50 male and 4 female) referrals suffering LBP to Ahwaz clinical centres aging between 9-63 years, with different occupations who were selected non-randomly and problem oriented. They all completed SCL- 90-R. Of all the cases, 7.7% of patients suffered from psychological problems (66% male, 78.6% female). The males mean of Global Severity Index (GSI) (T=68) was more than in the females (T=63). Females reported more frequent psychological problems in comparison to males who reported more intensive problems. In males, a significant relationship was observed between their job and psychological problems (p<0.0).Our findings showed some common psychological problems in LBP patients. The study's findings suggest psychological assessment and therapy for these patients additionally to required their other routine treatments.

This study was conducted to assess the effect of multi-component intervention to prevent post operative delirium I patients who underwent open–heart surgery. In this clinical intervention study 32 patients (45 to 70 years of age) who underwent open–heart surgery were divided into two groups of 16 patients (case and control). Six risk factors included: cognitive, visual and auditory impairment¸ immobility, dehydration and sleep deprivation were assessed in both groups for three consecutive days starting from the second after operation. A standard protocol was used for case group. Incidence of delirium was determined by clinical interview; based on DSM-IV-TR; twice a day (morning and evening). The collected data were analyzed by t-test and S- plus statistical methods. The median of total number of risk factors and immobility in case group were significantly reduced in comparison to control group0 There was reduction in the trends related to other risk factors and incidence of delirium in the case group. The finding of this study demonstrates that primary prevention of delirium is an effective treatment strategy among post-open-heart surgery0

To deal stress, people use coping styles which are adaptive or maladaptive. Drug use has been conceived as a maladaptive means of coping utilized by individuals unable to deal with stress in more adaptive ways. The present study has been investigated stress, coping styles and theirs relationship with general health in opium dependents and non- opium dependents. In the case-control study, subjects were 63 opium dependents and control group were matched in number, age and sex with case group. The instruments used were the Coping Style Questionnaire (CSQ), General Health Questionnaire (GHQ) and Life Experience Survey (LES). The results show, statistically significant associations between two groups of stress (P<0.01), coping styles (P<0.01) and general health (P<0.028). Also relationship between stress, coping styles and general health in opium dependents has been significant (P<0.002), but we found no significant relationship in non- opium dependents. Findings of this study represents opium dependents have maladaptive coping styles which are related to more stress and loss of general health. These results suggest that coping style is a key factor in assessing the relationship between stress and general health in opium dependents.

The main objective of he present research was to compare the nutritional pattern of school children with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) with that of normal children. In this study 400 school-age children who were between 7 to 9 years were randomly selected from three primary schools in city of Ahvaz. Children’s parents and teachers completed socio-economic, food frequency, anthropometric and psychologic scoring questionnaires. Results showed that there is a significant relationship between parental literacy and the severity of disorder, i.e. mothers with higher education and occupation levels had more normal children (P<0.01). Food allergy history among ADHD children was 2.5 times more than that of normal subjects. Breakfast consumption significantly correlated with lower severity of ADHD in boys (P<0.01). On the other hand, more daily sugar consumption increased the level of disorder in school girls but not in boys (P<0.001). Drinking more than 3 cups of tea a day was associated with increased severity of ADHD in boys (P<0.05). Food additives, colors and natural salicylates in daily food pattern of all cases were not related to severity and degree of ADHD. In conclusion, it seems that breakfast consumption is a strong positive healthy habit in school children and can lessen the disorder, while frequent tea and sugar consumption has negative effect on severity of ADHD. Also, parents must pay attention to their children’s food allergies.

Athletes are most active and most healthy persons of any society who can contribute in promoting success, advancement and stability of their community. Generally healthy individual choose exercise as profession. Maintenance of healthy athletic activity is made possible with continuous practice in athletic–arena. Choosing athletic field is related to personality of an individual. Sport psychology studies the role of psychological factors in sport, exercise, and physical activity. It aims are to prepare the participant athletes to gain specific mental, behavioral, psychosocial, and emotional control skills during sport, exercise and physical activity contexts. Evaluating the behavioral–mental capabilities of the athletes, their morale, motivation and probability of success in competitions are assessed. The aim of this study was to identify the personality styles, rate of chronic and acute stresses and their relationship with the physical diseases among athletes in comparison with the non–athletic individuals. In this research, 66 athletes (54 females, 12 males) from various athletic fields were selected by simple sampling procedure. Sample population and their non- athlete counterpart group completed both Millon Behavioral Health Inventory (MBHI) and data forms. Research finding indicated that there was no significant difference between chronic and acute stress experienced in both group. But there was significant difference between personality styles the two groups and occurrence and number of physical diseases with 99 percent certainty. The results suggest that physical diseases affect athletes less frequently than non-athletics when exposed to similar stressful conditions.

Delirium is an under-diagnosed cognitive disorder with poor prognosis. In many articles the reported incidence rate of delirium following cardiac surgery varies from 2 to 57 percent. Recently the rate of delirium after cardiotomy has been reported to be more than 90 percent whereas this rate is approximately 10-15 percent in general surgical wards. This is the first comparative study carried out in Ahwaz Golestan hospital in order to compare the incidence rate of postoperative delirium between patients with open-heart surgery and general surgery. Thirty patients with age range of 40.5-63 years old were selected for each group. The sampling method was easy sampling. A questionnaire was provided containing of patients’ personal data and the type of surgery, history and mental status examination based on DSM IV. Memory and attention was measured based on cognitive screen tests. Patients were examined by psychiatry assistant one day before surgery and two to five days after surgery during evening and early morning hours. In order to compare incidence rate of delirium between two groups we used Fisher Exact Test. Three patients after open-heart surgery and 1 patient after general surgery experienced delirium. Statistical analysis did not indicate significant difference between incidence rate of postoperative delirium between these groups. This rate in open-heart surgery was 10 percent and in general surgery was 3.3 percent that is lower than previous studies. This difference may be due to lower age of patients, lower rate of alcohol and substance use, difference in type of surgery, criteria for diagnostic of delirium and use of advanced cardiac surgery and anesthetizing methods. Moreover, religious believes in our culture that diminishes preoperative anxiety may be another reason of the lower incidence in the rate of delirium.

The main objective of the research was evaluation of the effects of breakfast on attention and short-term memory of 8-years old school children. The study design was randomized controlled trial (RCT) which is done in a cross-over frame. 38 school children divided into two groups randomly and group one was given a standard breakfast (as 20% of RDA for energy in this age) at 8:00 AM. Before and one hour after breakfast pre-and post test of arithmetic and vocabulary tests were performed. At phase 2 of study (after two days), by crossing over the groups new tests were given and results analysed. All individual characteristics such as anthropometric, socio-economic, parents and teacher’s opinion about children activity and school performances, and school average scores were obtained. Results indicate that both attention ability and short-term memory scores of subjects have elevated at least 2 scores (P<0.05) in breakfast group, but in other group memory test failed, although decrement was not significant. Because of similarity of both groups, we suggest that the promotion of scores is due to consumption of breakfast.