فهرست مطالب نسیم حیاتی رودباری

In vitro maturation (IVM) is a method by which immature oocytes mature in a culture medium and laboratory conditions. Therefore, the culture medium plays a crucial role in the final result of the IVF outcome. This study investigates the impact of six different doses of the Ghrelin hormone agonist GHRP-6 in a synthetic culture medium containing human tubal fluid with serum albumin (HTF+HSA) on the maturation rate of human immature oocytes (GV) within 24 and 48 hours. The oocytes were collected from women under 35 years old, referring to Mehr Infertility Center/ Rasht /Iran, due to non-female factor infertility, and immature oocytes, unsuitable for oocytes cytoplasmic injection, were donated to this project. 30 immature oocytes were used in all 6 experimental and control groups. The criterion of cell maturity and progress of meiosis was the formation of the first polar body after 24 and 48 hours. Fisher's exact test was used to examine statistically significant differences between the groups. The addition of 75 ng/ml of GHRP-6 to the HTF culture medium led to a maturation of 70% of GVs after 24 hours which was statistically significant in comparison with other groups (p < 0.05), but not significant at 48h which was 80% (p > 0.05). There was no significant difference between the 50 ng/ml and 25ng/ml groups and the control group. On the other hand, it was observed that increasing the dose of GHRP-6 in the culture medium led to stop growth and cell death. The results indicated that the Ghrelin hormone agonist with a concentration of 75 ng/ml in the culture medium of human tubule fluid containing human serum can accelerate the meiosis process and better development of oocytes.

Behavioral and electrophysiological study on the use of bone marrow stromal cell transplantation along with olive extract in the repair of severed sciatic nerve in rats.

After sciatic nerve amputation, adult male rats were randomly divided into 4 groups of 7.Healthy rats, rats with sciatica without treatment intervention, rats with bone marrow stromal cells treated with olive extract at the site of amputation, rats with bone marrow stromal cells injected at the site of injury.The rate of recovery was assessed by sensory motor activity of the sciatic nerve, electrophysiological studies.

Sciatic nerve motor evaluation, no control group returned to normal in the eighth week, cell therapy group was restored with olive extract in the eighth week. The level of AMP in the eighth week after the restoration of the cell therapy group with a gentle slope indicates the recovery process of the cell therapy group.Counting the number of nerve fibers at an area of 1000 μm, the number of nerve fibers in the cell therapy groups increased in the eighth week after repair, compared with the control group and the PLGA membrane group. By the end of the eighth week, the sciatic nerve index (Hot Plate test), the healing process of the cell therapy group with olive extract was more evident to other groups.

bone marrow stromal cell transplantation repairs sciatic nerve and olive extract along with bone marrow stromal cell accelerates sciatic nerve repair.

The application of mesenchymal stem cells is a novel approach in regenerative medicine and infertility. Recently, culture enrichment using the secretome obtained from these cells, as well as the optimal time for culture, have been considered in order to improve the results of in vitro maturation (IVM), especially in women with polycystic ovaries (PCOS). The purpose of this study is comparing 24 and 48 timing on IVM using secretome of menstrual blood stem cells (MenSCs) along with follicular fluid and melatonin in PCOS women. 400 germinal vesicle oocytes were collected from 100 PCOS patients, as the best candidates for IVM, and randomly divided into four groups: control, secretome, follicular fluid and melatonin. Oocyte maturation was evaluated at 24 and 48 hours. Also, the effect patient’s age on the results of the study was evaluated in the age groups under 30 and over 30 years old in both time periods. Oocyte maturation rate showed a significant increase in 24 hours in the group enriched with secretome compared to the control (p < 0.05). Also, matured oocytes were noticeably higher in melatonin enriched group, in 48 hours, compared to the control (p < 0.001). Moreover, according to our findings, the age of the women did not have a significant effect on the oocyte maturation rate in the 24-hour culture, while in the younger age group, the oocyte maturation rate increased significantly both in secretome and melatonin groups compared to the control group. As a result, the culture time of 24 hours with IVM medium enriched by secretome is the optimal time in order to increase oocyte maturation in PCOS women. Also, the use of melatonin seems to be an effective strategy to improve egg maturation in extended culture times.

Treatment with nanoparticles has attracted the attention of many researchers. Due to their small size and easy absorption, nanoparticles can be a suitable option for treatment. In this study, a comparative study of the anticancer effect of silver nanoparticles, zinc oxide and iron oxide on leukemic cell line and white blood cells of HPB-ALL was done.Human white blood cells and leukemia cell line HPB-ALL were passaged. Iron oxide, zinc oxide and silver nanoparticles with different concentrations were added to the microplates containing the cells and the cells were treated with nanoparticles for 24 hours. PI was evaluated. The results obtained for leukemic cell line HPB-ALL and white blood cells were analyzed with the effect of three nanoparticles of silver, zinc oxide and iron oxide at a significant level (P<0.05). All three nanoparticles showed cytotoxic effects in both cell lines. The cytotoxicity effects of nanoparticles were higher in leukemic cell line HPB-ALL than in white blood cells. Among these nanoparticles, silver nanoparticles had a significant cytotoxic effect in HPB-ALL leukemic cell line compared to the other two nanoparticles. Evaluation of IC50, DNA damage and apoptosis induction in HPB-All leukemic cell line by silver nanoparticles was significantly higher than other two nanoparticles. According to the above results and further investigations of the penetration mechanism of each of the nanoparticles, it can be said that silver nanoparticles have the potential for therapeutic applications.

Cyclomaltodextrinase (CDase) is belonging to a class of enzymes that are involved in carbohydrate degradation. It is one of the most important enzymes from the amylase family with highly important industrial applications. Recently, a variant of native CDase has characterized and reported (Accession number: AMB26774). Previous study on this enzyme and three representative mutants including A123V, C127Q and their respective double mutant, A123V/C127Q has shown that applying point mutations on the interface between the subunits has functional and structural consequences. In current work, complete set of experimental study and modelling procedures was performed to elucidate the thermodynamics behavior of the enzyme variants in chemical denaturation experiments using Guanidinium chloride (GdmCl) as chemical denaturant. It was shown that the wild-type protein with the maximum value of ∆G^(H_2 O) is the most stable variant, as compared with mutants. It appears that the replacement of residues at positions 123 and 127 leads to increasing the flexibility of the protein chains and that the feasibility of the GdmCl penetration and interaction with mutants as compared with the WT protein. We concluded that these positions are hot spot points that can be more manipulated to change the structural features of the enzyme toward thermal and chemical stability.

Diabetes is a type of metabolic disease and one of the most common endocrine diseases. Oxidative stress and inflammation play an important role in the development and progression of diabetes. mTOR signaling pathway play an important role in glucose homeostasis and proliferation of pancreatic beta cells. In the present study, the therapeutic effects of p-cymene on oxidative stress markers and expression of the mTOR gene in diabetic male Wistar rats were investigated.

Diabetes was induced by injecting 55 mg/kg body weight of streptozotocin. Biochemical analyses of pancreatic tissue and real-time PCR were done to investigate the effects of metformin (55 mg/kg body weight) and p-cymene (25, 50, and 100 mg/kg body weight) on the activities of catalase and glutathione peroxidase enzymes and mTOR gene expression.

Streptozotocin decreased catalase and glutathione peroxidase enzymes and decreased the expression of the mTOR gene in pancreatic tissue. Treatment with metformin or p-cymene improved the activities of catalase and glutathione peroxidase enzymes and the expression of the mTOR gene in a dose-independent manner.

Results indicate that p-cymene has antioxidant properties and can regulate the mTOR signaling pathway. Therefore, p-cymene may be effective for the treatment of diabetes alone or in combination with metformin.

In this study, the effect of quercetin on the survival of cancer cells was investigated using MTT and trypan blue tests. Quercetin is a flavonol that has antioxidant properties and is found in fruits, vegetables, and especially colored seeds. Breast cancer cells (MCF-7 cell line) and healthy cells (HEK-293 cell line) were exposed to 50 and 100 micromolar doses of quercetin for 24 and 48 hours.To check the viability of cancer cells, MTT and trypan blue tests were performed. According to the results, the survival rate of cancer cells with Q50 μM dose in 48 hours was significantly decreased in the surface (P < 0.01). Also, a significant decrease was observed in Q100 μM dose at 24 and 48 hours. This decrease was significant at 24 hours at P < 0.05 and at 48 hours at P < 0.01. The results of tests showed the positive anti-cancer effects of quercetin. Based on the results of this research, quercetin reduced the survival rate of cancer cells and the best result was observed in 48 hours. Considering that the anti-cancer effects of quercetin were greater after 48 hours, long-term use of this drug is recommended to achieve its therapeutic effects.

Background &

Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is the most common endocrine disorder of women of reproductive ages. Some medicinal plants have chemical compounds that can prevent the occurrence or development of PCOS. The purpose of the present study was to investigate the protective effect of hydroethanolic extract of palm meristem (HEPM) in female rats with polycystic ovary syndrome induced with estradiol valerate.

In the present experimental study conducted in 2022, 42 adult female Wistar rats (180-200 g) were randomly divided into 6 groups (n=7): Control group: (injection of 0.25 ml of normal saline subcutaneously, 0.25 ml of normal saline gavaged, daily). Positive control group: (500 mg/kg HEPM gavaged, daily). Estradiol valerate group: (single subcutaneous injection of estradiol valerate, 2 mg/kg in a volume of 0.25 ml of olive oil). Sham group: (single subcutaneous injection 0.25 ml of olive oil). Treatment group 1 (Estradiol valerate 2 mg/kg in a volume of 0.25 ml of olive oil + HEPM 250 mg/kg gavaged, daily). Treatment group 2 (Estradiol valerate 2 mg/kg in a volume of 0.25 ml of olive oil + HEPM 500 mg/kg gavaged, daily). The experiments lasted for 50 days. After the end of the experiments, the animals were anesthetized with ketamine hydrochloride (50 mg/kg body weight) and then a blood sample of 5 ml was taken from the inferior vena cava and the ovaries were removed. Blood samples were separated after centrifugation and sent to the laboratory for biochemical and hormonal tests. Collected data were analyzed using Kolmogrof-Smironov statistical tests, one-way analysis of variance and Tukey's post hoc test.

The results indicated that estradiol valerate caused PCOS in rats. The serum level of testosterone hormone in the rats of the estradiol valerate group increased significantly compared to the control group (p<0.001). The serum level of estradiol and progesterone hormones in rats of the estradiol valerate group had a significant decrease compared to the control group (p<0.001). In treatment groups 1 and 2, there was a significant decrease in testosterone and a significant increase in the serum level of estradiol and progesterone (p<0.001).

The results of the present study indicated that hydroethanolic extract of palm meristem due to compounds such as Phytoestrogens, flavonoids and other antioxidant substances are able to protect the ovarian tissue against the occurrence of polycystic ovary syndrome against estradiol valerate.

The skin is one of the largest organs of the body and acts as a protective barrier against external harmful factors including microorganisms. It can be damaged and sometimes if the damage is too much, the hypoderm is also involved, so more time is needed for restoration. The purpose of this research is to investigate cedar plant on skin wound healing in NMRI laboratory mice. 24 mice with a weight of approximately 25-35 grams were bought and after wounding the skin on days 3, 6, 12, 21 they were treated with ointment prepared from cedar and oserin. Mice were randomly divided into three groups: sham, experimental 1, experimental 2. These groups were treated with oserin and Cedar ointment with a dose of 2 mg and 4 mg respectively. Wounds were measured after 3 weeks and their tissue was evaluated by hematoxylin-eosin staining. Biochemical indices of SOD, MDA and TAC were also investigated. Data analysis was done by SPSS version 22 software and Tukey's test. The wound size in Cedar 1 and 2 groups had a significant decrease compared to oserin (p < 0.05). The concentration of MDA in cedar groups 1 and 2 had a significant decrease compared to oserin (p < 0.05). In addition, the activity of SOD and TAC were significantly increased in cedar groups 1 and 2 compared to oserin (p < 0.05). Also, there was a significant increase in the thickness of epidermis and dermis in cedar 1 and 2 compared to oserin (p < 0.05). There was a significant increase in the number of fibroblasts and blood vessels in cedar 1 and 2 compared to oserin (p < 0.05). According to the results of the present study, it can be concluded that cedar extract was effective in wound healing by increasing SOD, TAC and decreasing MDA.

Wound healing is one of the important problems in medicine. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate the effect of Ferula gummosa extract on skin wound healing in NMRI mice. 24 NMRI mice with skin ulcers, were treated with Ferula gummosa ointment on days 3, 6,12, and 21, and randomly divided into three eucerin groups (daily recipient eucerin ointment), the experimental group1(daily treatment with Ferula gummosa ointment at a dose of 2 mg) and the experimental group 2 (daily treatment with Ferula gummosa ointment at a dose of 4 mg and the ulcers were measured with a calliper and the biochemical indexes of superoxide dismutase (SOD), malondialdehyde (MDA) and total antioxidant capacity (TAC) in tissue, were measured. Then, tissue sections were prepared from the wound and evaluated histopathologically by hematoxylin-eosin staining. The data were analyzed by SPSS 22 software and the Tukey test at a significance level of p < 0.05 and the histograms were drawn in excel. wound size in the Ferula gummosa groups compared to the Eucerin group showed a significant decrease (p < 0.05). The concentration of MDA in groups the Ferula gummosa significantly decreased time-dependent compared with the eucerin group (p < 0.05). SOD activity and TAC concentration also showed a significant increase in time-dependent in groups Ferula gummosa compared to the eucerin group (p < 0.05). Based on histopathological findings, epidermal and dermal thickness increased significantly in groups Barijeh compared to eucerin group (p < 0.05), and the number of fibroblasts and blood vessels in the two groups of Barijeh in a time-dependent manner compared to the Eucerin group showed a significant increase (p < 0.05). According to the results, it was shown that Ferula gummosa is effective in wound healing and repair by increasing SOD and TAC activity and decreasing MDA concentration, as well as histopathological results. Therefore, the findings of this study showed a new perspective on this herbal medicine for us wound healing.
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Freezing is a long-term egg storage method that plays an important role in assisted reproductive methods. The aim of the present study is to investigate the effect of freezing solutions and docetaxel on the expression changes of autophagy genes such as Atg5 and Beclin-1 in mouse MII oocytes after glass freezing by cryotop method. To achieve this goal, mouse MII oocytes were collected and frozen in two different concentrations of 15% ethylene glycol, 15% dimethyl sulfoxide and 0.5 M sucrose in group A (VS1) and 7.5% ethylene glycol, glycerol. 7.5% and 0.5 M sucrose were frozen in group B (VS2) and some groups were affected by docetaxel before freezing. After thawing, the eggs were fertilized.The percentage of survival and fertilization of frozen and thawed oocytes was evaluated and the expression changes of genes (Atg5 and Beclin-1) were investigated by RT-PCR method. The results showed that there are significant differences between the percentage of survival and the percentage of fertilization in the freezing groups compared to the control group (P<0.05). The percentage of survival and fertilization in the VS1 group decreased compared to the VS2 group. Also, the percentage of survival and conception of the groups pre-incubated with Docetaxel was higher than the non-incubated groups. This study showed that vitrification with cryotop changes the transcript levels of autophagy genes in frozen-thawed MII oocytes, and pre-incubation of oocytes with docetaxel before vitrification can decrease the transcript levels of Atg5 and Beclin-1 in the experimental groups and above Increase the percentage of survival and the percentage of formation of two-celled embryos.

Infertility is a life crisis that affects patients worldwide. Infertility is defined as failure to conceive after 12 months of sexual activity, affecting 15-17% of couples worldwide. and about 50% of them are related to the factors of female infertility. Activating the process of meiosis in the oocyte and its maturation has been one of the important therapeutic goals of infertility researchers. Today, inducing oocyte growth and development outside the body is one of the methods used in assisted reproduction technology. Bone marrow is a complex organ in which different lineages of hematopoietic and stromal cells support hematopoiesis. Extracellular vesicles (EVs) with a size of 20-100 nm are released by different types of cells in culture media. In addition to proteins, exosomes are enriched with an array of cytokines, specific lipid rafts such as phosphoglyceride, cholesterol, ceramide, fatty-acyl chains, as well as mRNAs, miRNAs, non-coding RNAs, tRNAs, rRNAs, and rarely DNA.  The purpose of this experimental research is to investigate the effect of exosomes derived from the bone marrow stem cells of small laboratory mice on the maturation of preantral follicles.

Exosomes were isolated and cultured from the mesenchymal stem cells of the bone marrow of small laboratory mice by the flushing method. Identification of stem cells was done by flow cytometry method and separation and purification of exosomes was done by ultracentrifuge, identification of exosome was also checked by atomic force microscope (AFM). The effects of exosomes on the viability of follicles were measured by the MTT method, and developmental parameters such as the diameter and the formation of the antrum cavity in the follicles were examined and the follicles were examined on days 0, 2, 3 and 4 of culture with 20 magnification and inverted microscope. Photographs were taken and the diameter of the follicles was measured in micrometers by Image J software. The expression of GDF-9, BMP-15 and BMP-7 genes as genes involved in the growth and maturation of follicles was investigated using Real Time-PCR method. GraphPad Prism 8 software and one way Anova statistical test were used to analyze the data of this research.

The evaluation of the viability of the follicles showed that compared to the control group, the follicles treated with exosome 25, 50 and 100 micrograms/ml showed an increase in viability, as well as the rate of antrum formation increased significantly in the group with the concentration 100 μg/ml showed a significant level (p<0.01**) compared to the control group. The diameter of the follicles increased with increasing the concentration of exosomes compared to the control group. GDF-9, BPM-15 and BMP-7 genes also increased in the treatment groups.

According to the findings of this experimental research, it can be stated that exosomes derived from bone marrow stem cells Small laboratory mice have a positive effect on survival and maturity, as well as the growth of ovarian follicles.

Considering the progress of science and space exploration and the importance of maintaining the health of astronauts both during the space mission and after returning to earth after carrying out space research, investigating the effects of weightlessness on the hormone testosterone and maintaining the fertility of astronauts is very important. is On the other hand, due to the use of carbon nanotubes in the spaceship equipment sector as well as protective shields, astronauts will be exposed to high concentrations of this nanomaterial, hence the investigation of the effects of this nanomaterial on the testosterone level of male astronauts in the conditions Weightlessness is very important in order to maintain their reproductive power. In this research, 30 male rats were used. The animals were randomly divided into five groups of six including control, sham and three experimental groups. The control group received normal food and water for 30 days. The sham group was placed in weightless conditions (in a weightless cage) for 30 days. Experimental group 1 received 20 mg/kg of multi-walled carbon nanotube intraperitoneally for 30 days. Experimental group 2 was placed in a weightless cage for 30 days and received 20 mg/kg of multi-walled carbon nanotube intraperitoneally. Experimental group 3 received 3 cc of solution (2.5 cc of water, 0.5 cc of tween) intraperitoneally for 30 days. The results showed that in the sham group and experimental groups 1 and 2, weight loss was observed. In the examination of blood serum samples, the level of testosterone had decreased significantly. Exposure to multi-walled carbon nanotubes in weightless conditions causes a significant decrease in the amount of testosterone hormone.

Stem cells with high proliferative capacity can be isolated from different tissues of the body. These cells originate from the fetal mesoderm and are found in tissues such as bone marrow, fat tissue, amniotic fluid, and Wharton's jelly. In this study, the survival of Wharton's jelly human mesenchymal stem cells inside alginate capsules after 7, 14 and 21 days has been investigated. In this experimental study, 10 umbilical cord samples were obtained from pregnant mothers during caesarean section, and the vessels of the umbilical cord samples were isolated. Then it was cultured in DMEM-HG medium containing 10% FBS serum for 5 days. To show the stemness of these cells, CD73, CD34 and CD45 markers were evaluated by flow cytometry technique. After confirmation, the cells were encapsulated in alginate hydrogels. The viability of encapsulated cells was evaluated by trypan blue and MTT. The results showed that the capsules are spherical and have a uniform border and are homogeneously dispersed throughout the capsule. Wharton jelly encapsulation of mesenchymal stem cells did not change their morphology and viability. After 21 days, the survival of the encapsulated cells was maintained. Alginate as a three-dimensional biodegradable scaffold with suitable cell viability can be used as a suitable option for cell therapy and tissue engineering with the property of non-graft rejection.

Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is one of the most common endocrinopathy disorders in women and is one of the most important factors that lead to infertility. Thymol has many antimicrobial and antifungal effects. The aim of this study is to investigate the effect of thymol in the treatment of rats suffering from polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS). This experimental study was conducted on female Wistar rats and the animals were divided into three groups: control, control (sham), and experimental. In order to induce PCOS, estradiol-valerate in the amount of 40 mg/4 ml was injected intramuscularly in 2 control and experimental groups for 25 days. Then, for 4 weeks, the control group and the experimental group were given grape seed oil, thymol in the amount of received 12 mg/kg in the amount of 1 cc through gavage. Finally, the animals were anesthetized by ether, the ovaries were removed for histological examination, and the blood serum was separated to examine the blood parameters. The findings of this study indicate that in the group The recipient of thymol increased the number of primary follicles (p < 0.01), developing and corpus luteum (p < 0.05), grafts (p < 0.001) and reduced cysts (p < 0.001) compared to the group. A control was observed. In the examination of blood parameters, it was found that in the group receiving thymol, there was a decrease in LH hormone (p < 0.01) and an increase in FSH hormone (p < 0.01). It was observed with the control group. The results of the research showed that probably the composition of thymol can be effective in the treatment of patients with polycystic ovary syndrome, although this case requires more studies.

In this study, the therapeutic effect of umbilical cord blood cells with chicory extract on repair of severed sciatic nerve in adult male Wistar rats was evaluated by behavioral, electrophysiological study.

After sciatic nerve amputation, adult male rats were randomly divided into 4 groups of 7.Healthy rats, rats with sciatica without treatment intervention, rats with umbilical cord blood cells treated with chicory extract at the site of amputation, rats with umbilical cord blood cells injected at the site of injury.The rate of recovery was assessed by sensory motor activity of the sciatic nerve, electrophysiological studies.

Sciatic nerve motor evaluation, no control group returned to normal in the eighth week, cell therapy group was restored with chicory extract in the eighth week. The level of AMP in the eighth week after the restoration of the cell therapy group with a gentle slope indicates the recovery process of the cell therapy group.Counting the number of nerve fibers at an area of 1000 μm, the number of nerve fibers in the cell therapy groups increased in the eighth week after repair, compared with the control group and the PLGA membrane group. By the end of the eighth week, the sciatic nerve index (Hot Plate test), the healing process of the cell therapy group with chicory extract was more evident to other groups.

Cord blood cell transplantation repairs sciatic nerve and chicory extract along with umbilical cord blood cells accelerates sciatic nerve repair.

Diabetes is a serious public health problem in low- and middle-income countries. There is a strong association between hyperglycemia, oxidative stress and the development of diabetes. Therefore, screening and early diagnosis of this disease in people at high risk can be effective in preventing these complications. The main route of insulin signaling is to control lipid and glucose metabolism, and its imbalance leads to type 2 diabetes. P-Cymene is an aromatic monoterpene with a wide range of therapeutic properties including antioxidant activity. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of p-Cymene at a dose of 50 mg / kg in preventing the symptoms of diabetes and serum factors.

30 male Wistar rats weighing approximately 250 g were randomly selected and divided into five groups: control, diabetic control (sham), metformin-treated diabetic (met), and non-diabetic treated. P-Cymene and diabetics treated with P-Cymene were divided.  One week after streptozotocin injection, treatment with P-Cymene at a dose of 50 mg / kg was performed by sunflower oil solvent for 28 days by gavage. At the end of the experiment, blood samples were taken from the hearts of rats and the parameters of glucose, insulin, and superoxide dismutase (SOD) were measured.

The results showed that diabetes increased water and food intake as well as glucose levels and decreased insulin (P <0.001) and superoxide dismutase activity in rats and administration of P-Cymene extract improved the symptoms of diabetes and oxidative stress in Became diabetic rat.

Prenatal bacterial lipopolysaccharides (LPS) exposure causes damage of the brain and gonadal system.The aim of this study included determination of astaxanthin effect to ameliorate undesired effects of bacterial LPS during fetal period and improve maternal behavior, body weight and length and neural changes in adult male NMRI mice.

Pregnant female mice were divided into four groups. 1) Control: this group received only distill water in gavage route at day 11 of pregnancy. 2) LPS group: this group received subcutaneous 20 µg/kg of body weight LPS at the day 11 of pregnancy. 3) AST receiving females: pregnant mice received 5 mg/kg body weight AST in gavage route at days 11, 12 and 13 of pregnancy. 4) Females receiving LPS+AST: pregnant female received 5 mg/kg AST in form of gavage route at time intervals 11, 12 and 13 of pregnancy. At the day 11 of pregnancy, they received 20 µg/kg LPS 1.5 h after AST gavage. Then, maternal care behaviors were assessed for 3 days. After breeding of offspring, the body weight and height were measured. Moreover, after adult of offspring at the day 60, the neuronal changes of the hypothalamus were studied.

In this study, AST did not lead to significant improvement in maternal behaviors, body weight and height of offspring, however, AST conferred positive effect on neuronal cells of the hypothalamus.

AST has neuroprotective effects which it might ameliorate the deficits presumably through its antioxidant property.

Due to the enhancement of Rheumatoid Arthritis (RA) in industrial countries, the present animal modeling study in Rat was carried out to compare the effect of Eugenol and Nano-Eugenol on molecular expression and histopathological conditions. The neonatal Wistar rats were randomly divided into four groups (n =10 per group). Normal Saline, 100 microliters per day, was used in the sham group (G1). Animals in model groups as G2 received CFA and Bovine collagen type II (CII). Rats of group III (G3) received Eugenol and Chitosan Nanoparticle, and group IV (G4) received Eugenol (100 microliters per day). After treatment, the rats were sacrificed, and Matrix Metalloprotease-9 (MMP-9), Tumor Necrosis Factor-α (TNF-α), Interleukin-10 (IL-10), paw score, and Rheumatoid Factor (RF) were assessed supported by a cartilage histopathology analysis. Arthritic rats showed severe joint hyperplasia, stiffness, increased paw volume, and clinical symptoms. A substantial decrease in the rate of TNF-α, RF, and MMP-9 protein has been detected in G3 and G4. However, the level of the IL-10 gene expression increased in the G2. In G3, there was a substantial improvement in arthritis symptoms, biochemical markers, and joint histological abnormalities as compared to G4. In rats, Eugenol and Nano-Eugenol reduced and improved the inflammatory symptoms and cartilage destruction caused by rheumatoid arthritis, indicating that Eugenol can be used as an effective herbal substance to remedy the traditional treatment of rheumatoid arthritis. These results suggest that Eugenol may have therapeutic potential for autoimmune diseases

Mice are the most commonly used animal in reproductive research and following the urgent need for these type of studies and also due to the increased interest in the ethical principle of animal rights, four various inbred and outbred strains of the laboratory mouse were evaluated to select the more efficient one for reproductive research.

60 female and 16 male of strains (C57, CD1, NMRI, and Balb/c) weighing 25 to 30g and aged 6 to 8 weeks were evaluated under same conditions at different stages of mature oocyte collection, fertilization and in vitro embryo development up to the blastocyst stage. The data were analyzed using a chi-square test, and the selected significance level was p<0.05.

Among the four strains, the highest to lowest fetal survival rates were for the CD1, NMRI, Balb /C and C57 mice, respectively and  their values ​​were 38.9, 14.4, 9.1 and 3.1%, individually.

Considering the results, we conclude that it is not possible to obtain optimal results for some strains due to using same instructions. The results showed that the highest rate of fertilization and embryo development up to the 8-cell stage was observed in the outbred CD1 mice. It seems that this strain is more applicable than others for reproductive research. In addition, we believe that using different medium during fertilization and embryo development as well as laboratory conditions, probably assist in improving the embryo production while minimized the required number of animals and allowed the achievement of the desired result.

The aim of the present study was to investigate the effect of docetaxel on the survival rate and in vitro fertilization of oocytes after vitrification by two cryopreservation solution.

For this NMRI mice (8-10 weeks old) were superovulated by injecting PMSG and HCG. Oocytes are surrounded by cumulus and corona cells and must be denuded by 0.1% hyaluronidase enzyme. The oocytes were then divided into 8 experimental groups including control, docetaxel, docetaxel + vitrification 1 solution; docetaxel + vitrification1; vitrification1; docetaxel + vitrification 2 solution; docetaxel + vitrification2; vitrification2. Mature oocytes were vitrified in ethylene glycol and dimethyl sulfoxide solutions at 15% concentration and 0.5 M sucrose in cryopreservation solution1 and ethylene glycol and glycerol at 7.5 concentration and 0.5 M sucrose in cryopreservation solution2. After thawing, their survival and fertilization rates were assessed up to the two-cell stage. Staining of the microtubules in the oocytes was performed with alpha-tubulin antibody.

The results showed a significant difference in survive and fertilization rates compared to the control group (P<0.05). The rate of survival and formation of 2-cell embryos in the first cryopreservation group decreased compared to the second cryopreservation group but the two groups were not statistically significant. The results showed that survival and fertilization rates in pre-incubated groups with docetaxel were higher than non-incubated groups.

Docetaxel could improve reproductive techniques by reducing the damage to the oocyte cytoskeleton.

Nowadays, researchers have made extensive efforts to find new treatments for nerve damage. Meanwhile, the role of exosomes in cell-cell communication is considered to be a new mechanism. Exosomes can act as suitable differentiating agents. The aim of this study was to investigate the differentiating effect of cerebrospinal fluid-derived exosomes on adipose mesenchymal stem cells in alginate hydrogel. Exosomes were extracted from the cerebrospinal fluid by ultracentrifugation and were then identified by atomic force microscopy (AFM), SEM and DLS technique. In addition, Adipose Mesenchymal Stem cells in alginate hydrogel were treated with different concentrations of exosomes. Cell survival was assessed by MTT and Acridine Orange/Ethidium Bromide methods. Cell differentiation was processed by immunocytochemistry and Real-Time PCR. Examinations confirmed the presence of exosomes with an approximate size of 70 nm. Cell survival results indicate that he ability of cells to survive and proliferate during 14 days. Also, the expression of MAP2 proteins (microtubule-associated protein 2) and Nestin (intermediate filament protein) was confirmed by immunocytochemistry. The results of Real Time - PCR showed that during the seventh and fourteenth days the expression level of MAP2 gene increased and the expression of Nestin gene showed a significant decrease compared to the control group. This study showed that exosomes extracted from cerebrospinal fluid can cause neuronal differentiation of Adipose mesenchymal stem cells in alginate hydrogel scaffolds.

Empagliflozin, selective glucose-sodium inhibitor of the latest drugs in the treatment of type 2 diabetes. Diabetes induced hypogonadism disrupts sexual function. There is a direct relationship between reducing blood glucose and reduced libido. In this project, the anti-diabetic drug Empagliflozin in addition to treatment has been studied, in terms of effect on sexual function.

Type 2 diabetes with injection of 60 mg/kg streptozotocin per body weight was create intraperitoneally. The primary diabetes was treated with two doses of 10 and 25 mg/kg Empagliflozin per body weight. Sexual hormones, biochemical parameters and lipid profile were measured. Evaluation of Sperm parameters and morphological studies were performed on testicular tissue, pancreas and epididymis. Data were analyzed by one-way ANOVA in SPSS software version 22 and P˂0.05 was considered as a significant level.

Empagliflozin significantly increases the quality, survival and natural state of sperm head and tail. Empagliflozin reduces weight in diabetic rats. Empagliflozin Without increasing hyperglycemia by reducing blood glucose affects steroidogenesis, maintains fertility strength in testicles, and increases the level of sex hormones. Empagliflozin significantly increases insulin secretion. Empagliflozin maintains and integrity of pancreatic beta cells. Empagliflozin has no effect on lipid profile.

Empagliflozin in addition positive effects on the treatment of diabetes in the early stage improves sexual function in adult rats.

Levofloxacin is a fluoroquinolone. Long-term use of antibiotics, including fluoroquinolone antibiotics, causes dystrophic changes in the ovaries. In this study, the effects of levofloxacin on the development of ovarian follicles and their apoptosis in the in vitro  and in vivo conditions of NMRI mice were investigated.

In the in vitro study, isolated ovaries of  animals were treated with levofloxacin at concentrations of 1, 2, 5, 10 µg/ml for 6 days and  in the in vivo study were treated with levofloxacin at concentrations of 100, 200, 400 and 800 mg/kg. After 24 days, animals were sacrificed in the in vivo groups and ovary samples were obtained.H&E staining for histological studies also Real Time PCR techniques for study of expression rate of Bax and Bcl-2 genes were performed in both groups.

The results of the in vitro study showed that the dose of 2 μg/ml induced apoptosis in the monolayer primary follicles. Doses of 5 and 10 μg/ml increased the induction of apoptosis in the multilayer primary follicle. The number of secondary follicles at the 5 μg/ml dose had the most decrease. While at the dose of 10 μg/ml, the number of mature follicles had the most increase. As the antibiotic concentration increases, the expression of the Bax gene decreases and Bcl-2  gene increases significantly. The results of the in vitro study showed that the number of primary and secondary follicles decreased dose-dependently. The number of atretic follicles increased significantly with increasing dose. The expression of the Bax and Bcl-2  genes increased with increasing levofloxacin antibiotic concentration.

This study demonstrates that levofloxacin induces apoptosis in ovarian follicles.