فهرست مطالب پویا آروین

Knowledge of medicinal plants and their biochemical properties provide basic steps for the optimal use of their compounds and medicinal properties. In this study, the content of phytochemical compounds and antioxidant activity of roots, leaves and fruits of Caper (Capparis spinosa L.) were investigated in two regions of Razo Jarglan and Esfarayen located in North Khorasan province. Anthocyanin content and phenolic and flavonoid compounds were determined by laboratory assays and antioxidant capacity of various plant organs was done by DPPH free radical scavenging test. The results showed that the phenol and flavonoid content of fruit extracts of Caper plants grown in Esfarayen region with 35.1 (mg GA/g D.W) and 8.1 (mg Q/g D.W) were the highest, Compared to other groups respectively. The highest anthocyanin content was obtained from the leaf extract of Caper plants in Esfarayen region. The results also showed that the highest antioxidant activity was observed in the fruit extract of Caper plants in Esfarayen district and the lowest amount was observed in the leaf extract of Caper plants in Razo Jarglan district. All extracts of different parts of the Caper plant show different levels of antioxidant activity and due to the appropriate antioxidant effects of this plant, it is expected that it can be used in food, medicine and health products.

Dracocephalum kotschyi Boiss. it is one of the medicinal and aromatic plants that can be found in natural habitats in mountainous and high areas of the country. This plant is very popular because of its large amounts of essential oil and important medicinal properties. In this study, in order to investigate the effect of the habitat on the physiological traits, yield and essential oil content, random sampling of the flowering branches of the plant in the full flowering stage with three replications was done from its natural habitats located in the altitudes of Espidan, Akher Dagh and Arkan in North Khorasan province. The results showed that the plants grown in Espidan region with 15.76 g F.W and 3.24 g D.W are the highest, and the plants of Akher dagh region with 12.58 g F.W and 2.68 g D.W, are the lowest in fresh and dry weight. In terms of the content of flavonoid compounds and the percentage of essential oil yield, the highest amount of these compounds was obtained from 69.63 (mg Q/g D.W) and 1.52% from the plants of Arkan heights. Further, the results showed that 23 compounds were identified in the essential oil of plants of three habitats, and the compounds of cis-α-Bergamotene, limonene and ß-ocimene were the main common compounds in the essential oils of three regions. In connection with the antioxidant property, the plants of Arkan area showed a higher antioxidant capacity than other habitats in inhibiting DPPH free radicals with 50.89 μg/ml. In terms of anthocyanin content, extract of Arkan plants with 2.96 mg of cyanidin 3-glucoside/g was a greater source of anthocyanin, with a significant difference compared to other plants. General conclusion The plants grown in the altitudes of Arkan showed more content of anthocyanin, flavonoid compounds, antioxidant capacity and essential oil yield than other habitats, and it seems that the Arkan habitat has the most suitable conditions for the cultivation of this valuable medicinal plant.

To evaluate the biological potential and medicinal properties, the biochemical compounds and quantity and essential oil quality of Chenopodium botrys L. grown in the natural habitat located in Raz and Jargalan city, North Khorasan province was investigated. Leaves or flowering branches sampling was done at full flowering stage. The content of biochemical compounds, including phenolic compounds, flavonoids, and antioxidant capacity, was measured. The essential oil of flowering branches and leaves together was extracted by water distillation method and Clevenger apparatus and analyzed by gas chromatography (GC) and gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC/MS). The results showed that the content of phenols, flavonoids, and antioxidant capacity of leaves or flowering branches methanol extracts was obtained 83.2 and 91.4 (mg GA.g-1 DW), 14 and 17 (mg QUE.g-1 DW), and 91 and 77 (μg.ml-1), respectively. Twenty-six compounds were identified in the essential oil. Elemol (17.2%), juniper camphor (7.9%), and bulnesol (6.9%) were the main compounds of essential oil. Also, the essential oil content was obtained 0.36% (w/w). Also, the leaves extract had significantly higher content of anthocyanin (3.1 mg cyanidin-3-glucoside.g-1 DW) compared to the flowering branches one. Overall, based on the results it can be concluded that Ch. botrys is a promising source of antioxidant compounds and is expected to be used in the food, medicine, and health products.

Recognition of medicinal plants and their biochemical compounds provides fundamental steps for the optimal use of medicinal combinations and their properties. In this study, the antioxidant activity, quantitative and qualitative of essential oil of Artemisia kopetdaghensis and A. sieberi Besser in Razo Jarglan rangelands located in North Khorasan province were investigated. The antioxidant capacity was evaluated by DPPH free radicals scavenging assays and the compounds present in the essential oil were studied by Gas Chromatography (GC) and Gas Chromatography/Mass Spectrometry (GC/MS). The results showed that 34 compounds were identified in the essential oils of Artemisia species including Camphor with 15.83%, Pinocarveol with 11.37% and Borneol with 11.32% in A. kopetdaghensis and Davanone with 18.01%, 1,8-Cineol with 7.85% and Linalool with 5.43% in A. sieberi were the main essential oil compounds in these plants respectively. Essential oil yield percentage was 0.92% in A. kopetdaghensis and 0.11% in A. sieberi. Oxygenated monoterpenes were the most abundant compounds of extracted essential oil which accounted for 71.48% in A. kopetdaghensis and 40.59% in A. sieberi. Regarding the antioxidant properties, A. kopetdaghensis with 83 μg/ml showed more antioxidant capacity than A. sieberi in DPPH free radicals scavenging assays. It seemed that  A. kopetdaghensis had a higher medicinal value due to its essential oil yield and higher antioxidant capacity.

Ethnobotany or botanical ethnography is the knowledge of documenting of traditional unwritten information in order to make optimal use of resources and effeectively protect of biodiversity and cultural information.Due to the diversity of vegetative cover in North Khorasan province and also many traditional and scientific sources, a study in 2020 was carried out to identify the medicinal plants of Maneh and Semelghan regions and use of the knowledge and experience of the indigenous people  to introduce the properties and unknowns dimension of medicinal plants. Information about various aspects of plants such as traditional uses and how to use and sampling time of plants by preparing a questionnaire in the form of face-to-face interview and participatory observation were collected from experienced natives. The results of the present study showed that out of 106 species of medicinal plants, 18 species belonged to the Lamiaceae family, followed by the Asteraceae family with 17 species and the Apiaceae family with 12 species respectively. Liquorice (Glycyrrhiza glabra L.) with 385 reports to relieve digestive and respiratory problems and Chicory (Cichorium intybus L.) with 366 reports for treatment of digestive and skin diseases and Mallow (Malva sylvestris L.) with 358 reports to treat systematic and respiratory diseases showed the highest Use of Report, respectively. Also Glycyrrhiza glabra with 0.98, Cichorium intybus with 0.95 and Thymus transcaspicus with 0.93 had the highest rate of Relative Frequency of Citation index, respectively. In terms of biological form, 48 species of Hemicryptophytes, 21 species of Phanerophytes, 17 species of Therophytes, 12 species of Chameophytes and 8 species of Geophytes were identified in the region. The findings of this study show that the ethnobotanical information of the people of this region can provide a good basis for identifying the new therapeutic effects of plants, better use of medicinal plants and their products.

The Proveskia abrotanoides Karel is one of the valuable medicinal species in Iran, and its products have been using in the traditional culture of the people for the prevention and treatment of diseases since long time ago. In this study, in order to investigate the effect of habitat on the phenolic, flavonoid and essential oil contents, sampling of plant branches in full flowering stage with three replications were randomly done from natural habitats of Raz and Jargalan county of North Khorasan province, including Tangeh Torkman district (with height of 995 m), Goynik (with height of 1207 m) and Cheshmeh Seyed (with height of 1450 m). The results of present study showed that the effect of habitat condition was significant on the content of phenolic compounds, flavonoids and essential oil and Cheshmeh Seyed habitat with 115 phenolic content (mg GA/g D.W), 640 flavonoid (mg Q/g D.W) and 1.47 persentage of essential oil showed the highest amounts of these compounds, respectively which can probably be considered as confirming the beliefs of the native people of the province that they collect and consume more Proveskia abrotanoides from mountainous areas. In the study of the type and the amount of compounds of essential oil, a total of 33 compounds were identified, of which 1,8 Cineole, Camphore, Caryophyllene and Alpha-Humulene were the main compounds of essential oil in this study area. Due to the fact that the medicinal value of Proveskia abrotanoides essential oil depends on the percentage of 1,8 Cineole, Camphore and Caryophyllene, in this study it was observed that essential oil of the Cheshmeh Seyed district has a higher percentage of these compounds and it can be concluded that the best place for the growth of this plant in the region to achieve the best yield quality and quantity of essential oil is Cheshmeh Seyed habitat.

Ethnobotany is a branch of traditional knowledge that studies the role of plants of a certain district in the knowledge of its indigenous people and is the recovery of unwritten traditions that are in the danger of extinction. Therefore, a study conducted to identify the medicinal plants of Razo-Jargalan district and use of the knowledge and experience of the indigenous to introduce the properties and unknown dimensions of the desired medicinal plants. The information about various aspects of plants such as the traditional uses, how to use, and sampling time of plants were collected from the experienced natives. The results of the present study showed that out of 85 medicinal plant species, 14 ones belonged to the fam. Asteraceae, followed by the fam. Lamiaceae with 13 species and the fam. Apiaceae with 11 species. Liquorice (Glycyrrhiza glabra L.) with 201, thyme (Thymus transcaspicus Klokov) with 191, and artemisia (Artemisia siberi Besser.) with 178 showed the highest use of report (UR). A. siberi with 0.77, G. glabra with 0.73, and Th. transcaspicus with 0.69 had also the highest amount of relative frequency of citation index (RFC). Five life forms including hemicryptophytes (38 species), therophytes (16 species), phanerophytes (16 species), chameophytes (11 species), and geophytes (4 species) were observed among the species. The aerial parts was the most used part of medicinal plants in this region and the main uses of medicinal plants were in the treatment of digestive, general and unspecified, respiratory, and skin diseases, respectively. Regarding the informant consensus factor (ICF), the musculoskeletal diseases group obtained the highest value of this index (0.96) among the other groups.

Salinity is one of the most important and common environmental stresses that affects the quantitative and qualitative yield of many plants. Fenugreek (Trigonella foenum-graecum L.) is one of the most well-known medicinal plants, which is used in the cure of many diseases due to its various effective compounds such as trigonelline. This study was aimed at investigating the effects of salinity stress on the yield components and some physiological and biochemical characteristics of four fenugreek populations under the greenhouse conditions. The pot factorial experiment was conducted in a completely randomized design with three replications. The experimental factors included four populations (Neishabour, Shirvan, Shiraz, and Ardakan) and four salinity levels (0, 30, 60, and 90 mM). At the final stages of growth, the traits including the relative water content (RWC), number of pods per plant, number of seeds per pod, 1000-seed weight, and content of soluble sugars, proline, and trigonelline were measured in the mature plants. The salinity stress decreased the yield traits such as the number of pods per plant, number of seeds per pod, and 1000-seed weight in the all populations studied. The results showed that the salinity stress also decreased the concentration of soluble sugars and RWC, but increased the content of proline and trigonelline in the seeds. The population Shiraz was superior to the others in terms of the traits studied and showed more efficient mechanisms to tolerate the stress conditions.

In present study, effects of foliar of NPK fertilizer on some physiological, morphological parameters and essential oil of medicinal plant of savory (Satureja hortensis L.) were studied. Experimental design was Randomized Complete Block design (RCB) with 4 treatment and 3 replications. Treatments were including control and foliar of NPK fertilizer with proportions of 20-20-20, 10-50-10 and 12-12-36. Highest number of leaves, lateral branches, height and wet and dry weight of roots and shoots was obtained by fertilizer treatment with ratio of 12-12-36. It seems that eminent role of potassium rather than nitrogen and phosphorus in fertilizer composition of 12-12-36 could lead to significant increases in these traits. The highest content of chlorophyll a with 0.161 mg g-1 F.W and the highest rate of carotenoid with 0.571 mg g-1 F.W were captured in fertilizer with ratio of 20-20-20. Control treatment revealed the most content of anthocyanin with 37.682 mg g-1 F.W. Low levels of anthocyanin in foliar application treatments in comparison with control sample may be because of creation the optimum condition for plants by application of fertilizer. Total essential oil content demonstrated fluctuations in different treatments so in plants with fertilizer treatments with ratio of 12-12-36 had the most essential oil productions rather than control and other fertilizer treatments. Outcomes of regression analysis by stepwise method showed that chlorophyll a, number of leaf and height had the most effect on dry weight of stem and could justify 85% of dry weight of stem.

In order to study the drought stress in soybean (Glycin max L.), experiments with two stages and 25 soybean genotypes based on Simple Lattice Design 5×5 with two replications in two locations (normal and drought condition) were carried out in Bojnourd. Also evaluation of germination traits with three replications based on Completely Randomized Design has performed. Drought stress was applied in farm after plant establishment at second trifoliate (V2) by irrigation period and in germination experiment, drought stress, has been applied in two levels (normal and -9 bar). Results revealed that among 20 measured traits in field condition, the most reduction in yield components were related to biomass with 32.6% and number of seed per plant with 26.6% respectively. Also drought stress caused a reduction in yield in area by 46.7% and single plant yield by 35.2%. Korona genotype with 69.9% had the highest reduction and Capital genotype with 10.7% had the lowest reduction regarding final yield. Germination assoys showed that plumule with 83.3% and seed length index with 80.44% had the most significant reduction. Considering the Total Ranking Index (TRI), Capital, Chaleston and Jame×Williams genotypes were more resistant to drought stress and Korona and Amuroska were more sensitive to drought stress. Ranking was done by two methods SDI, TRI. Mann Whitney nonparametric test did not show significant differences among genotypes ranking in these two methods.

An experiment was conducted to evaluate the effects of plant densities (20, 30, 40, and 50 plants per square meter) and foliar application of gibberellin in two levels (0 and 100 Μg L-1) on some of the physiological and morphological traits of coriander (Coriandrum sativum L.). The experiment, carried out in the research farm of Bojnourd Payame Noor University in 2016, was based on a Randomized Complete Blocks (RCB) with three replications. The effects of 20-plant density with gibberellin spray showed the highest plant dry matter percentage as well as the highest number of lateral branches and leaves. The application of gibberellin increased the sugar content by 12.7% in comparison to the control sample; additionally, the highest sugar content (220.79 mg.g-1 F.W) was obtained in the 20-plant density. By increasing the plant density, the content of chlorophyll a, b, and carotenoids decreased. The interaction effect of the 20-plant density ×gibberellin with 72.11 mg.g-1 F.W caused the highest content of chlorophyll a, while the lowest content was recorded for the 50-plant density ×control with 60.7 mg.g-1F.W. The application of gibberellin caused superiority in both seed yield (686.22 Kg.ha-1) and essential oil (0.327%) compared to the control sample. The highest number of compound umbrella and the highest number of seeds per compound umbrella were obtained in the 20 and 30- plant densities, respectively. However, the 1000-seed weight, ultimate yield, oil yield, and essential oil percentage were the highest in the 50-plant density. In general, in higher densities, the ultimate yield seems to increase due to the increased number of plant per unit area, but the yield components are reduced.

IntroductionOilseed rape (Brassica spp L.) is one of the valuable oilseed crops which has been attracting attention in recent years. Iran is located in a semi-arid region, and water shortage has caused problems, namely providing drinking water as much as water supply for crop production. Not only does Plant Growth Promoting Rhizobacteria (PGPR) make plant growth stimulating hormones like Auxin and Gibberellin but also can ease stress conditions by producing ABA. Consequently, considering the current water shortage crisis in Iran, we took three main criteria into account: the roles of PGPRs in increasing resistance to abiotic stress, relief of drought effects, and the importance of cultivation of oilseed rape. The present research has been compiled to study drought and some Plant Growth Promoting Rhizobacteria (PGPR) on Physiological Traits and Ultimate Yield of Cultivars of Oilseed Rape.
Materials and MethodsThe current study was done on the basis of two simultaneous experiments (under stress and non-stress experiments) during 2010- 2011 growing season at Agriculture and Natural Resources Research Station of Torogh, Mashhad is situated in East-North of Iran (36° N, 59° E, 1003 ASL ) . Two research sites (under stress and no-stress fields) were selected beside each other. This region has a semi-arid climate (annual rainfall 286 mm). The experimental design was factorial based on randomized completely block design with three replications in each experiment. The first treatment was Plant Growth Promoting Rizobactria, including B0: no inoculation (control), B1: co-inoculation (Pseudomonas flourescens 169. putida 108), B2: inoculation with P. flourescens 169 and B3: inoculation with P. putida 108. Second treatment was cultivar, including Hayola401 and Hayola330 cultivars belong to Brassica napus, Parkland and Goldrush cultivars belong to B. rapa and BP18 and landrace cultivars belong to B.juncea .Greenness index, plant height, relative water content, canopy temperature depletion , harvest index and final seed yield were measured in the present study as well. In addition, variance analysis (ANOVA) was performed using SAS ver. 9.1 software.
Result and DiscussionThe examination of physiological characteristics including Harvest Index (HI), chlorophyll content, and Relative Water Content (RWC) showed that there is a considerable difference between location, cultivar, and bacteria cultivar. At the second stage of sampling, due to the reduction of cell water content and enhancement of concentration of cell content in stress field, the chlorophyll rate was enhanced in stressed locations. While findings in RWC showed that Pseudomonas putida had the highest percentage (64.23%), and no inoculation had the lowest RWC (60.32%). Therefore, inoculation treatment, specifically the individual inoculation in the study of RWC, could ease the effects of drought stress. Results of the final stem height were significant, only in cultivar level and BP.18 with 1.24m was the highest and Hayol 330 with 0.9m was the shortest cultivars regarding to stem height. Individual and interaction effects of bacteria with other treatments on harvest index were significant. In current study, it seems that application of bacteria treatments has caused better formation of final seed yield .There was a considerable difference between location, cultivars and interaction of location×cultivar regarding to ultimate yield. Final seed yield in non-stress location (1351.85 Kg.ha-1) was significantly higher than in stress location (535.38 Kg.ha-1). In the study of both morphological and physiological traits and final seed yield of the current research, Hayola hybrid showed more superiority than other cultivars.
ConclusionIt seems the individual application of either P. flourescens 169 or P. putida 108 leads to better formation results than two mixed strains of the aforementioned bacteria. In the current study, Hayola hybrids showed a better function in physiology and ultimate yield; therefore, plantation of these hybrids would be valuable even in water deficits as well as application of PGPR.

Oilseed rape (Brassica napus L.) is one of the valuable oilseed crops which has been attracting attention in recent years (Arvin et al., 2011). Several factors such as water shortage, low relative humidity, heat and salinity can make drought stress. Radiation use efficiency and yield components are the effective factors of yield formation in oilseed rape. Drought tolerance in oilseed rape depends on other factors except radiation use efficiency. Studies have indicated that plant growth promoting rhizobacterias (PGPRs) has a direct effect on growth and they can cause resistance to the abiotic stress as well. Hence, considering the drought climate in Iran and the effects of PGPRs on increasing resistance to abiotic stress and relief of drought effects and the importance of the cultivation of oilseed rape in Iran, the present research was done with the goal of study of drought and some plant growth promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) on radiation use efficiency and dry matter partitioning into pod in different cultivars of oilseed rape.
The current study was done on the basis of two simultaneous experiments (under stress and non-stress experiments) during 2010- 2011 growing season at Agriculture and Natural Resources Research Station of Torogh, Mashhad is in East-North of Iran (36° N, 59° E, 1003 as).Two research sites (under stress and non-stress fields) were beside each other. This region has a semi-arid climate (annual rainfall 286 mm). The experimental design was factorial based on randomized compeletly block design with three replications in each experiment. The first treatment was plant growth promoting rizobactria, including B0: no inoculation (control), B1:co-inoculation (Pseudomonas flourescens 169. putida 108), B2: inoculation with P. flourescens 169 and B3: inoculation with P. putida 108. Second treatment was cultivar, including Hayola401 and Hayola330 cultivars belong to Brassica napus, Parkland and Goldrush cultivars belong to B. rapa and BP18 and landrace cultivars belong to B.juncea . Radiation use efficiency and the allocation coefficient of materials to pods were measured in the present study as well. In addition, analysis of variance (ANOVA) was performed using SAS ver. 9.1 software.
Radiation use efficiency There were significant differences between stress and non-stress conditions in levels of bacteria, cultivar and bacteria × cultivar regarding radiation use efficiency. The outcomes showed that the coefficients of radiation use efficiency in each level (bacteria, cultivar and bacteria × cultivar) under non-stress condition was comparatively higher under stress condition. The interaction effects of bacteria × cultivar showed that P. flourescens× Goldrush under non-stress condition with 0.62±0.08 dm.mg-1 had the most and two strains of bacteria× Landrace with 0.1±0.017 dm.mg-1 had the least radiation use efficiency. Regarding bacteria level, Pseudomonas flourescens under non-stress condition with the average of 0.39±0.071 dm.mg-1 had the highest radiation use efficiency. Hayola330 cultivar with 0.45±0.047 and Hayola401 cultivar with 0.39±0.038 dm.mg-1 obtained the greatest RUE under non-stress condition and BP18 cultivar with 0.11±0.06 dm.mg-1 revealed the lowest RUE under stress condition. Both drought stress and simultaneous application with two strains of bacteria had negative effects on RUE.
Dry matter partitioning into pod In this trial, considerable difference regarding pod partitioning coefficient revealed in the level of cultivar and bacteria × cultivar. The value of the pod partitioning coefficient under this investigation ranged from 0.9393± 0.084 under non-stress condition to 0.1634± 0.0210 under stress condition. Although inoculation treatment of bacteria had the synergy effect, co-inoculation treatment had the antagonistic effect of pod partitioning coefficient. Moreover, the rate of the pod partitioning coefficient lessened under drought condition. Berry & Spink (2006) and Arvin et al. (2014) stated that there were positive correlation between HI and partitioning photoasimilate in to economic organs. The results of the present study showed that dry matter partitioning into the pod with a final yield had a 91% positive correlation under non-stress and 74% under stress condition.
In conclusion, negative effects of drought and positive effects of application of bacteria on RUE and pod dry matter partitioning were obtained in this trail. The results illustrated that separate application of bacteria had synergy effect and conflation of two strains of bacteria had an antagonistic effect on both studied traits.

In order to evaluate the effect of sowing date on growth analysis, physiological and morphological traits eight rapeseed cultivars, a field experiment was carried out cropping in Bojnourd. The experiment was conducted as split plot design with three replications. Main plot including sowing date (Sep.21, Oct.17) and sub plot were cultivars(Zarfam, Licord, Ebonit, SLM046, Opera, Elvis, Okapi and Orient) Investigated traits included: TDM, RGR, CGR, plant height, crown diameter, sub branches number, pod length, pod per plant, grain per pod, 1000 grain weight and grain yield. Also traits correlation and growth equations were determined based on growing degree day. Result growth analysis showed that sowing date had not significant effect on TDM, RGR and CGR. However, all cultivars were died in the last sowing date, significant Difference occurred among cultivars for growth analysis traits, but sowing date × cultivar had no effect on TDM and CGR. The maximum of growth indices were detected on Oct.17 and Zarfam and Ebonit cultivars had the maximum of growth in this time. Also sowing date had effect on all characters expect 1000 grain weight and grain yield. A positive correlation were observed between grain yield with pod per plant (r= .68**) and sub branches number (r= .43**), respectively. In conclusion, there is no significant difference between the first and second sowing date, so it is seemed that early sowing date is useful for Bojnourd due to protecting from cool injuring. Also between cultivars, Ebonit and Zarfam, in order, have a priority, respectively.

Salinity stress and its control which has been a major problem in agriculture since thousand years ago, can be considered as the main cause of reduction of production ability of arable lands in many countries. To evaluate the effects of different salinitylevels on seed germination components of four sesame cultivars Oltan, Darab 1,Dashtestan, and Mehr Sabzevar, a factorial experiment based on completely randomized design (CRD) with three replications was carried out in seed physiology lab. at Islamic Azad University of Bojnord. Salt treatments at 5 levels (0,4,6,8, and 10 ds/m)were applied with sodium chloride. Seeds of each cultivars were planted in plastic plates (5×8×11cm) containing different levels of salinity. Based on the analysis of data on seed germination and germination components, it was revealed that percentage and rate of seed germination were decreased with increasing salinity levels in all cultivars. Other germination components i.e. length of both radicle and plumle was also decreased. Cultivar Oltan was less affected by salt stress compared to the other cultivars.

In order to evaluate the yield and physiological indices of 13 spring cultivars of rapeseed, an experiment was conducted in 2007 growing season at Agriculture and Natural Resources Research Station of Trogh, Mashhad. These cultivars were from three rapessed species, Brassica napus, Brassica rapa and Brassica juncea. The experimental design was randomized complete block with four replications. Results showed considerable differences among yield, TDM and LAI of cultivars. Seed yield of B. napus cultivars was more than that of B. rapa cultivars. With exception of RGR, cultivars of B. napus had more value of physiological indices than cultivars of B. rapa. A maximum TDM was obtained during growth season after 1105.3 GDD at pod filling stage. A maximum GAI was observed with receiving 744.7 GDD at flowering stage and after that lessening trend of GAI was gradually acquired with a mild slope. A maximum CGR was obtained after 867.9 GDD at end of flowering. Based on the results, it was concluded that TDM and LAI had more correlation coefficients than other physiological indices both within and among species