فهرست مطالب هاجر کریمیان

one of the most important programs and strategies of addiction prevention is teaching thoughts and life skills at school. Therefore, the purpose of this study is content analysis of the book thought and lifestyle according to the attention for addiction prevention components based on objectives of comprehensive documentary of addiction prevention. the method used for content analysis is Shannon entropy method and analysis unit included texts, questions and images. Statistical society included the books of thought and life style of first grade of high school and statistic sample was the book thought and life style, common for males and females of 7th and 8th grade. results of the study indicated the material teaching component was disregarded in the content of the book thought and life style of seventh grade, while material teaching was highly mentioned and the self-expression and courage skills was less mentioned in the content of the book for 8th grade. inclusion of the discussions about addiction prevention and life skills such as self-expression and courage, and combination of material teaching in school books can be important in many ways.

this study focuses on viewpoint of instructors about addiction prevention elements in the content of the thinking and life style book of seventh grade in academic year 2013-14.
this study is a descriptive survey with sample of 74 instructors of seventh grade, selected by proportional stratified random method. The study tool is author designed inventory to review perceptions and expectations of instructors in seven elements. Selected data were analyzed using single sample t-test, dependent t-test, and Freedman test.
Findings: according to the results, instructors believe in the content of thinking and life style book of seventh grade emotions and stress management is most and education about Drugs is less emphasized. Results of Freedman test also show the emotions and stress management has the highest and education about Drugs the lowest average score. Results of t dependent test, however, show a difference between perceptions and expectations of instructors in addiction prevention elements, and they should be more highlighted.
the viewpoint of instructors on considering addiction prevention elements in thinking and life style book of seventh grade is positive and placing addiction prevention issues and life skills such as thinking skills and integration of teaching materials in textbooks can be important in different ways.

Clefts of the lip and palate are one of the most common congenital birth anomalies. Genetic factors play a great role in the etiology of them and the high percentage of the consanguineous marriage of the parents of the affected persons is one of the reasons. These defects not only make abnormal changes on appearance of the neonate, but also make a lot of stress and psychological problems for the patients and their families. Study on the prevalence of clefts, their risk factors and also genetic counseling for affected persons and their families can be a guideline for general population and probably reduce these anomalies over the generations.