پری دانشور

The coronavirus epidemic is one of the most important human social events of the present century. Its effects have overshadowed the adaptation of all age groups. Therefore, the present study was conducted to examine the role of spiritual capital and patience in predicting the level of emotional adjustment of university students .

Methods :

The p resent study was a descriptive correlational study and involved the use of regression analysis. The statistical population included all male and female students of Farhangian University of Birjand in the academic year 2021 - 2022, out of whom 242 were select ed by convenience sampling. They answered the questionnaires of spiritual capital developed by Golparvar et al., Khormaei et al.’s patience questionnaire and the psychological adjustment questionnaire by Sinha and Singh f or data analysis, mean and standard deviation and Pearson and multiple regression correlation tests were used. In this study, all ethical considerations were observed and the authors reported no conflict of interests .

The results showed that the relationship between spiritual capi tal and emotional adjustment (P<0.01, r=0.598) and the relationship between patience and emotional adjustment (P<0.01, r=0.569) was positive and significant. The components of spiritual capital and patience (37.6%) predicted 35.6% and 37.6% of the variance in emotional adjustment, respectively .

The results of the present study indicate that therapists and researchers should pay more attention to the role of the components of spiritual capital and patience in students' emotional adjustment .

Encouragement is an important concept of Adlerian psychology and refers to the expression of confirmation through language or other symbolic illustration to instill courage in a person within the context of addressing a challenging situation or recognizing a potential. Receiving encouragement would enhance social connectedness, academic performance, motivation and self-efficacy in students. The present study aimed to investigate the effectiveness of encouragement training on academic anxiety and school connectedness in female high school students. The study was a pretest-posttest control group quasi-experimental design. Statistical population included all female students of the 10th grade of high school in Baharestan Education District 1 (Iran) in 2022. Participants were 30 female students were selected by accessible sampling and randomly assigned to in experimental and control groups (15 people in each group). Participants responded to Beatty and Brew student sense of connectedness with school scale (2005) and Abolghasemi et al.'s academic anxiety scale (1996). The experimental group received eight one-hour sessions of self-encouragement training and the control group did not receive any training. Data were analyzed by univariate and multivariate analysis of covariance. The results indicated that encouragement training decreased academic anxiety and increased students' school connectedness (p<.01). Therefore, providing this training is considered useful strategy for improving the motivational and social outcomes in students.