هیمن نادر

In the new global attitude، water is an economic - social commodity and known as the primary requirement of human. Dams and water reservoirs play an important role in providing consumers’ water and allocation of it to different sectors. In this study the water allocation of Mahabad dam was analyzed and the priority of water allocation and satisfaction of the targets were determined، using combined analytic Fuzzy hierarchy and goal programming methods. Hierarchical structure was designed with three criteria and six subcriteria for five alternative sectors to determine the priority of dam water allocation to these sectors. Then in the final stage agricultural sector with the global weight of 0. 36 was the most preferred choice relative to other sectors. In addition، the optimal planting pattern showed that، among the all priorities، the largest area belonged to the wheat cultivation.

Economic tendency of human always has been focused on getting maximum results with minimal facilities and factors; this can be called a tendency to achieve higher efficiency and productivity. This study aims at ranking farm units in Sistan region using integrated data envelopment analysis (DEA) approach and analytic hierarchy process AHP. Its data including fifteen farm units were gathered during the crop year of 2010-11. For the purpose of ranking these units، first، paired efficiency of each unit is calculated and then a matrix of the analytic hierarchy process is formed of paired comparisons for each efficiency value of the units and finally، the farm units are ranked. The study results of ranking in terms of efficiency show that the farms 1، 13 and 15 with technical efficiency value of 1 are placed in the highest rank and the farm 14 with the value of 0. 213 is placed in the lowest rank. Furthermore، the results of ranking based on AHP suggest that the farm 1 with a weight of 0. 09 is placed in the first rank and the farm 12 with a weight of 0. 046 is placed in the last rank among farms in terms of efficiency. As shown by the findings، the farm units could not be appropriately ranked in the DEA method identifying only the ranks of efficient and inefficient groups. Therefore، a complete ranking requires a measurement of the relative productivity and the comparison of units in terms of some applied aspects such as AHP، controlling the inputs and outputs again to ensure their accuracy.

In this study, considering to the important role of the Economic Cooperation Organization (ECO) and significance of geo-economic and geostrategic of its member states, we analyzed the commercial status of some of this organization's member countries that regionally have advantage. For this purpose, indices of trade among inter- specialization index, trade dissimilarity index and export concentration for altered agricultural products are used. Then, the factors influencing agricultural export productivity index was examined in the form of panel data model for these countries. The results illustrated that even though Iran has good condition within the interspecialization index, but it suffers from low agricultural export productivity. Also, the most effective agent in agricultural exports productivity is economic freedom and agricultural population and area of agricultural land does not affect factors in agricultural export productivity.

In recent years technical tools have shown great progress for modeling many problems of water resources. Multiple criteria decision-making process is a helpful tool to resolve water management issues. Fuzzy analytic hierarchy process is a developed form of conventional analytic hierarchy process that confirms all the comparisons in the form of fuzzy logic. In this study a hierarchical structure was designed to determine water allocation priorities of Mahabad Dam's for water users of the dam water with different purposes. In this structure three criteria and six subcriteria were considered for six alternatives of water use of the dam. Results showed that the economic criterion with local weight of 0.45 was the most important one. In addition the allocation of water to the agricultural sector with a global weight of 0.356 was the first priority and other priorities were urban drinking, recreation - environmental, power generation and flood control respectively.

Water is a vital factor in economic and social development of each country. Thus, control and efficient use of available water resources is inevitable. In the present study, in order to determine optimal water allocation of Mahabad Dam reservoir, lexicographic goal programming was used. The data for period 1966-2007 were simulated by the Monte Carlo method. Multiple goals of securing drinking water, agricultural water and electricity production were considered. The results of the study showed that, to maximize objectives of managers, allocation of water to agriculture and drinking could be increased.

Exchange rate volatility is one of the effective and AMBIGUOUS factors in agricultural products export. Regarding the importance of agricultural trade, to avoid single-product economy, the main aim of this study is to investigate the impact of exchange rate volatility on the pistachio export of Iran during 1338-1386. For this purpose, exchange rate volatility index was estimated using Generalized Auto-Regressive Conditional Heteroskedactisity (GARCH), firstly. Then, the impact of exchange rate volatility on the value of pistachio export was examined through Johansen's and Juselius's cointegration method and Vector Error Correction Model (VECM). Results indicate that exchange rate volatility has a negative impact on the value of pistachio export. Also, investigation of other model’s variables showed that weighted average income of pistachio importer countries, exchange rate and domestic producer price of pistachio have negative effect on export value of pistachio.

In this study the optimal cropping pattern for Piranshahr- one of western Azarbaijan’s cities- was determined using Multi-objective Fuzzy Fractional Programming with the aim of moving toward sustainable agriculture. The cross section data of 2007-2008 were used for our analysis. Data were gathered through filling out 600 questionnaires from 60 villages of Piranshahr city by using two-stage random sampling method. The results showed that the optimal cropping pattern using the Multi-objective Fuzzy Fractional Programming to achieve sustainability is different with the current cropping pattern. Moreover, the results of the stability indices (ratio of gross income to the use of chemical fertilizers and pesticides) showed the significance of this goal was built for sustainability. Sustainability indices determined for chemical pesticides fungicides, herbicides, insecticide, nitrogen, phosphate and fertilizer. Results indicate that elimination or minimization of chemical pesticides and fungicides is more important than other inputs.