نغمه لسانی

Archaeogenetics, a nascent and emerging science, is based on a combination of biology and genetics which has a high potential in discovering the untold facts about livelihood and culture of ancient times, such as modern human origins and diets evolutionary trend. This area of biology, also focus on migration and geographical distribution of humans and genetic variation in ancient DNA samples around the world in comparison to modern humans. Highly polymorphic DNA regions like STR found on the male-specific Y chromosome in nucleus and mitochondrial (mt) DNA are used in archaeogenetics to study genetic variation within a target population. mtDNA D-loop region is very polymorphic that consists of two hyper variable regions including HVI and HVII with a large variety in different human populations. Analysis on these regions of mtDNA using ancient excavated human bones will lead to determine the genetic composition of human mtDNA known as haplogroups. mtDNA can be used to identify the ancient ethnic groups, trace descendants of ancestors and their migration trails.This is achieved by comparing mtDNA haplogroups between different ethnic groups all over the world.In this study, we have performed analysis using ancient DNA extracted from 5 excavated human bones. Ancient human bones were obtained from Haft-Tepe. We performed PCR amplifications for HVI and HVII regions of the mtDNA followed by sequencing with ABI. Then comparisons The Cambridge Reference Sequence and the sequences obtained in the current study were done at NCBI site. Hoplogroup residents were R2 and R5. By tracking haplogroups from indo-Iranian , we can conclude that these haplogroups dated to 5000 B.P in Iran, and possibly originated in southwestern Iran and from the Elamite civilization.

The issue of Aryan dispersals was first recognized through the linguistic research, subsequently, both Archaeology and Anthropology were involved although compared to them it seems Linguistics had stronger basis for it. Although none of the mentioned disciplines could have ended the dispute, Population Genetics in general and Archaeogenetic in particular could clarify each discipline’ share and produce some practical results in terms of the structure of the Iranian gene pools and how much of it was under the influence of the Aryan migrants. In this research the results of the DNA extraction form the Iron Age (supposedly right after the immigration of the Aryans into the Iranian Plateau) cemetery of Ghar Teppe in southeastern of the Caspian Sea has presented. Comparisons of the Haplogroups for the Iron Age people of Gohar Teppe (H) with their predecessors and contemporary people at the region combining with review of a DNA research for the Iranian populations all indicate that although the biological impact of the so called Aryans were not very significant on the gene pool of the Iranian populations, their cultural influence (new language, ideology, myth…) was very strong. We propose here that the contemporary Iranian populations are the descendants of long-term in situ evolution since the past 40000 years ago, which were culturally mixed with the Aryan immigrants during the past two-three millenniums creating what today we call it the Iranian culture.