فهرست مطالب نیره غلامی

The negative effects of having a child with special needs is accompanied by a lot of tension and causes a lot of psychological damage to the family, especially the mother as the main caregiver. Therefore, this study was conducted with the aim of evaluating the effectiveness of cognitive-behavioral therapy and existential therapy in a group manner on the psychological functioning of mothers with exceptional children.

It was a semi-experimental research and its design was pre-test-post-test and 3-month follow-up with a control group. The statistical population included all mothers with exceptional children in the elementary school of Qarchak city of Tehran. 36 people were selected with the purposeful sampling method and replaced by randomization in three groups of 12 people. Therapeutic interventions were applied during 8 sessions (one session of 60 minutes per week) for the experimental groups, but the control group did not receive any intervention. Demographic information checklist and general health questionnaire (Goldberg & Putnam, 1972) were used to collect data. Data analysis with descriptive statistics, test of parametric statistical assumptions and analysis of variance with repeated measurements were used with the help of SPSS version 24 statistical software.

The results showed that the psychological function, physical symptoms, mood problems, anxiety and insomnia and social skills of the experimental groups have significantly improved compared to the control group and this improvement It remained stable in the follow-up phase (P<0.05). Also, the results showed that there is no significant difference between the usefulness of the two intervention methods, existentialism and cognitive-behavioral methods, in the post-test and follow-up stages (P<0.05)Conclusion, The findings show that these intervention methods can be used to improve the social-emotional condition of mothers with exceptional children as effective intervention methods

Life is possible for human beings through interaction and communication, and the main source of communication for human beings are parents. The aim of this study was to compare the effectiveness of "Cognitive-Behavioral Group Therapy" and "Existential Group Therapy" on mother-child relationships of mothers of exceptional children.

The method of the present study was quasi-experimental and pre-test-post-test design with control and follow-up groups. The statistical population of the study included all mothers with exceptional children in Qarchak city in Tehran province who had a primary school child aged 6 to 12 years, which according to statistics was 150 people. Data collection instruments were demographic questionnaire and "Mother-Child Relationship Evaluation". Content validity was measured by qualitative method and reliability by internal consistency method by calculating Cronbachchr('39')s alpha coefficient. The pre-test was performed on 150 "mother-child relationship evaluation". Among 58 mothers who had communication problems (meaning a score less than 140 out of 240), 36 were randomly selected and in 3 groups, 12 were randomly selected. Communication problem meant a score less than 140 out of 240 of the total score of the questionnaire. The intervention groups were treated in 8 sessions of 90 minutes by ""Cognitive-Behavioral Group Therapy"" " and "Existential Group Therapy". All three groups completed the "mother-child relationship assessment" as a pretest, posttest, and one-month follow-up. Data were analyzed using SPSS. 24.

There is a difference between mother-child relationship in "Cognitive-Behavioral Group Therapy”  and "Existential Group Therapy” and control. The results of pairwise comparison showed that the difference in scores between "Cognitive-Behavioral Group Therapy” on mother-child relationship and the control group was significant. In addition, this difference in the score of "Existential Group Therapy” and the control group was also significant (P ≥ 0.01). But there was no significant difference between the scores in "Cognitive-Behavioral Group Therapy” and "Existential Group Therapy". Intra-group comparison also showed the stability of the results over time.

"Cognitive-Behavioral Group Therapy" and "Existential Group Therapy" can improve mother-child relationships in mothers of exceptional children. Therefore, counselors and therapists can use this method to improve mother-child relationships.

Due to the remarkable advantage for customers, today, trusting store chains and authentic brands are of considerable significance. Moreover, identifying the customer desired factors to choose appropriate store chains and develop their own marketing programs and strategies while managing chain stores is of utmost importance. Therefore, the current study investigated the factors affecting customer persuasion toward choosing chain stores. To this end, the effect of new brand components in promoting brand performance have been considered from customer’s perspective. The current research was applied in terms of purpose and it was correlation descriptive in terms of data collection. The statistical population of the study included 384 samples based Cochran formula using convenient sampling strategy. The results of the study indicated that brand signature and brand awareness affected brand attitude. Moreover, brand attitude and brand awareness affected on brand reputation. On the other hand, the effect of brand reputation and the mediating role of perceived quality of the brand on brand performance, was confirmed. In addition, among seven hypotheses of the study, all relations between variables were confirmed except the relationship between brand signature and brand awareness. Considering the innovation in investigating the relationships between brand signature and attitude and awareness of consumers toward it, the results of this study presented a comprehensive view of the concept of desirability of brand signature as a distinct massage which was the sign of reliability of product qualities and services as well as its resulting consequences. It is expected that it affects the improvement of customers` comprehension while creating awareness by reputation and lead to desired attitude and increase brand performance of the stores.