نورمحمد جاودانه

Considering the importance of core stability training and the high prevalence of aspirin and ankle instability and the subsequent loss of balance and postural sway, as a risk factor in the occurrence of recurrent ankle sprain, doing core stability exercises to increase balance and improve postural sway, can have a significant role in reducing re-injury. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of six weeks of core stability training on dynamic balance and postural sway men's basketball players with functional ankle instability.

male athletes with functional ankle instability basketball players participated in this study. After initial screening and identification of eligible athletes using performance questionnaire ankles, athletes into two groups (n = 12) and control (n = 12), respectively. The experimental group do of core stability training athletes for six weeks. The evaluation of dynamic balance and postural sway in both groups before and after the test was performed by test Y and the force plate.

Statistical tests showed that core stability training have significantly effect on dynamic balance and postural sway male basketball athlete's whit functional ankle instability (p≤0/05).

The addition of core stability training programs in therapeutic rehabilitation programs to ease restrictions men basketball players with functional ankle instability caused by this complication such as defects balance and postural sway, it is recommended.

Aims: The aim of this research was to investigate the timing factors of ACL agonist and antagonist muscles in athletes with ankle pronation deformity.
In the present research, 15 athletes with an increased pronation of ankle and 15 normal athletes were purposefully selected. Electromyographic signals were recorded by using surface electrode from four muscles (rectus femoris, medial hamstring, lateral hamstring, vastus medialis, vastus lateralis and Medial gastrocnemius). The MANOVA method was used as a statistical analysis to investigate muscle timing of jump-landing between the two groups.
Results showed that there is a significant difference between the two groups in muscle timing of rectus femoris (p=0/007) and vastus lateralis (p=0/002). There is also no significant difference between the muscle timing of the other muscles of the two groups (p≥0.05).
Increased pronation of the ankle along with change in muscle timing of rectus femoris and vastus lateralis muscles can be a risk factor in ACL injury incidences.

Mechanical alignment of lower limb has effect on knee joint stability of athletes. Researches show high pronation of ankle is effective in happening anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) injury. So the objective of this research is investigating knee flexion angle and Quadriceps to Hamstring Co-activation in athletes with ankle pronation deformity and healthy. In this research 15 athletes with increased pronation of ankle and 15 normal athletes selected purposeful. Electromyographic signals and knee flexion angle recorded with using surface electrode from four muscles (rectus femoris, vastuslateralis, medial hamstring and lateral hamstring)and electro goniometer respective. Statistical analysis method of T- independent was used for investigating between variables. Results showed there is significant different between two groups in knee flexion angle (P=0/034) and quadriceps to hamstring Co-activation (P=0/001). Discussion & Increased pronation of ankle with change in quadriceps to hamstring Co-activation andknee flexion angle can be a risk factor in ACL injury incidence.

Foot alignment has an effect on movements of proximal joints and bones. According to the kinematic chain theory, weakness in function of one motor segment can have an effect on other motor segments. Therefore, the purpose of this study is investigate the relation of pelvic tilt and lumbar lordosis with strength of lumbar-pelvic girdle muscles in athletes with ankle pronation deformity in standing position. In this study, 53 male with ankle pronation deformity were recruited with age of 23.2±2.27 years, height of 169±6.76 and weight of 67.2±6.47. Isometric strength of muscles by handle dynamometer, pelvic tilt by pelvic inclinometer, lumbar lordosis by flexible ruler and foot pronation by navicular drop were investigated. Data were analyzed by statistical methods of correlation between variables. There were significant relations between isometric strength of femur flexor muscles and lumbar lordosis angle (p=0.003, r=0.59) and also between pelvic tilt and lumbar lordosis angle (p=0.012, r=0.46) in participants with ankle pronation deformity. No significant relation was found between other variables of the research (p≥0.05). The positive and significant relation of femur flexor muscles strength with lumbar lordosis and also pelvic tilt with lumbar lordosis may be due to the postural compensatory strategy in persons with ankle pronation deformity. To further explore the relation between these changes in posture alignment and injury more investigations are needed.

The proper neuromuscular recruitment patterns of hip and knee muscles are essential for dynamic stabilization of the knee. According to the kinematic chain, weakness in the performance of one motor segment can affect other segments of motion. Thus, the aim of this study was to compare the isometric strength of selected muscles of lower extremities in the hyperpronated foot with the same muscles in healthy male athletes. The present study is descriptive and correlational. Forty male athletes in two groups of hyperpronated foot and healthy male athletes (20 in each group) participated in this study. Pronated foot was examined by navicular drop and isometric strength of selected muscles in lower extremities was examined by Manual Muscle Test system (MMT). Then, the ratio of isometric strength of each muscle to body weight was compared between two groups. Data were analyzed by SPSS software, version 20 and the independent t test was used to compare the variables between the two groups. The results showed that isometric strength of muscles, hip abductors (P =. 002), external rotators of hip (P =. 007), and quadriceps muscles (P =. 031) have decreased significantly in the the group of hyperpronated foot. The hyperpronated foot changes the muscle strength of lower extremity. These changes may be due to neuromuscular compensation because of the changes in the medial longitudinal arch. More research is needed to determine whether these changes in muscle strength are related to lower extremity injury.