نیما نیلفروشان

The lack of attention to the stock market and the increase in fluctuations in this market will undermine the movement of the financial system of the countries, and will negatively affect various methods such as the effect of wealth and investment on performance and economic growth. Therefore, paying attention to stock market fluctuation and controlling these fluctuations is especially important for creating financial flows between different sectors of the economy. Therefore, in this research, in order to investigate the monetary policy response to stock market fluctuations with a focus on the effect of wealth, a dynamic stochastic general equilibrium model in open economy conditions is designed to fit the structure of Iran's economy. The parameters of the proposed model are estimated by using the Bayesian method and using quarterly data during the period of 1991-2015. The results of model simulation indicate that due to the occurrence of a shock to the monetary and stock the stock index is diverted from its fundamental level and the central bank, in order to prevent fluctuations in the stock market, decreases the monetary base growth. Also, the interest rate shock causes stock index, consumption, total output, and imports to drop. Reducing the interest rate by the central bank will cause the stock index to return to equilibrium level after 10 periods.

In recent decades, how to determine the best supplier as a strategic factor in the supply chain is considered. If the parameters such as the development of sustainable (green) will also continue to be important for selection will not be easy. Today, no company can ignore the supply chain management and is expected to survive.
In this paper to identify the most important criteria in the process of strategic decision-making based on green supply chain management to select the suppliers to buy paint for the implementation of different parts of the Isfahan Municipality has been lining.
In this study, using decision criteria used to rank priority TOPSIS production companies were highlighted. Preparing a questionnaire and an interview with The ranking has been done. The results showed that due to the fact that different perspectives in understanding the issues of sustainable development and environmental factors exist between employers and the adoption of green supply chain management with the benefits of inter-organizational and is so much buy based on the parameters of price and stress management can be a macro environmental strategy is effective it tends to be.

During the last few decades, the study of the effect of non-economic variables in the economy has become a prominent subject matter for the researchers. One of the most important issue in these cases are the effects of elections (as a political phenomenon) on the economic variables, which in the economic literature is referred to as the political cycle. Thus, in this study, by using panel data for 29 selected countries (in two groups including the developed and developing countries) during the period 1994-2011, we attempt to evaluate the effects of political cycles (indicators include: the year of the election, the minority government, coalitions, government ideology) on the unemployment growth rate. To investigate this, generalized least square (GLS) and generalized method of moments (GMM) techniques have been used. Based on the results, candidates of each country irrespective of their ideology (left wing or right wing) try to gain a greater number of people's vote by increasing
job opportunities, reducing unemployment and promoting the business environment. Furthermore, the variables of the minority government and coalitions have significant influence (respectively positive and negative effect) on the growth of unemployment rate in developing countrie (unlike the cases of the developed countries).

This study uses panel data to investigate whether components of governance significantly affect the unemployment growth in both developed and developing countries over the 1996-2010 periods or not? Therefore، in order to test the research hypotheses، after doing the static test of variables، the generalized method of moment (GMM) employed to estimate the model. The results show a statistically significant negative effect of the governance (Except transparency، accountability and the quality of regulatory rules in developing countries) on unemployment growth in both developed and developing Countries. These findings indicate that improving each of the components of governance could cause positive changes in reducing unemployment in both selected developed and developing countries

Parties and candidates in the election campaign try to raise the community to vote for them by offering a variety of social policies. However, the public health expenditures have been raised among the candidates as one of the most important tools to attract votes. Thus, this study uses panel data to investigate whether the components of electoral cycle have affected the growth of public health expenditures in both developed and developing countries over the period of 1994-2010. Using the related tests, two methods of static panel (random effects) and dynamic panel estimation were selected. According to the results, the presence of electoral cycles could not be rejected in both types of countries. Based on these results, politicians in every country increase the public health expenditures before the election in hopes of gaining a greater share of people's votes.

In the present era، innovation as a necessity for sustainable economic growth and development، improvement of living standards and economic prosperity of people has been considered by economic experts. On the other hand، the development of innovation in each country requires a capital formation to secure the necessary financing. All countries، developing one’s in particular، can through flow of foreign direct investments attract financial resources and transfer of technology to create a platform for innovation to grow and thrive. Therefore considering the important role of innovation and foreign direct investment in increasing the competitive strength، this study investigates the relationship between foreign direct investments and innovative visions in Iran’s economy compared to Visions Countries during the periodbetween 1995 and 2008. The results of experimental studies indicate the existence of a twoway relationship between foreign direct investment and innovation in these countries. Amongst these countries: Turkey، Iran and Saudi Arabia have been most successful in attracting foreign direct investment and in the development of innovative components، while Yemen and Tajikistan have shown the weakest performance. Moreover، based on the results، the status of the Visions Countries in terms of innovation and direct investment indicators is not satisfactory compared to the rest of the world. This may be attributed to problems of absorption capacity، inconsistencies between macro-economic policies and education and research policies.