نجمه امیرماهانی

Dyes are among the most hazardous chemicals in industrial wastesdue to their toxicity for aquaculture, reduction of light permeability, and in turn development of disorders in photosynthesis process. The current study aimed to investigate the efficiency of coral in removing red reactive 198 from textile dye wastewater was investigated.
In this experimental study, the adsorption process was completedperformed on a synthetic sample in a batch systemOptimal conditions was also performed on the real wastewater of Yazdbaf textile factory. The effects of such parameters as the pH, dye's concentration, contact time, sorbent's dose, and temperature were investigated, following this, adsorption isotherms were determined and then the process was examined kinetically and thermodynamically. Next, the study data was analyzed by SPSS (ver,21), EXCEL 2007, applying Pearson correlation coefficient.
The optimal conditions in removing the dye included pH=3, an equilibrium contact time of 120 min, 25 mg/L of the dye's concentration, and 3g/100mg of the sorbent's initial value. Underthe optimal conditions, the dye's removal efficiency and the maximum adsorption capacity in the synthetic and real wastewater sample of Yazdbaf Company were 97.63%, 8.14 mg/g and 67.78%, 5mg/g respectively.The equilibrium data followed the Langmuir adsorption isotherm with a correlation coefficient of R2=0.96 and the adsorption's kinetics followed pseudo-second-order model with a correlation coefficient of 1 (R2=1). The thermodynamic investigations also indicated that the adsorption is of physical process an endothermic.
Asthe results revealed, the good performance of the coral sorbent in removing dyes in aquatic environments, enjoying suitable density, havingquick precipitation properties, not needing activation, and environmental safety of the process can encourage the efficiency of this adsorbent in treatment of dye-containing wastewaters.

The development of an effective method regarding chromium removal from the environment is of great importance. Therefore, the present study aimed to examiner magnetic nanoparticles coated with alumina modified by Cetyl Trimethyl Ammonium Bromide (CTAB) in the removal of Cr6 through magnetic solid phase extraction method.
At first, iron oxide nanoparticles were synthesized, coated with alumina, modified with CTAB and characterized with suitable instruments. The factors affecting the process of chromium removal were investigated, including the concentration of CTAB, the pH, the amount of nanoparticles, the sample volume, a proper eluent, the adsorption and desorption time, and the effect of interfering ions. Moreover, the chromium concentration was determined by flame atomic absorption spectrometric (FAAS) technique. The adsorption isotherm, adsorption capacity, and recoverability of the adsorbent were further examined.
The modified magnetic nanoparticles were demonstrated to be homogeneous, spherical, with a size lower than 20 nanometer having a magnetic property. The optimal conditions for chromium removal entailed 7*10-6 mol/L concentration of CTAB, pH range of 6-8, 0.1 g of the nanoparticles, 10 mL volume of the chromium sample (5 &mug mL-1), nitric acid 2 M as a suitable eluent, 15 minutes of adsorption and desorption, and no interference of interfering ions in the process of chromium separation. The process efficiency under optimal conditions was determined to be over 95%, which this process followed the Langmuir adsorption isotherm. The adsorption capacity proved to be 23.8 mg/g. Reusing after four times of adsorbent recovering was effective in the chromium removal (80%). The method accuracy for five measurement times was 4.155% and the method’s LOD was 0.081 mg/L.
The method enjoys the benefits of convenient preparation of the adsorbent, high selectivity, high accuracy, short process time, and high-efficiency in chromium removal from aquatic environments, lending itself to be used in the real samples.

The rate of waste generation and its physical composition depends on several factors. These factors are different at various regions. So the quality and quantity of waste in various cities are different. In this study, the quality and quantity of produced waste at Sirjan city is evaluated.
This research is a cross-sectional study that was conducted at the Environmental Health Engineering Research Center of Kerman University of Medical Sciences in 2014.The second month of each season was selected. Then four days of mid-week was selected at the second or third week of each month. Ten samples were taken every day. The volume of each random sample was 0.5 cubic meters. Its components were determined after separation. Components of waste were divided in the 9 categories. 40 samples per season, and 160 samples totally, were analyzed in four seasons and the amount of produced waste in Sirjan city was calculated. Data analysis was performed by using descriptive statistics.
The average of daily production of waste at Sirjan city was 150.75 tone. The maximum amountof waste production was 158 tons per day at the autumn. Most specified constituent of waste wasbelonging to the perishable material equal to68.2% and the lowest were PET bottles equal to 1.3%. Field surveys and evident information showed that sirjan landfill is inappropriate.
compost production is recommended due to high amounts of perishable materials in waste. Set up recycling schemes for paper, cardboard and materials with commercial value, such as plastics, metals and polyethylene terephtalate should be on the agenda. Emplacement a new landfill is the main priorities of this city.

The development of an effective method for removal of chromium from the environment is of great importance. The aim of this research is to synthesize magnetic nanoparticles coated with alumina modified by Cetyl Trimethyl Ammonium Bromide in the removal of hexavalent chromium through magnetic solid phase extraction method. First, the modified nanoparticles were synthesized and structurally characterized. The factors affecting the process of chromium removal including the concentration of Cetyl Trimethyl Ammonium Bromide, the solution’s pH, the amount of nano particle, the sample’s volume, a proper eloquent, the adsorption and desorption time, and the effect of interfering ions were investigated. Furthermore, the adsorption isotherm, adsorption capacity, and recoverability of the adsorbent were further examined. The modified magnetic nanoparticles are homogeneous, spherical, have a size lower than 20 nanometer with a magnetic property. The optimal conditions for removal of chromium included 7*10-6 mol/L as the optimal concentration of Cetyl Trimethyl Ammonium Bromide, pH range of 6-8, 0.1 g of the nanoparticles, 10 mL the volume of the chromium sample, nitric acid 2 M as a suitable eluent, 15 minutes of adsorption and desorption, and no interference of interfering ions in the process of chromium separation. The process efficiency under optimal conditions was determined to be over 95%. The process followed the Langmuir adsorption isotherm. The adsorption capacity proved to be 23.8 mg/g. Reuse after four times of recovering of the adsorbent was effective in removal of chromium as much as 80%. The accuracy of the method for five measurement times was 4.155% and the method’s detection threshold was 0.081 mg/L. The method enjoys the benefits of convenient preparation of the adsorbent, high selectivity, high accuracy, short process time, and high-efficiency in removal of chromium from aquatic environments, lending itself to be used in real samples.

The presence of heavy metals in water resources is a serious threat to human health. Due to the importance of this subject, this research was carried out to determine the concentration of heavy metals in drinking water resources of central and Southern Bardsir plain and compare the results with national and international standards. The descriptive and cross-sectional study was performed in winter 2014 in the Environmental Health Engineering Research Center of Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran. A census sampling of all drinking water resources (46 resources) of cities and villages in central and Southern Bardsir plain, Iran, was performed in the middle of each month. The concentration of heavy metals (arsenic, lead, copper, cadmium, and iron) in the samples was measured using an atomic absorption spectrophotometer. Data were analyzed by means of SPSS software. The results of the study showed that the maximum concentration of the metals were Pb = 4, Cu = 12, Cd = 0.8, Fe = 160, and As = 210 µg/l. The concentration of arsenic in 50% of the ground water samples was higher than the World Health Organization (WHO) standards for drinking water. However, the concentrations of the other contaminants were lower than permissible level. High concentration of arsenic in some drinking water resources in the region under study is an important environmental problem. The higher than standard concentrations of arsenic in drinking water can be of geological origin. Because of the dangerous effects of arsenic on human health, appropriate measures should be taken by the relevant agencies.

Adsorption is one of the major Processes for the removal of dyes from wastewater. This study investigates the removal of methylene blue dye, as an index color, using activated fly ash. For this purpose, fly ash from Zarand Power Plant was activated with formaldehyde in an acidic medium and used as the adsorbent. The parameters involved in the fly ash activation process (including temperature, time, formaldehyde content, as well as acid concentration and content) and those affecting the adsorption process were adjusted for optimized conditions. Experiments were performed with samples of real effluent from Baft Yazd Textile Plant. Preparation of activated fly ash was accomplished in a formaldehyde to fly ash ratio of 0.25, an acid concentration of 8%, and an acid to fly ash ratio of 6 over 5 hours. Maximum removal efficiency of methylene blue from synthetic samples (with a concentration of 50mg/L) under optimal conditions (pH: 9, contact time: 30 minutes, temperature: 35 0c, and adsorbent dose: 3g/L) was equal to 99.07 ± 0.112%. Under these same conditions, an adsorption capacity of 16.5± 0.55 mg/g was achieved. The methylene blue removal efficiency from real samples under optimal conditions was 91.8±0.36%. Based on the findings of this study, modified fly ash from Zarand Power Plant may be recommended as an inexpensive adsorbent that can be used with a high removal efficiency for removing dyes from industrial effluents.