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Guava (Psidium guajava L.), is adapted to an extensive range of soils, however, its development is strongly affected by salinity. Environmental stresses are of the major and influential factors in the amount of secondary metabolites, especially phenolic compounds present in plants. The purpose of this investigation was to study the leaf antioxidant and flavonoid contents (catechin, quercetin and rutin) of guava seedlings grown under normal growth conditions or exposed to 100 mM salinity through irrigation water. Leaf samples collected 12 weeks after salinity stress treatment and total phenol, antioxidant capacity, malondialdehyde, catalase, peroxidase and protease activities and high performance liquid chromatography were examined.  According to the results, salinity enhanced the amount of total phenol from 15.31 mgg-1 GA (control) to 32.12 mgg-1 GA. The MDA value improved in guava leaves from 0.42 mg g-1FW under non-stress conditions to 0.76 mgg1 FW under salinity. The most catalase (182.11 μmol min-1g-1FW), protease (9.70 μmol min-1g-1 FW) and peroxidase (19.99 μmol min-1g-1 FW) activities were observed in salt exposed plants. The antioxidant capacity of leaf extract was 62.90% in control plants, which enhanced to 77.46% after salt treatment. The most abundant flavonoid composition of leaf extract was rutin (770 μg mg-1DW) in the control treatment and catechin (1110 μg mg-1DW) in salt exposed plants. We concluded salinity stress, in addition to a noticeable increase in the activities of catalase, peroxidase and protease enzymes; enhanced phenol, catechin and quercetin contents.

Inroduction &

Pancreatic Islets are endocrine part of the pancreas responsible for several hormone secretions, which regulates blood glucose and involves in metabolism of energy. Islet β cell responsible for secretion of insulin in response to glucose changes. The first step of this process includes glucose entry into the cell using GluT2 transporter followed by glucose phosphorylation by glucokinase as an intra cellular glucose sensor. Therefore, the aim of this study was the analysis of GluT2 and glucokinase gene expression in pancreatic islets in comparison with whole pancreas tissue.

This study was performed on a pancreatic tissue received from a brain death person. Islets were purified from a total pancreas. To investigate the successful isolation of the islets, the gene expression of Ptf1a, as a marker of the exocrine part of the pancreas, was investigated.Then, gene expression of GluT2 and glucokinase was investigated in both islets and total pancreatic tissue.

The lack of expression of the Ptf1a in the pancreatic islets indicates successful separation and high purity of isolated islets. Moreover, GluT2 and glucokinase genes were highly expressed in pancreatic islets. Furthermore, statistical analysis revealed that gene expression of GluT2 and glucokinase was significantly higher in pancreatic islets than in complete tissue.

The results indicate the high expression and importance of GluT2 and glucokinase genes in the endocrine part of the pancreas as a glucose transporter and sensor, respectively in the process of glucose-stimulated insulin-secretion. In addition, the method used in this study is very efficient for purification of islets from pancreatic tissue.

Osteoarthritis (OA) recognized, as degenerative arthritis. Synthetic drugs available to treat the OA have, the dangerous side effects and low efficacy. Therefore, using of herbal medicines is an important component of alternative and complementary medicine, Mesenchymal stem cells have a special site in the treatment of diseases. drugs.Psidium guajava Leaves used as antioxidant, anti-inflammatory antinociceptive and analgesic. The goals of scientific research of this study were to the evaluate the regeneration articular cartilage effect of injection of the hydroalcoholic extract of leave of Psidium Guajava with Stem Cell into the knee joints of rats.
Firstly, ninety male rats were choosen, and collagenase type II was prepared for an intra-articular knee injection, for them to induce OA in the animal models. Then, they were divided into nine treatment groups. (N = 10): (a) Sham, (b) Control, (c) injection of hyaluronic Acid intra-articular, (d) Injections of Stem Cell intra-articular, (e) Injections of PRP, (f): Injections of the extract Psidium guajava leaves (g) Injections of the extract Psidium guajava leave with PRP, (h) Injections of the extract Psidium guajava leaves with Stem Cell (i) Injections of the extract Psidium guajava leaves with Stem Cell and PRP. After 5 months, the results were assessments by a Radiologist and Histopathologist.
Radiological and histopathological findings were in which the improvement of the articular cartilage was better in the leaves with Stem Cell and PRP compared with the control group(P It seems that Psidium guajava leaves can be suggested as an effective complementary and alternative treatment for OA of the knee. Because it has a lot of polyphenol compounds.

Aim:In the study, the effects of Bacillus thuringiensis parasporin were examined on mice cancer cell line (4T1).
Material and Purification of crystal toxins was done from the isolates of B. thuringiensis. Breast cancer cells line 4T1 were treated with activated toxins. Cytopathic effects were photographed. Crystal toxin with the most cytotoxicity was identified by using SDS-PAGE and also molecular method.
From forty seven tested isolates of B. thuringiensis, E8 isolate shown the most cytotoxicity effect on 4T1 cell line. In addition, parasporin-4 was identified by using SDS-PAGE and PCR methods. Parasporin-4 disintegrated 4T1 cell line and it has cytolysin effects.
Our data suggest that, parasporin is cytolysin protein and has a specific site on the cell surface. This crystal protein can induce apoptosis in breast cancer cell line.

Type1 diabetes is characterized by autoimmune destruction of pancreatic β cells, leading to reduced insulin secretion. Differentiation of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) into β-like cells offers new ways of diabetes treatment. MSCs can be insulated from the human umbilical cord tissue and differentiate into insulin-producing cells.
Material & Human umbilical cord–derived stem cells (hUDSCs) were attained after birth, selected by plastic adhesion, and considered by flow cytometric analysis. For the differentiation induction, miR-375 was lentivirally over expressed in hUDSCs.
Meaningful that microRNAs (miRNAs) are the key players in several stages of pancreatic Differentiation, we have presented a novel and cost-effective strategy in which the over-expression of miR-375 promotes the pancreatic differentiation in hUDSCs in the absence of any other stimulator. The major expressions of PDX1 and insulin were identified by quantitative Reverse Transcription Polymerase Chain Reaction (RT-PCR) (P In conclusion, the Morphological assessment and the expression analysis of islet marker genes demonstrated that hUDSCs are able to differentiate into insulin-producing cells by transduction with lentiviral vector miR-375

Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is the spectrum of NAFLD ranges from simple steatosis to hepatocellular carcinoma. Genetic factors play an important role in developing the disease. Single nucleotide polymorphism (C> G) rs738409 of PNPLA3 gene increase liver fat content and metabolic disorders associated with liver damage. In this study, the relationship between this gene polymorphism with NAFLD and demographic and clinical characteristics were evaluated in the south Iranian population.
In this case-control study, 95 patients and 183 control subjects were studied. Blood samples from a cohort of Kavar were collected and normal blood donors from Shiraz blood transfusion center. The polymorphism genotypes were determined by PCR-RFLP.
Our results showed that there is significant association in genotype and sex parameter between patients and control subject (P-value(CG)=0.01, (SEX) In the present study, G allele wasn’t a risk allele and CG genotype Carriers had a 2.63-fold (95% CI, 1.16 to 5.98, p-value = 0.01) increased risk of NAFLD. Age were identified as a risk factor for NAFLD in this study and by adjusting the variable age and three genotypes, it showed that by considering the age factor, the genotype didnt have a role in disease development. Also the no association between genotypes with demographic and clinical parameters was identified.

Hemangiopericytoma is an uncommon vascular tumor derived from the pericytes of Zimmermann. . The most common location of the tumor is pelvic retroperitoneum and musculoskeletal system of the lower extremities. It is rarely seen in the head and neck area. In addition, only 0.8% to 3% of all orbital tumors and less than 5 % of primary sinonasal tumors are primary hemangiopericytoma, which demonstrates that the orbital and sinonasal cavities are rare locations for this tumor.
Case: 2 cases of primary orbital and sinonasal hemangiopericytoma that were successfully treated through surgery were reported.
Hemangiopericytoma is an uncommon vascular tumor which has a potentially malignant behavior. Histopathologic features alone do not predict the biologic behavior of the tumor but the increased cellularity, necrosis, hemorrhage and more than 4 mitotic figures per 10 high power field, may elicit a diagnosis of malignant hemangiopericytoma . The local recurrence and the distant metastasis might also occur with an incomplete excision. The lung, bone and liver are the most common sites of distant metastasis. Thus, the long-term follow-up is recommended after the surgical removal of the tumor.

Molluscum contagiosum is a benign viral infection of the skin in the genital area of adult patients and children’s faces, arms, legs, and trunk. It is spread by direct contact. Lesions are small, flesh-colored, and umbilicated with central cores containing white keratinous material. It is rarely observed in palmar and plantar areas.Case: We present a case of Molluscum contagiosum in the plantar area of a 30-year-old lady as small, painless,nonpruritic and umbilicated papules in the right. By squeezing lesions cheesy materials were pushed out. The diagnosis was made by excisional biopsy. The patient became asymptomatic by surgical excision and cutherizations. Despite the previous opinion that Molluscum contagiosum is based on the synthesis of new hair follicles and only seen in hairy body, it is in fact a viral infection that can affect the whole surface of the body including palmar and plantar area.

Diabetes is a major chronic metabolic disease in the world. Islet transplantation is a way to treat diabetes. Unfortunately، this method is restricted due to graft rejection and lack of donor islets. Mesenchymal Stem Cells (MSCS) have the ability to differentiate into Insulin-Producing Cells (IPCs). In this study، Human Umbilical Mesenchymal Stem Cells (HUMSCS) were induced to differentiate into pancreatic β-like cells. The samples were collected after cesarean section delivery at Hafez hospital. HUMSCS were cultured in sterile condition، in three steps for 20 days in DMEM-F12، Retinoic Acid (RA)، Epidermal Growth Factor (EGF)، exendin-4، Fetal Bovine Serum (FBS)، and antibiotic. Then، they were differentiated into IPC. DTZ staining employed for determining the presence of insulin and Reveres Transcription- Polymerase Chain Reaction (RT-PCR) was done for identifying of gene expression including insulin، PDX1، and NGN3. The Insulin concentration was also evaluated by Immunoradiometric assay. HUMSCS gradually changed from fibroblast-shaped cells to epithelial-like cells and eventually to IPC under special conditions. RT-PCR experiments revealed that these cells expressed insulin، PDX1، and NGN3 genes. The cells became red color when stained with DTZ and the insulin secretion was confirmed. HUMSCS have the ability to differentiate into islet-like cells in vitro and may be a new potential source for cell transplantation in diabetes treatment.

Lipoma (a benign tumor composed of adipose tissue) is the most common benign mesenchymal tumors in soft tissue but it is very rare in the parotid gland. Case: We reported a 54 years old man with parotid gland lipoma. Parotid gland lipoma usually originates from the superficial lobe. Superficial parotidectomy has been considered as the choice method of the treatment. lipoma، as a prevalent tumor of the soft tissue، is rarely seen in salivary glands.

The incidence of diabetes in liver transplant recipients is one of the common problems among these patients witha negative effect on the success of the transplant and the patient's life. Post Transplant Diabetes Mellitus (PTDM) has many similarities with type 2 diabetes from pathophysiplogical, clinical, and genetic viewpoints... One of the genotypes involved in PTDM is KCNJ11 (rs 5219) that has role in beta-cell function and has regulator effect on ATP sensitive K channels. The purpose of this study is to review the relation between this polymorphism and diabetes after liver transplantation in an Iranian population. This is a case-control study on 120 patients receiving liver transplant, including 60 patients with PTDM and 60 patients without PTDM. White blood cell samples were selected from the cell bank of organ transplantation research centre in Namazi Hospital from patients who had undergone liver transplantation during the years 2008 and2012. Frequency of genotypes in this population was determined by PCR-RFLP method. To express the results we used distribution indices and parametric statistical tests. Statistical analysis shows that there is a significant difference between the genotype and the allele frequencies of the two groups of case and control.. KK genotype (P=0.001; 95%CI (1.60-7.6); OR=1.19 increases the risk of PTDM. Our study shows that there is a relation between the incidence of PTDM and sex, age, prednisolone dosage, KCNJ11 polymorphism, and KK genotype.

Backgrond& The ability of mesenchymalstem cells (MSCs) differentiation into many cell types، as well as their ex vivo expansion potential، makes them as an attractive therapeutic tool for cell transplantation and tissue engineering. This project was designed to improve isolation culture and characterization of human amniotic membran-derivedMSSCS and human warton، s jelly- derived MSCs. The amniotic membrane and warton، s jelly fragments were cultured as explants in the culture plates. After fourth passage، a population of homogenous cells was isolated from human amniotic membrane and warton ''sjelly. The phenotype identification of adherent cell was performed by flowcytometric analysis. The in vitro differentiation of MSSCS into osteoblast and adipocytes was also achieved. Resalts: The differentiation of osteoblasts was determined by deposition of a mineralized extracellular matrix in the culture plates that detected with Alizarin Red. A dipocyts were easily identified by their morphology and staining with Oil Red. AM-HMSSCS and the UC-HMSSCS both showed thanCD105، CD44positiveexpression and thanCD34، CD133 negative expression. In addition، the differentiation of specific staining، indicative of mesenchymal stem cells differentiating into precursor cells of bone precursor cells of adipose tissue. It seems that both samples are similar and suitable for cell therapy.

Prevention of arthrofibrosis by different drugs and surgical techniques is an essential issue in modern orthopaedics. This study investigated the effect of bevacizumab on intra-articular fibrosis in a rabbit animal model. Arthrofibrosis was induced in right stifle joint of thirty male white rabbits by removing the cortical bone of femoral condyle in medial gutter under general anesthesia. The rabbits were randomly divided into three equal groups. The control group received intra-articular injection of saline; the «one-injection» group received a single dose of bevacizumab (2. 5 mg/kg)، and the «two-injection» group received two intra-articular injections on the day of operation and 14 days later. Forty five days after the surgery، the animals were sacrificed. The severity of fibrosis was assessed by range of motion of the stifles، macroscopic adhesion score، and histopathologic variables. Although no statistical difference was seen between the control group and the «one-injection» group in terms of range of motion and macroscopic evaluation، the histopathologic variables in prevention of arthrofibrosis، except for the granulation tissue، were significantly better in the «one-injection» group. The «two-injection» group in comparison to the «one-injection» group was better not only in range of motion evaluation (p=. 001) and visual adhesion score (p=. 012)، but also in most of the histopathologic variables، except for the cell count and granulation tissue. Two injections of bevacizumab for prevention of arthrofibrosis resulted in better outcome than single injection.

Parasporin is a parasporal protein of Bacillus thuringiensis and exhibits special cytocidal activity against human cancer cells. Similar to other insecticidal Bacillus thuringiensis crystal toxins, parasporin shows target specificity and damages the cellular membrane. In this study, different strains of Bacillus thuringiensis isolated from various regions of Iran and their cytocidal activity against CCRF-CEM cell line and human erythrocyte were investigated. Fifty soil samples were collected from different Iranian provinces, and characterization was performed based on protein crystal morphology by phase-contrast microscope and variations of Cry protein toxin using SDS-PAGE. After parasporin was processed with proteinase K, the active form was produced and protein activity on the cell line was evaluated. Parasporal inclusion proteins showed different cytotoxicity against acute lymphoblastic leukemia cells (ALL), but not against normal lymphocyte. Isolated parasporin demonstrated no hemolytic activity against human erythrocyte. It appears that these proteins have the ability to differentiate between normal lymphocytes and leukemia cells and have specific receptors on specific cancer cell lines. Our results provide evidence that the parasporin-producing organism is a common member in Bacillus thuringiensis populations occurring in the natural environments of Iran.

Brain death leads to increased activity of cytokine, which can lead to renal graft dysfunction in the recipient. This study aims at reviewing the cytokine levels in brain death donors and living ones and their relationship to early renal graft function in recipients. This case-control study was conducted on 104 patients who had received kidney transplant, from brain death and living doners. Serum levels of cytokines IL2 (Interleukine2), IL6 (Interleukine 6), TNFα (Tumor necrotizing factor α) in the donors before transplantation and serum creatinine levels and urine output after operation in the recipients were measured. Of all the patients, 63 cases (60.6%) received kidney from brain death donors (group 1) and the rest from the living donors (group 2). The urine output and creatinine changes in the two groups were similar over time; no significant differences were found. There were high levels of IL2, IL6, and TNFα in brain death donors before transplantation and a statistically significant difference was observed between brain death and living donors. IL6 levels before transplantation was higher in those who donated kidney to the group suffering from acute rejection and there was a significant difference between the groups not undergoing rejection. Based on the results, there are high levels of cytokines in brain death donors before transplantation. Among them, the serum level of IL6 is associated with an increase in acute rejection in kidney transplantation.

To explore any association between human papilloma virus (HPV) infection and ocular surface squamous neoplasia. Forty pathological specimens including 20 cases of conjunctival intra-epithelial neoplasia grade I (CIN I) and 20 cases of CIN III and invasive squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) together with 20 pterygium samples (controls) were analyzed by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) to find any evidence of HPV infection. The examinations were performed on cut sections of paraffin embedded tissue blocks from our laboratory archive. Mean age of patients at the time of sampling was 568 (range, 30-86) years in the CIN I group; 61.79 (range, 43-82) years in the CIN III and SCC group and 41.510 (range, 24-67) years in the pterygium group. All specimens were negative for HPV. No association was found between HPV infection and ocular surface neoplasia in our series.

Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) is a bacterium best known for its production of crystal-like bodies comprised of one or more crystal proteins in sporulation phase, which can be toxic to insects, nematodes and cancer cells. The purpose of this study is isolation, characterization and comparison of Cry proteins in the isolated strains obtained in different parts of Fars province. 25 soil samples were collected from six different habitats in Fars province using seven different methods. Characterization was performed based on biochemical tests, protein crystal morphology by phase-contrast microscope and variation of cry protein toxin using SDS-PAGE. The tests showed a highest count of Bt strains in soil samples obtained from Shiraz city. The Bt colonies were classified according to biochemical tests such as: sucrose and salicin fermentation, lecithinase production and esculin hydrolyzing. Results showed that although isolated strains have a variety of protein bands with different sizes, the proteins with 34KD was observed following proteinase K digestion in all the samples.

ntroduction: Nasal polyposis is an inflammatory condition of unknown etiology. Recently concerns regarding gastroesophageal reflux or helicobacter pylori as a possible pathologic cause of nasal polyps have been increasing. The present study was planned to investigate the presence of helicobacter pylori in nasal polyps. This case-control study was undertaken enrolling 37 patients with nasal polyps who had undergone nasal endoscopic sinus surgery and 38 control subjects. Biopsy specimens of nasal polyps and inferior turbinates were assessed by rapid urease test. Blood samples of both study and control subjects were evaluated for anti H.pylori IgG by ELISA. H. pylori status was regarded positive, if both tests were positive. Seropositivity was more common in the patients with nasal polyps (66.2%) than control subjects (36.8%) (P<0.001). Rapid urease test was positive in 9 patients with nasal polyps, but was not positive in control group (P<0.01). Only 3 patients with nasal polyps were positive for both rapid urease test and ELISA. Polypoid tissue can be colonized by some bacteria with urease activity other than helicobacter pylori, causing false positive results in rapid urease test. So, other diagnostic tests with more sensitivity and specificity are recommended.