نیما نوری

Since, based on previous findings, orthographic depth affects the nature of cognitive mechanisms, different patterns can be expected depending on the degrees of transparency or opacity of the orthographic systems of languages. The main purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship between rapid automatized naming, phonological awareness, and phonological working memory with reading speed and reading accuracy in Persian. The participants included 75 healthy and normal monolingual Persian-speaking children (mean age 121.6 months) studying in Grades 3-5 in Zahedan elementary schools. From each grade, 25 children were selected by purposive sampling. All children belonged to the middle and upper social classes. 9 subtests were administered to the children to measure the variables of IQ, reading speed, reading accuracy, phonological working memory, phonological awareness and rapid automatized naming. The results indicated that there is a strong and significant relationship between rapid automatized naming and reading speed. The relationship between this variable and reading accuracy was moderate and significant. Phonological awareness had a relatively strong and significant relationship with reading speed and reading accuracy. Phonological working memory had a significant and moderate relationship with reading speed. It did not have a significant relationship with the reading accuracy. Regarding the relationship between these cognitive predictors and reading in Persian, it can be inferred that it is very similar to the relationship between these variables and reading, which has been reported in inconsistent orthographies like English and Hebrew. The results indicate that the cognitive predictors are significantly affected by the orthographic transparency.

Cu2ZnSnS4 (CZTS), a quaternary material, has attracted the attention of many solar cell researchers due to its non-toxic constituents as well as their abundance on Earth. In this paper, the optical and electrical properties of the pure structure doped with the elements of the fifth group of the periodic table were investigated using the density functional theory and GGA approximation. Comparison of density of states for electrons in addition to band structures in both pure, nitrogen-doped, and phosphorus-doped bulk revealed a reduction in the direct band gap of the structure. The study of the obtained optical properties indicated the absorption coefficient increased from for the pure structure to and , respectively, for the replacement of nitrogen and phosphorus with sulfur atoms considering photons with lower energy. Substitution of arsenic, antimony and bismuth atoms instead of tin atoms, which has the lowest formation energy, causes an impurity level in the band gap due to the deganarated states. As a result, by increasing the number of electron transfer states from the valence to the conduction band, the absorption coefficient is increased to an average of for photons with lower energy in the pure structure. Consequently, reducing the gap in some cases, as well as increasing the absorption coefficient for low-energy photons after the addition of impurities, improves the performance of the CZTS plant as an adsorbent layer in solar cells.

Mobile Edge computing is a new paradigm that allows users to combat the constraints of mobile devices For overcoming the long delay of cloud computing which decreases the quality of service, the users send their data to the server which is located at the edge of the network instead of sending a part of the program to a cloud server which is located in place far from the users. In this paper, a system which consists of a cell and several users is considered in which the network users to accomplish their computations request service from cloud and edge servers that are participating with each other. It is assumed that the users access the radio spectrum by a Non-orthogonal Multiple Access (NOMA) method and the queue theory is used for modeling the problem from the users and server sides. The main goal is to minimize the total users' energy consumption, the delay in users' receiving service, and the whole cost of using servers. The mathematical model of this problem would result in a multi-objective constraint non-convex optimization problem. SCA method is used to achieve the globally optimum solution. Through the simulation results, it is shown that by the applied assumptions in the proposed model, the amount of energy, delay and total cost of network is decreased around 50%.

I n t h i s p a p e r, t h e v i b r a t i o n o f a n a n n u l a r d i s k w i t h a l i n e a r l y v a r y i n g c r o s s-s e c t i o n i s a n a l y z e d b y m e a n s o f B e s s e l's f u n c t i o n s a n d a n e q u i v a l e n t e l e c t r o-m e c h a n i c a l c i r c u i t m e t h o d. B y u s i n g t h e e q u i v a l e n t e l e c t r i c a l e q u a t i o n s, n a t u r a l f r e q u e n c i e s a n d m a g n i f i c a t i o n f a c t o r s a r e o b t a i n e d.T h i s i s d o n e b y w r i t i n g t h e e q u a t i o n s o f m o t i o n f o r t h e d i s k v i b r a t i o n a n d r e w r i t i n g t h e e q u a t i o n t o m a k e i t s i m i l a r t o a t h r e e c o m p o n e n t K i r c h h o f f c i r c u i t.T h e m e t h o d c a n b e u s e d t o o b t a i n t h e r e s o n a n c e f r e q u e n c y o f a n u l t r a s o n i c t r a n s d u c e r a s w e l l a s t h e r e s o n a n c e f r e q u e n c y o f a c i r c u i t. I n t h i s m e t h o d, t h e v i b r a t i o n o f a n a n n u l a r d i s k i s i n v e s t i g a t e d s e p a r a t e l y i n r a d i a l a n d t o r s i o n a l c o m p o n e n t s.T h e r e s u l t s o f t h e m e t h o d w e r e f i r s t v e r i f i e d f o r t h e c y l i n d r i c a l d i s k s w i t h u n i f o r m t h i c k n e s s a n d p r o v e d t o b e c o m p a t i b l e w i t h t h e p r e v i o u s l y d e v e l o p e d m e t h o d s f o r e x t r a c t i n g n a t u r a l f r e q u e n c i e s o f s u c h s h a p e s. T h e n, t h e e f f e c t s o f v a r i a t i o n s o f g e o m e t r i c a l p a r a m e t e r s, n a m e l y; t h e r a t i o o f t h e o u t e r r a d i u s o v e r t h e i n n e r r a d i u s a n d t h e r e l a t i o n b e t w e e n t h e a n g u l a r a n d r a d i a l d i s p l a c e m e n t a m p l i t u d e m a g n i f i c a t i o n o n t h e n a t u r a l f r e q u e n c i e s, a r e s t u d i e d. T h e r e s u l t s s h o w t h a t b y f i x i n g t h e i n n e r r a d i u s, t h e t o r s i o n a l a n d r a d i a l r e s o n a n c e f r e q u e n c i e s a r e d e c r e a s e d a s t h e o u t e r r a d i u s i s i n c r e a s e d. A l t h o u g h t h e i n n e r r a d i u s a f f e c t s t h e n a t u r a l f r e q u e n c i e s, i t i s o b s e r v e d t h a t t h e p r i m a r y f a c t o r i s t h e o u t e r r a d i u s. T h e r e l a t i o n s h i p b e t w e e n t h e m a g n i f i c a t i o n s a n d t h e g e o m e t r i c a l r a d i u s r a t i o i s a l s o a n a l y z e d, w h i c h s h o w s a w e a k r e l a t i o n s h i p b e t w e e n t h e m. C o r r e s p o n d i n g l y, t h e f i n i t e e l e m e n t m e t h o d i s u s e d t o a n a l y z e t h e m o d a l s h a p e s b y A N S Y S s o f t w a r e. I t i s s h o w n t h a t t h e f r e q u e n c y v a l u e s c a l c u l a t e d b y a p p l y i n g t h e p r e s e n t e d t h e o r y a r e i n g o o d a g r e e m e n t w i t h t h e s i m u l a t i o n r e s u l t s b y A N S Y S. T h e m e t h o d i s a l s o c a p a b l e o f p r o v i d i n g b e n c h m a r k v a l u e s f o r r e s e a r c h e r s t o v a l i d a t e o t h e r v a r i a b l e t h i c k n e s s a n n u l a r p l a t e s. T h e d r a w b a c k o f t h i s a n a l y s i s i s t h a t i t a s s u m e s a v e r y t h i n a n n u l a r d i s k. F o r t h i c k d i s k s, t h e v i b r a t i o n s a r e c o m p l e x a n d t h e m e t h o d o f t h i s p a p e r i s n o t a p p l i c a b l e.