فهرست مطالب ندا اثنی عشری

The purpose of this study was developing and validating the metamemory scale for adolescents in the academic context. The study was a mixed method research and benefitted from sequential exploratory type which in qualitative stage using triangulation method (aligning multiple data approach) holding four dimensions of a) collecting literature reviews related to metamemoey based on the theoretical framework of Nelson & Narens, b) researches done in the field of metamemory and learning, c) presentation of memory-based assignments and metamemory based interviews on students (n=33) and analysis them (criteria and markers), & d) utilizing the views of experts in the field of primary theoretical framework and at last based on them, metamemory scale was developed and validated. Then in quantitative stage, using a sample of 289 students (170=girl & 116=boy in the range of 12-18 years old) validity and reliability of the scale were verified by using exploratory factor analysis and Cronbach’s alpha. The results of exploratory factor analysis showed 19 items in the form of 4 factors that create the metamemory scale: Judgments of Learning, Self-Confidence Judgments, Feeling of Knowing Judgments, and Ease of Learning Judgments. Cronbach’s alpha coefficient was calculated for each factor and the reliability coefficient of the whole scale was 0/71. Research findings provide a tool for measuring matamemory in adolescent’s age group in academic context that is a useful instrument for measuring metamemory and applying in cognitive and learning researches.

In order to make good decisions and solve complex problems of society today, creativity is one of the basic aspects of education systems. The purpose of this paper was to examine the efficacy of creativity training using Lego on self-confidence and problem-solving ability of children (4-6 year old) in Yazd City. The research design was experimental with pretest and posttest with training and control groups. The population of this study was all of the children (4-6 year old) attending kindergartens of Yazd city. A total of 40 of them were selected by random multilevel sampling and assigned to the experimental and control groups (20 in each group). To assess the children's self-confidence and problem-solving ability a semi-structured clinical interview was used. Creativity training program using the Lego as an experimental factor in 9 sessions of 60 minutes in three times a week was conducted for the experimental group. The results of MANCOVA showed that the experimental group at the end of training had more self-confidence and problem-solving ability than the control group. It can be concluded that creativity training increases self-confidence and problem-solving of children.

Learning strategies and approaches are those which affect the quality of learning and the students use these strategies during learning to achieve their goals. The aim of this study was comparing the motivational strategies, learning resource management strategies and learning approaches in students of smart and normal schools. It was a causal-comparative study. The research population included all 7th and 8th grade female students of smart and normal high school of Yazd city in the academic year of 2015-2016. The sample consisted of 339 students (172 smart school students and 167 students of normal schools) that were selected using cluster sampling method. In order to measure the variables, Questionnaires of motivational strategies for learning (Pintrich and DeGroot, 1990) and learning approaches (Entwistle and Tait, 2000) were used. The results revealed that there were significant differences among the components of motivational strategies in students of smart and normal schools. Also, there were significant differences in learning resource management strategies and its components among the smart and normal school students. In addition, there were significant differences in learning approaches between normal and smart school students.

This study aimed to examine the mediating role of emotional maturity in the relationship between self-esteem and social anxiety among female students in Yazd. The present study was the correlation study in the kind of path analysis. The population consisted of all seventh and eighth grade female students in high schools of Yazd city in the academic year of 2015-2016. The sample consisted of 261 female students who were selected by cluster sampling method. In order to measure the variables of this study, emotional maturity scale (Singh and BhargaOa, 1974) and Rosenberg`s self-esteem and social anxiety scale for adolescents were used. Path analysis results approved the mediating role of emotional maturity in relationship between self-esteem and social anxiety. Similarly, social anxiety was directly predictable by self-esteem. The results showed that higher self-esteem leads to greater emotional maturity and lower social anxiety.

Body dysmorphic disorder is one of the common disorders in which adolescents give excessive attention to their appearances. In fact, it may causes disruptions in adolescent's individual and social life. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate the prevalence of body dysmorphic disorder in female adolescents of Yazd. In this cross-sectional study, the population consisted of all high school female students of Yazd (N= 10737) in 2012-2013, among which 371 students were selected as the study sample by using Cochran formula and cluster sampling method. Moreover, the participants completed a series of demographic questions as well as the questionnaire of Yale-Brown Obsessive Compulsive Scale-Body Dysmorphic Disorder (Y-BOCS-BDD). The findings revealed that 41% of sample were reported to have unusual concern about appearance and body shape in range of low to very severe. As a matter of fact, most of them experienced moderate severity and 7.1% showed severe body dysmorphic disorder that required immediate psychological intervention. The prevalence in female adolescents was estimated as 7.1% and most prevalent age of suffering was 17. In this research, it was endeavored to provide a more realistic image of body dysmorphic disorder in Yazd adolescents by utilizing a precise methodology. Considering the high prevalence of this disorder in female adolescents and its adverse consequences, some programs are recommended to be applied for diagnosis and early treatment of body dysmorphic disorder to promote adolescents mental health.