فهرست مطالب نسیم ترابی

Venous thromboembolism (VTE) is the most important non-surgical complication in patients undergoing major urological surgery. Pulmonary embolism is the most common cause of death after urological surgery. Several clinical practice guidelines have been presented in different countries to prevent VTE, reduce the risk of VTE, and minimize the risk of bleeding. In Iran, there is no local clinical guideline for the prevention of VTE in urological surgery patients. Therefore, the present study aimed to review the clinical guidelines available in the world regarding thromboprophylaxis in urological surgery patients and present a summary.

The latest version of all available clinical guidelines related to VTE prophylaxis in urological surgeries until 2022 was searched using Medline (by PubMed), Google Scholar, Embase, and Trip database. After selection, each clinical guideline was reviewed by two researchers and a summary of their recommendations was presented.

During the database search, four clinical guidelines were included in this study. Among the present guidelines, only the European Urological Association guideline was appropriate for patients undergoing urological surgery, and the other three guidelines were related to hospitalized patients or those who underwent other surgeries, which in some parts addressed urological patients. According to the guidelines, the prevention methods of VTE prophylaxis are mechanical and pharmaceutical.

The present study showed that there is only one clinical guideline that has provided specific recommendations for urological surgeries, and other clinical guidelines have not specifically addressed these patients. A review of the aforementioned guidelines (whether specific to urology patients or not) showed a dearth of evidence and research on urological surgery patients, and decision-making is not easily possible in many cases. The results of the present study can be a step for the adaptation and approval of valid global guidelines and their use in our country. Moreover, due to the lack of clinical guidelines in Iran, the summary of the recommendations of this study can be used for clinical purposes.

Considering the important role of the educational system in the society and the diversity of its services and activities, it is necessary that huge human resources are available to this system, but usually these resources are not selected competently or effectively and efficiently. are not exploited; therefore in this research, the process of establishing the succession planning system of management in universities was carried out using a qualitative method based on the grounded theory. For this purpose, 23 chancellors and vice-chancellors of departments in Azad Universities were interviewed and the data was extracted from the text of the interviews. The results of data analysis in the three stages of open, axial, and selective coding showed 14 general categories that were based on a paradigmatic model including causative conditions (foresight in academic decisions and proper management of resources); focal category (meritocracy); establishment strategies (nurturing competent ones, management Style, Creating a collaborative environment and Creating favorable structural and executive fields); background factors (culture and Value and psychological Factors); intervening conditions (management of the academic system, supporting and organizational culture) and the expected outcomes (organizational promotion) reflects the process of establishing a succession planning system of management in universities and the relationship between their different dimensions. To check the validity and reliability of the findings, the method of review by members, collaborative and collaborative review was used. As a result, this research provides a framework for policymakers and decision makers that they can use to establish the management succession system in universities.