فهرست مطالب وحیده نوروززاده چگینی

Mohammad TaghiBahar and Hafiz Ibrahim are the most famous poets of Iran and Egypt whose poetry is loved and appreciated by most readers. They liked their countries and their dearest wishes were to see the freedom of their country and the glory of their people.It was a cause of great sorrow and pain for them to see their country in the hands of tyranny and foreign governments.Therefore, they tried to compose poems that convey messages to both the public and the elites. This article is an attempt to show the patriotism of Bahar and Hafiz Ibrahimin their poems and to compare the views of the two poets. Moreover, it is shown that despite their different nationality, languages,religious beliefs and culture they are all the same in love with their country and they hate any foreign domination.

Searching in literary works، we recognize the influence of religion on people’s thoughts. Religious beliefs are a mirror of the society ideals which guide them towards high goals، victory over cruelty and the way to truth. When Persian poetry flourished، poets had become familiar with the stories of the Prophets through the Koran and other religious books. At that time، the Islamic culture and stories of the Prophets gradually penetrated to the minds of many people and formed part of their mentality. Many hints are observed in Persian odes that، directly or indirectly، remind us of various national myths and religious stories. Poets used different stories in their works to enrich their poems. This matter keeps alive the history، customs، religion، rituals etc. In studying the odes، it was seen that in some centuries the influence of these stories increased and we describe in detail the evolution of stories and reasons of such influence. In this article، we study some Persian myths and Prophets’ tales and state the reasons of their prevalence and mixture with Persian myths.

This study is a research about rhythms and poetical works which are used in Persian literature odes in of forth century up to now. Firstly, this research, 50 odes of the poetical works of celebrated poets are considered in all periods of Persian literature and the types of rhythm and contents which they are interested in are specified that the results of this research formed the following assay. In this article 1632 odes are considered, it observed that most common poetical works in Persian language is considered by the writers of odes and they have composed long poems in these rhythms. Also from the viewpoint of content in the primary centuries of Persian poems, the poets paid attention to the contents of Arabic poets but the new contents gradually entered the Persian literature by the growth of odes in Persian literature which will be referred to next.

Didactic literature is one of the most important genres in culture and literature of every country. This literary type tries to develop moral forces and good qualities in the human beings. This genre can be found in the most works of Iranian poets. They in different ways refer to the teaching of ethical doctrine to people. These poets through different figures of speech have tried to give moral lessons. This article that investigate the position of didactic in the Persian odes show the evolution of this literary genre and religious teaching, ethical teaching, mystical teaching, political and social teaching in the great poets of the Persian literature.