همایون کلانتری

Ocean surface waves are the most noticeable manifestations of air-sea interactions at the interface between the atmosphere and the ocean. These waves significantly affect coastal infrastructures, coastal erosion, and sediment transport. Understanding the dominant wave patterns and the prevailing sea state in a region, particularly in relation to seasonal variability and the non-dimensional parameters of wave age and wave steepness, is essential. This study aims to perform a detailed qualitative analysis and enhance the wind-wave forecasting system for the northern coasts of the Oman Sea. We utilized the third-generation MIKE 21-SW model, which is driven by wind data, to analyze the wave field based on simulated and reliable data. Through adjustment of white capping coefficients and calibration with data obtained from an Acoustic Doppler Current Profiler (ADCP) at selected stations in 2016, we investigated the seasonal and annual variations in wave data influenced by wind waves along the northern shores of the Oman Sea. Our findings indicate that the regional climate is shaped by northwest winds, monsoon-induced waves, and waves originating from the Indian Ocean. A strong correlation between the model outputs and measured data highlights significant seasonal and spatial variations in wave characteristics from east to west. Specifically, the wave steepness varied from 0.005 to 0.055 across different seasons. In the combined distribution of inverse wave age and wave steepness data, instances of inverse wave age greater than 1.5 are rare, suggesting insufficient development of the sea state. Additionally, a discontinuity is observed in steepness values below 0.01, which aids in identifying the prevailing waves in the region. Most waves during the monsoon season are generated by monsoon winds, exhibiting an inverse wave age range of 0.2 to 0.83, with a maximum steepness of 0.02. Conversely, during the non-monsoon period, many wave instances feature an inverse wave age greater than 0.83.

Accurate prediction of wave parameters is of great significance for marine and coastal operations. The very aim of the present research was to predict the wave characteristics for the northern coastal areas of the Sea of Oman using the MIKE 21 SW model. In this study, firstly, the generation of waves by wind with a spatial resolution of 0.1 degrees, a temporal resolution of 1 hr, and a suitable boundary condition was presented from the study data of the coasts of Iran (phase six - Makran beaches) with a temporal resolution of 1 hr. The results were validated with measurement data obtained from certain stations in 2016. Simulated wave parameters after calibration and adjustment of white capping coefficients as a wave loss parameter corresponded with the results of the measurement data at three stations with a strong correlation of 90%, 86% and 80% and an improvement value of 7.6%, 4 6.6%, and 27.18%, respectively. Moreover, the correlation coefficient of Tp and MWD in the Pasabandar station was 0.33 and 0.58, respectively. The results of this study also revealed that the dispersion index for three stations after calibration was 0.232, 0.363, and 0.684 for Hs, 0.338, 0.337, and 0.393 for Tp, and 0.149, 0.182, and 0.300 for MWD. By inferring from the simulation results and non-dimensional parameters of wave age and steepness, it can be concluded that the sea state and the wave climate are influenced by the waves caused by the northwest wind, monsoon, and the waves of the Indian Ocean. Wave steepness varied from 0.005 to 0.055 in different seasons such that discontinuity could be seen in the combined distribution of inverse wave age-wave steepness data in steepness of less than 0.01.