ندا ابراهیمی

Anxious children have problems in the field of loneliness, interpersonal relationships and emotional adjustment. Therefore, the current research was conducted with the aim of investigate the effectiveness of solution-focused brief training on loneliness, interpersonal relationships and emotional adjustment in anxious children.

The study was quasi-experimental with a pretest and posttest design with a control group. The research population was anxious children who referred to counseling centers of Qarchak city in the spring season of 2024 year, which 40 children by purposeful sampling method were selected and randomly assigned to two groups. The experimental group underwent 8 sessions of 60 minutes and the control group remained on the waiting list for training. The research tools were included Russell et al.'s loneliness scale (1980), Hudson's interpersonal relationships questionnaire (1997), Rubio et al.'s emotional adjustment questionnaire (2007) and Spence's children anxiety scale (1997). The research data were analyzed with multivariate analysis of covariance method in SPSS-23 software.

The results showed that there was a significant difference between the anxious children of the experimental and control groups in the posttest phase in terms of all three variables of loneliness, interpersonal relationships and emotional adjustment. In other words, solution-focused brief training reduced loneliness and improved interpersonal relationships and emotional adjustment in anxious children (P<0.001),

According to the results, to reduce the loneliness feeling and improve interpersonal relationships and emotional adjustment in anxious children can be used solution-focused brief training along with other treatment methods.

Fusarium wilt caused by Fusarium oxysporum L. is one of the most important destructive flax diseases that markedly decrease the production and yield of this crop. The cultivation of flax cultivars resistant to F. oxysporum is the most effective method for managing this disease. In this study, the changes in content of phenylalanine ammonia lyase, peroxidase and polyphenol oxidase enzymes, total protein, proline and soluble sugars were measured in 12 different genotypes of flax infected to wilt Fusarium and non-infected conditions under greenhouse conditions. The experiment was conducted in a randomized complete block design with three replications. 21 days after inoculation of the plant with the pathogen, biochemical components changes were measured by spectrophotometry. Based on the results of ANOVA, the soluble sugars content in infected genotypes was higher compared to control and healthy genotypes. Also, this parameter increased in resistant and highly resistant genotypes of flax, meanwhile this trait decreased in susceptible genotypes in contaminated conditions. The activity of phenylalanine ammonia lyase, peroxidase and polyphenol oxidase enzymes as well as proline content in leaves of resistant and highly resistant genotypes were significantly increased in wilt Fusarium infected treatment. Total protein content in non-infected genotypes of flax was higher than infected genotypes. Therefore, increasing the activity of antioxidant enzymes, proline content and soluble sugars can play a possible role in inducing resistance to Fusarium wilt disease in flax genotypes.

Pectin is a complex mixture of polysaccharides that is widely used in the food industry as a gelling agent, stabilizer and emulsifier. In this research Pectin was extracted assisted by microwave under the power of 500 W, two types of acids(HCL and citric acid ) at pH of 2, time of 120and 180 second. Then, the physicochemical properties of pectin, such as content of galactoronic acid, esterification degree, emulsifier properties, extraction efficiency, and rheological properties were investigated. The results of this study showed that pectin had an efficiency of 7.55% and a reasonable purity (with galacturonic acid content of <65%). The study of degree of extraction revealed that pectin derived from Quince fruit at 180 second of microwave and extraction with HCL was low methoxyl pectin (LM). The pectin’s’ emulsifying activity was high. The viscosity results illustrated that the pectin solutions at both of the time have Newtonian behavior. good degree of purity and acceptable physicochemical properties of obtained pectin show that this agricultural product can be used as a promising source for pectin production.

In the present study, standard phytochemical method was conducted to identify quality some allelochemical compounds such as saponins, terpenoides, antraquinons, flavonoides, flavons by using 10 % condensed aquous extract in distilled water or ethanol solvent of root, stem and leaf organs of Atriplex lentiformis.Then the bioassay experiments were undertaken to evaluate the allelopathic potential of various concentrations (0, 20, 40, 60, 80 and 100%) of selected organs by using 10 % condensed aquous extract on radicle length, shoot length and germination percentage of Medicago scutellata to form of factorial examination in completely randomized design in the Hydroecology laboratory of Gonbad Kavous University in 2012. The effect of various concentrations of organs on studied parameters, was fitted to regression model. In the phytochemical examinations of the qualitative the allelochemicals of saponins and terpenoids were observed and confirmed while the allelochemicals like antraqouins, flavonoids and flavones were not detected in the studied organs. The bioassay of various concentrations from the selected organs and interaction effect of them showed the significant effect on different parameters of germinations of Medicago scutellata at p- value 0.05. The greatest hampering effect was found in the aquous leaf of Atriplex lentiformis as compared with other organs. The germination percentage of the M. scutellata compeletly was hampered by 80 and 100% of leaf organ. The effect of various concentrations on different parameters of germination indicated the highest R- square which was including linear and exponential dependent. The greatest R- square (R2=0.98) was found in aquous extract of root on the radicle length of the studied plant with linear dependent.