نصرالله جباری

The studies have been shown that aspirin, an anti-inflammatory agent, could reduce occurrence of different cancers. The aim of the present study was to evaluate pharmacological effective concentrations of aspirin with/without radiotherapy on growth rate of MCF-7 breast cancer cell line
Design: Experimental Study
Animals: The MCF-7 breast cancer cell line from rats
Procedures: The MCF-7 breast cancer cell line was prepared commercially and cultured. The cultured cells were then separated to labelled tubes and treated for 24 hours with 1, 2, 3, 4, and 5 mg aspirin plus 0.1 mg doxorubicin. Cells were then exposed to radiation. Cell proliferation and survival were measured by MTT assay, following acridine orange and propidium iodide staining methods using spectrophotometry and fluorescence microscopy.
The findings showed that proliferation and survival of the cells treated with 5 mM aspirin followed by radiotherapy were significantly decreased compared to them of the control group (PConclusion and Clinical Relevance: Although anti-proliferative activity of aspirin was lower than that of doxorubicin, it can be considered in combination therapy because of its affordability and cost-effectiveness

Due to the presence of radiosensitive organs in the abdominopelvic region and increasing the number of requests for CT scan examinations, concerns about increasing radiation doses in patients has been greatly elevated. Therefore, the goal of this study was to determine the absorbed dose of radiosensitive organs and the effective dose in patients underwent abdominopelvic CT scan using ImPACT CT patient dosimetry Calculator (version 1.0.4, Imaging Performance Assessment on Computed Tomography, www.impactscan.org).
This prospective cross-sectional study was conducted in Imam Reza Hospital from November to February 2015 February 2015 in the Imam Reza Hospital, in Urmia, Iran. The demographic and dosimetric information of 100 patients who underwent abdominopelvic CT scan in a 6-slice CT scanner were obtained through the data collection forms. The demographic data of the patients included age, weight, gender, and BMI. The dosimetric parameters included pitch value, CT dose volume index (CTDIvol), dose-length product (DLP), tube voltage, tube current, exposure time, collimation size, scan length, and scan time. To determine the absorbed dose of radiosensitive organs and also the effective dose in patients, ImPACT CT patient dosimetry calculator was used.
The results of this study demonstrated that the mean and standard deviation (SD) of patient's effective dose in abdominopelvic CT scan was 4.927±0.164 mSv. The bladder in both genders had the greatest mean organ dose, which was 64.71±17.15 mGy for men and 77.56±18.48 mGy for women (P The effective dose values of this examination are in the same range as previous studies, as well as International Commission on Radiological Protection (ICRP) recommendations. However, the radiation dose from CT scan has the largest contribution to the medical imaging. According to the ALARA principle, it is recommended that the scan parameters, especially mAs, should be chosen so that the patient dose is minimum, and the image quality is maximum. Furthermore, other imaging modalities are used as an alternative to the CT scan.

With the increasing use of CT (Computed Tomoghraphy) scans in dentistry especially in the implantology, there may be significant increases in the radiation exposure and its risk. During the last year’s ConeBeam Computed Tomoghraphy (CBCT) has been introduced as an imaging modality for dentistry. The aim of this review article was to present comprehensive information have been published, regarding the radiation dose and image quality of Conventional Multislice Computed Tomography (MSCT), Cone-Beam CT (CBCT) and periapical radiography in dentistry imaging.
A review of the literature was carried out in PubMed, Google Scholar, Science Direct and Scopus database using key words (CBCT, MSCT, periapical radiography, radiation dose of dentistry and image quality). These searches were limited to the articles published between the years of 1993 to 2015.
In comparison to MSCT, CBCT had a short scanning times and lower radiation dose, but in comparison to periapical radiography, CBCT had higher radiation dose. In contrast, CBCT with flat panel detector had higher spatial resolution to MSCT. The periapical radiography also had a good image contrast and relatively high resolution. Generally, CBCT was suitable for hard tissue imaging and MSCT was preferred for soft tissue imaging.

The present study aimed to investigate the influence of therapeutic parameters of radiation therapy on the quality life in patients suffering from head and neck cancer after being treated with three-dimensional conformal radiotherapy (3D-CRT). In this study, the quality life of 45 patients with organs at risks of thyroid, salivary glands and eyes was assessed after treatment of three-dimensional conformal radiotherapy under the influence of parameters such as the treatment region, prescribed dose, the grade of cancer and the type of treatment. The European organization for research and treatment of cancer quality of life questionnaire-core 30 (EORTC QLQ-C30) and the Quality of life questionnaire-head and neck 35 (QLQ–H&N35) were used to assess the quality of life in patients with head and neck cancer. Having collected data, Mann-Whitney and Kruskal Wallis tests were used to analyze. The level of significance was considered as 0.05 in all the tests. There was a significant correlation between the site of the tumors in different regions of head and neck and the reduction in quality life due to thyroid dysfunction (P = 0.002). However, there was not any significant correlation between the quality life and total received dose, the grade of cancer, and the type of treatment. According to the results of this study and other researches, three dimensional conformal radiotherapy with protection of organs at risk lead to satisfactory maintenance of normal tissues of head and neck regions after the treatment. This reveals the importance of using new techniques and methods to reduce the probability of normal tissue side effects and finally improve the quality life of the patients after taking the course of treatment.

This study aimed to evaluate the effects of treatment strategies and patient's demographics characteristics on normal tissue complication probability in head and neck radiotherapy using the Lyman model. 78 patients with head and neck cancers who had finished their period of treatment in the last three years were investigated. The available information in the CorePlan treatment Planning system for each patient was gathered. Finally, the normal tissue complication probability (NTCP) was determined from the dose received to the target volume and the irradiated volume using statistical model used in the CorePlan treatment planning system (Lyman model). In this work, descriptive statistics such as mean and proportion was applied to describe the data and Mann-Whitney, Kruskal-Wallis, and Spearman correlation-coefficient test also were employed. The normal tissue complication probability was found to be strongly influenced by the position of normal tissues to radiation. In addition, a significant relationship was observed between the tumor and its adjacent normal tissues (P < 0.050). Complication risk of thyroid and dose increasement was significantly correlated (P = 0.004). There was no significant relationship between the age group, sex, stage of tumor, treatment type and normal tissue complication probability (P > 0.050). According to our findings, there was a significant relationship between the tumor location and the normal tissue complication probability. Thus, optimization of treatment planning system and use of appropriate equipment are useful in improving the symptoms of head and neck cancer after radiotherapy. Using high-dose radiation for head and neck cancers should be evaluated to protect thyroid, especially when the tumor is in the neck.

Counseling can be considered as an essential and effective action in the education process of the students. The qualification of advisers leads to improving the educational goals. This study was designed to evaluate adviser’s performance in educational counseling in paramedical faculty of Urmia University of Medical Sciences. This descriptive, cross-sectional study was performed on the volunteer paramedical students of all majors (280) in Urmia University of Medical Sciences. Data were collected using a researcher-made questionnaire. The reliability and validity of the questionnaire has been approved. In this study, a high percentage of students stated that the consultation is an effective and necessary work (41.4% very much and 33.6% much). Only 7.9% of students stated that the consultation is an unnecessary work. While 94.3% of students were familiar with their advisors but only 8.9% were satisfied from the consultation of advisors. Only 13.6% of students confirmed the availability of your advisors. According to the results of this study it seems that both involved groups in the counseling may not be familiar with consultation and/or advisors are not responsible for the students and fail in their duties. In order to improve the consulting services, it is necessary to investigate the causes of the poor performance of the faculty advisors, and counseling responsibility should be suggested to the qualified persons.

Radiotherapy has been used to treat many types of cancers over the past years. Radiotherapy generates side effects on normal tissues. Radiosensitizer products provide decrease in tumor proliferation and reduce radiation dose in radiotherapy. Docosahexaenoic Acid (DHA) as an omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid has anti-proliferative effects on malignant cells. In this study، the effects of DHA accompanied by ionizing radiation on growth rate and survival fraction of HT29 colorectal cancer cells were evaluated. The present study was performed at the Institute of Biotechnology، affiliated to Urmia University، Urmia، Iran in the year 2013. In this laboratory experiment، ma-lignant cells were cultured in RPMI-1640 supplemented with 10% fetal bovine serum. HT-29 cells were cultured at 5105 cells/well into 6-well culture plates for overnight. Thereafter، the cells were pretreated with either 50 or 100 µM DHA for 4 hours and malignant cells were irradiated with either dose of 2 or 10 Gy. Cell viability was evalu-ated by trypan blue staining after 48 hours. Moreover، malignant cells were pretreated with either 50 or 100 µM DHA for 48 hours and irradiated with dose of 2 to 10 Gy. Thereafter، survival rate was evaluated by 3- (4،5-Dimethylthiazol-2-Yl) -2،5-Diphenyltetrazolium Bromide (MTT) assay after 6 days. Cell viabilities were found to be 59. 8% and 17. 5% for 50 µM DHA in combi-nation with doses of 2 and 10 Gy respectively. Using 100 µM DHA diminished cell vi-ability up to 47% and 13. 9% following doses of 2 and 10 Gy respectively. Treatment of cells with DHA accompanied by increasing doses of γ-rays significantly diminished survival rate. In treated cells with 50 and 100 µM DHA، survival rate were measured to be 79. 1%، 57. 6%، 42. 8%، 40. 5%، 34% and 55. 8%، 43. 7%، 33. 6%، 27. 9%، 23. 5% for doses of 2، 4، 6، 8 and 10 Gy respectively. Our study indicates that DHA decreases colorectal cancer cells prolifera-tion and could provide a new radiosensitizer drug to enhance the efficacy of colorectal cancer radiotherapy.

Today using contrast media in order to diagnose different tissues in radiology section has found a vast range of applications. Thus application of safe procedures and protocols in usage of contrast media to prevent dangerous reactions seems to be of great necessity. That is why in this study we aimed to evaluate the safety of intravenous administration of contrast media in the radiology sections of medical-educational Centers of Urmia.

This is a descriptive and cross sectional study. Data were gathered using questionnaires derived from articles and international standard guidelines such as (ESURE، RCR) in three areas including: drugs، protocols and facilities.

Results indicated that the level of compliance with safety protocols، facilities and drugs were 91. 3% and 69. 4% and 100% respectively. The average safety observance was 80. 9% totally. The results showed that there were some deficiencies in some equipment such as pulse Oximeter and ECG. Moreover، it was found that a unique protocol is not used in all surveyed sections.

Regarding the importance of this issue it is necessary to publish and implement a unique protocol for contrast media administrating and to provide all required equipment for improving patient safety process. Meanwhile a wide supervision should have been done by related authorities in or out of the organization.

Picture Archiving and Communication System (PACS) provides the possibility of electronic transfer and storage of medical images in different units of treatment and educational centers. The aim of this study was to determine the problems and obstacles related to implementation of PACS in Urmia Imam Khomeini hospital. In this descriptive study, 88 physicians, nurses, radiographers, health information managers and executive managers in Urmia Imam Khomeini hospital were assessed. The sample size was accordance to the size of population; so, the census method was used for sampling.Data collection was performed by two questionnaires. The validity and reliability of the questionnaires were confirmed by content validity and test-retest method respectively. The four areas composed of human resources, management, organizational and technological factors which evaluated with those questionnaires. The data analysis was conducted based on the descriptive analysis. Results in four areas showed that the knowledge of employees and managers with the concept of PACS was 43.1% and 83.3% respectively. The findings also indicated that the interest of employees and managers to implementing such a system were 80% and 66.7% respectively. Based on the opinions of both managers and employees, it was found that the lack of awareness of hospital executive managers was the most important obstacle in the implementation of the PACS. Considering the progress in the medical informatics domain and applications of health information systems, it is necessary that the executive managers apply such systems in hospitals.

In clinical electron beams, most of bremsstrahlung radiation is produced by various linac head structures. This bremsstrahlung radiation dose is influenced by the geometry and construction of every component of the linac treatment head structures. Thus, it can be expected that the amount of the contaminated photon dose due to bremsstrahlung radiation varies among different linacs, even for the same electron beam energy. The aims of this study were to simulate the NEPTUN 10PC linac electron beams and to calculate the photon contamination dose due to bremsstrahlung radiation in these beams using a Monte Carlo method.

A NEPTUN 10PC linac was simulated in its electron mode using the BEAMnrc code. This linac can provide three electron beam energies of 6, 8 and 10 MeV. Detailed information required for the simulation, including the geometry and materials of various components of the linac treatment head, was provided by the vender. For all simulations, the cut-off energies for electron and photon transport were set at ECUT=0.521 MeV and PCUT=0.010 MeV, respectively. The KS statistical test was used for validation of the simulated models. Then, relevant bremsstrahlung radiation doses for the three electron beam energies of the linac were calculated for the reference field using the Monte Carlo method.

The KS test showed a good agreement between the calculated values (resulting from the simulations) and the measured ones. The results showed that the amount of contaminated photon dose due to bremsstrahlung radiation from various components of the simulated linac at the surface of the phantom was between 0.2%-0.5% of the maximum dose for the three electron beam energies.

Considering the good agreement between the measured and simulated data, it can be concluded that the simulation method as well as the calculated bremsstrahlung doses have been made at a good level of accuracy and precision. The results of this study indicate that photon contamination in the NEPTUN 10PC electron beams is not significant. Therefore, it seems that this linac can be used for total skin electron irradiation.

Electron beams are widely used in radiation therapy. Since the nominal electron energy value is not quite meaningful for physics or dosimetry purposes in treatment planning, depth dose data for electron beams must be determined and used. The purpose of this study was to obtain the depth dose data for the 6 and 8 MeV electron beams of a NEPTUN 10PC linac and evaluating its beam characteristics using Monte Carlo method. The linac electron beams were modeled using the BEAMnrc code. The DOSXYZnrc code was also used for the simulation of RFA 300 water phantom. The central axis depth dose and the beam profiles were calculated for the beam energies at the 10×10 cm2 field size. The R100, Rq, R85, R50 and Rp parameters were extracted from the normalized depth-dose curves. The calculated results were compared with the experimental data, where the agreement between them was very good. Since different linacs from the same manufacturer and model usually have the same structures, it seems that it can be possible to model different linacs based on a particular one from the same manufacturer by defining their energy spectra and the beam quality indexes. In addition, using this method enables us to assess the characteristics of the electron beam at the exit of the linac and the effects of every part of the linacs head structure on the electron beams. It may also be possible to study and evaluate the final dose distribution.