فهرست مطالب نرگس شاه نظری

The narration of the Persian wars by the Greek historians, especially Herodotus, in the absence of the Iranian narrative, is a one-sided narrative that deprives the reader of obtaining and understanding other aspects of these wars. In the Greek narrative, the military and policing strategies of these wars are either not discussed or only a brief mention is enough. The Battle of Thermopylae is one of the Persian wars that was the key to capturing Athens. Therefore, the main question in this research is, what was Xerxes' military and policing strategy in the states located on the way to Greece and in the battle of Thermopylae? The findings of the research show that according to the military supplies and support of Xerxes' army, the movement and movement of troops, the construction, maintenance and reconstruction of roads and bridges, clothing and war equipment and strategic plans during the war, Xerxes, in the first place, followed It was to secure the western borders of the empire and to regulate the western states, which was accomplished by completely conquering Thrace and Macedonia to the north of Greece. The capture of northern Greece was the first consequence and fruit of Xerxes's preparations and strategic plan, which continued with the victory in Thermopylae and, more importantly, the capture of Athens. Xerxes' advance towards Athens should be studied in the context of his satisfaction with his military strategy. In fact, Thermopylae and the capture of Athens were the result of Xerxes' planning, logistics and policy in organizing the developments of the western borders, which was a great achievement for Xerxes before the defeat of Salamis. This research is written based on the descriptive-analytical approach using the narrative analysis method.

The Battle of Salamis took place in 480, near Athens, between the Persians and the Greeks and permanently blocked the Persian’ advance westward. Herodotus' account of this battle has caused much controversy. This article intends to analyze Herodotus' account of the Battle of Salamis using the method of narrative analysis? The findings of this study show that Herodotus, the most important narrator of this battle, has made the Salamis a catastrophic defeat among the Persian’s defeats. To convey the message to its addressees that the Persians had been claiming to occupy Greece since entering Asia Minor, and that only the victories of the Greeks in Marathon, Salamis, and Plataea had blocked their advance forever. In his account of the Battle of Salamis, he refrains from addressing the principle of battle, instead focusing on reporting issues before and after the war. From Herodotus’ point of view, Salamis was the end point of the Persian Wars, which was rooted in the defeat the Marathon, and the defeat of Xerxes brought freedom and liberation from slavery to the Greeks.

The Battle of Marathon, the first direct confrontation between the Persians and the Greeks in 490 BC, was a turning point in the relations between the Achaemenid Empire and the Greek world. Over time, this battle become an epic in defense of Greek freedom. However, less attention, despite the inspirational feature of the battle, has been paid to its narration and the perception of Greek historians and their audiences of it. This article seeks to answer the question of the motif the Greek sources, especially Herodotus, used in the narration of the Battle of Marathon and the subjectivity of their Greek audiences. Research findings show that Herodotus, the most important narrator of the battle, paid less attention to the Marathon than to the Xerxes wars, but by placing it in the field of Persian wars, on the one hand, he has made the Marathon the end point of the Ionian uprising and on the other hand, the introduction of the Xerxes wars, by which he has intended to make his audience believe that the catastrophic wars between the Persians and the Greeks were rooted in the Persians' overthrow of the Ionians, the collaboration of the Ionian tyrants with the Persians, and eventually the Ionian uprising. From Herodotus's point of view, the Marathon was the result of the Ionian uprising, and Salamis was the result of the Battle of Marathon. Thus, the Marathon was a link between the string of Persian and Greek wars.