پریوش احمدپور

Mastalgia is one of the most common breast problems. Due to the lack of studies on the etiology of mastalgia and unknown etiology of this disorder, this study was performed with aim to assess the relationship between depression and anxiety with the severity and length of cyclic mastalgia in women. This cross-sectional study was performed on 322 women aged 18-45 years old referred to Tabriz health and treatment centers in 2014-2015. The questionnaires of socio-demographic, Nominal Day Breast Pain (NDBP), and Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS) were used for data collection. General linear model was used to estimate the effect of each of the independent variables (depression, anxiety and socio-demographic characteristics) on the dependent variable (severity of mastalgia). Data was analyzed by SPSS software (version 21), and Pearson test, t-test and ANOVA. P According to the results of bivariate tests, there was a significant correlation between the length and severity of mastalgia with anxiety and depression (P<0.05). According to the general linear model, the scores of anxiety and depression were the predictors of length and severity of mastalgia. Anxiety and depression are of the effective factors on the severity and length of cyclic mastalgia, therefore, psychological and emotional support for reducing the level of anxiety and depression should be included in the treatment protocol in this regard.

Physical activity is an important health promoting behavior and one of the most important factors in health maintenance and prevention of non-communicable diseases. This study aimed to determine the status of physical activity and its effective factors based on Health Belief Model in the male students resident in dormitories of Tabriz University of Medical Sciences -1393.
This study was performed on 260 male students. Sampling method was random. Questionnaires including Socio-demographic, physical activity (IPAQ) and a questionnaire based on Health Belief Model including constructs of self efficacy, perceived barriers and perceived benefits were used for collecting data. Pearson test, independent t-test and one-way ANOVA were used for data analysis.
Median (Percentile 25 to percentile 75) of physical activity score was 1331 (594 to 4999.5). 28.1%, 48.5% and 23.5% of students had severe, moderate and low physical activity, respectively. There was no statistically significant relationship between physical activity and the constructs of self-efficacy, perceived benefits, perceived barriers and socio-demographic characteristic.
About a quarter of the students had low physical activity. Thus, the sources and facilitators of regular physical activity should be provided in the dormitories for students and also with the proper planning; all people especially the young people are informed from the benefits of exercise in order to prevent the incidence of non-communicable diseases.

About 10 to 30 percent of women in reproductive age suffer from heavy menstrual bleeding. Excessive menstrual bleeding, cause decreased quality of life and anemia.This study aimed to assess the effect of Vitexagnus and Flaxseed on menstrual bleeding in women referred to health centers of Tabriz. This triple-blind randomized controlled trial was conducted on 159 women. Using block randomization, subjects were allocated into three groups (n=53 per group). Group I received 25 grams of Flaxseed powder daily; group II received 3.2-4.8 mg Vitex agnus tablet daily and control group received placebo of two drugs for two menstrual cycles. Participants completed Pictorial Blood Lost Assessment Chart (Higham) at baseline, 1, and 2 months after the intervention. Data was analyzed using ANOVA tests. There was no statistically significant difference between groups in terms of the demographic and the Higham score before the intervention. The menstrual bleeding score reduced significantly in both intervention groups during the first and second months after the intervention. Mean Higham score was significantly lower than that in the control group in the first month after the intervention in the Vitex agnus group [adjusted mean difference: [-7.9 (95% CI: -11.8 to -4.0)] and Flaxseed [-9.6 (-13.5 to -5.6)] and the second month after the intervention in Vitex agnus [-10.1 (-15.2 to -5.0] and Flaxseed [-10.4 (-15.5 to -5.2]. There was no significant difference between Vitex agnus and Flaxseed groups. Based on the results of this study, Flaxseed and Vitex agnus are effective for reduction of menstrual bleeding amount. However, for routine use of Flaxseed and Vitex agnus more research is needed.

Premenopausal syndrome affects daily activities of many women. This study aimed to compare the effects of Vitexagnus and Flaxseed on premenstrual symptoms in women referred to health centers of Tabriz from October 2013 to September 2014. Methods & Materials: This randomized controlled trial was conducted among 159 women suffered from premenstrual syndrome (PMS). The PMS was measured using the premenstrual assessment form (PAF). The participants were allocated into three groups (n=53 per group) using block randomization. The group I received 25 grams/d Flaxseed powder and placebo of the Vitexagnus; group II received 3.2-4.8 mg/d Vitexagnus tablets and placebo of the Flaxseed; and the control group received both placeboes. The PAF was completed at baseline and 1 and 2 month after the intervention. Data were analyzed using the general linear model. The PMS improved significantly in both intervention groups during the first and the second month after the intervention. In the Vitexagnus and Flaxseed groups, the mean total PMS score were significantly lower than that in the control group at the first months after the intervention (adjusted mean difference: -3.3 (95% CI: -4.0 to -2.1); -4.3 (-5.5 to -3.0), respectively). In the second month after the intervention, the mean total PMS score was -5.8 (-7.0 to -4.7) in the Vitexagnus group and -6.6 (-8.1 to -5.7) in the Flaxseed group. There was no significant difference between the Vitexagnus and Flaxseed groups in terms of the PMS score. According to the results of this study, Flaxseed and Vitexagnus are effective in improving PMS.