فهرست مطالب کامران محمودپور

Cognitive ability is positively related to many financial outcomes. Cognitive ability refers to the brain's natural skills that are used for simple and complex tasks. In general, these skills, which are related to how to process information, identify patterns and analyze problems, are called cognitive ability and can be improved by focusing on different areas. An important relationship to understand is the extent to which cognitive ability is related to knowledge of economics, but this has not been extensively tested. In this study, the relationship between cognitive ability and economic knowledge and financial literacy among 353 active investors in the stock market has been tested using structural modeling technique. In this regard, the results of this study have shown that there is a positive and significant relationship between economic knowledge and financial literacy and cognitive ability. Meanwhile, these relationships are positively mediated by education.

Internationally, the impact of innovation and creativity on competitiveness degree of firms has been increasingly enhanced even daily. Therefore, emphasizing on knowledge-based economy as well as the development of new high tech products has been taken priority over macro policy makings across the world. It is noteworthy to highlight that innovation can play a major role in economic growth of different countries through the development of new markets. This article aims to investigate the impact of economic openness on knowledge-based economy through using spatial econometric approach based on Romer’s indigenous growth model for Iranian economy and selected commercial partners (including 14 developed and developing countries) during 1995-2013. The results show that significant variables such as human development, research and development (R&D) and economic openness degree on knowledge-based economy have had considerable effects on the innovation. Thus, it is proposed that these countries, particularly, Iran get clear realization about their own economic structures in a bid to choose their high-tech commercial partners. It is further suggested that targeted modification of tariffs for imported capital goods can pave the way to import knowledge-intensive goods. Also, the nationalization of their imported high-technologies as well as product-oriented innovations should be taken into account.

In order to investigate the effect of economies of scale on the size of competition in the banking industry, in this study, the benefits the scale in the banking products is estimated in the Iranian money market with using the translog multiprocess cost function. This paper surveys 18 active banks during 2008–2016. Then, the calculated economies of scale in the banking industry is analyzed by the Bootstrap method. The results show Panzar and Rosse H-statistic rise with an increase in the economies of scale. Then changes in H-statistic which are following the increase in the economies of scale are accompanied by an increase in the monopoly power in the money market in Iran. This finding is driven by comparing the two situations: the market structure with and without the economies scales. Finally, these findings are confirmed by 200 Bootstrap iteration.

The importance of improving energy efficiency in the industry and its sub-sections is that reduce the cost of production at the macro level, Pay less subsidies and reduce the cost of industrial products. In this way, enhanced the value added of these sectors and increase competitiveness, enhance product quality, and ultimately, reduce imports some of important goods and increase exports of some products that made. This study examines the effect of eliminating energy subsidies on the energy intensity in iran industry using the approach of seasonal time series data in during 1385-1392 with Cobb-Douglas cost function that negative correlation between energy intensity and energy prices approved. Also results show that over time with advances in technology, energy intensity is decreased. Then energy price liberalization scenario, assuming a steady rise in nominal prices for the period 1393-1389 is studied. The results show that after the liberation of energy prices, energy intensity is decreased so that the highest reduction in the first year of liberalization and in the years following the reduction of energy intensity has decreased.

The current paper seeks to examine the structure of Iranian`s organized monetary market based on multi-function product and multi-level effects pattern which in this regard, the economies of scope has been assessed by estimating multi-product translog cost function of Iranian`s organized monetary market. In this paper 18 active banks during 2008–15 were studied which they all formed the money market situation in Iran. To assess competition in banking industry, at first, by using the results of multi-level mixed effects model to assess the model of Iranian`s organized monetary market, Penrose andRoss model calculated. For assessing the reason of marketing power when there are multi-product offers. Changes in H statistics of Penrose and Ross due to existence of economies of scope in multi-products banking, estimated and the change in statistic H suggests the exclusive power in organized monetary market of country. The findings show that with increasing of diversity of offered products by organized monetary market, the value of Penrose and Ross statistic H is lessened increasing of exclusive power as a result. Therefore, economic measure and scale in banking industry will result in marketing power and also banks with diversity in offering of products have a more exclusive power. To this regard, high degree of concentration in banking industry has highlighted two questions recently: first, regarding bank’s large scales, are whether those scale increase or not? If so is this advantage or obstacle for potential new banks to enter the industry? And second, whether those model banking scope has lead to increase banking power? Theory suggests that banking competition can be inferred directly from the markup of prices over marginal cost (Lerner, 1934). In prsctice, this measure is often hard or even impossible to implement due to a lock of detailed information on the costs and prices of bank products. The literature has proposed various indirect measurement techniques to assess the competitive climate in the banking sector.
The current paper derives a theoretical model that explicitly analyzes the behavior and conduct of a representative multi-product bank that enjoys economies of scope in supplying classic and other banking products. Frist step begin by extending Panzar and Rosse’s (1987) original model to the case of a multi-product bank with economies of scope, computing the multi-product Panzar-Rosse H-Statistic. Next, the current study shows how economies of scope in multi-product banks affect H-Statistics in the market for classical banking products. More specifically, we show that the greater the economies of scope for a multi-product bank, the lower the Panzar-Rosse H-Statistic.
In addition, our estimates show that banks with any of the product profiles studied have greater market power than banks that offer only classic products. These results indicate that both financial and nonfinancial banking products can increase a bank’s market power. Future research could extend this project by investigating the causal effects of the positive relationship between market power and a bank’s decision to supply classic and other banking products. To summarize, our empirical models show that empirical studies that do not consider the economies of scope underestimate multi-product firms’competation in the banking markets. Moreover, an individual banking-level measure of economies of scope is created and included in Panzar and Rosse’s (1987) test. The initial view of product diversity is supported by banks and their customers, So banks by gaining customer satisfaction, they also gain market power through a variety of products though move to the exclusive atmosphere can have the consequences of reducing social welfare.

The importance of improving energy efficiency in the industry and its sub-sections is that reduce the cost of production at the macro level, Pay less subsidies and reduce the cost of industrial products. In this way, enhanced the value added of these sectors and increase competitiveness, enhance product quality, and ultimately, reduce imports some of important goods and increase exports of some products that made. This study examines the effect of eliminating energy subsidies on the energy intensity in iran industry using the approach of seasonal time series data in during 1385-1392 with Cobb-Douglas cost function that negative correlation between energy intensity and energy prices approved. Also results show that over time with advances in technology, energy intensity is decreased. Then energy price liberalization scenario, assuming a steady rise in nominal prices for the period 1392-1389 is studied. The results show that after the liberation of energy prices, energy intensity is decreased so that the highest reduction in the first year of liberalization and in the years following the reduction of energy intensity has decreased.

The main aim of this research is to investigate the relationship between market structure and market performance variables viz-a-viz using Structure-Conduct-Performance (SCP) paradigm. In this context, the relation between co-efficient of concentration of banking deposits and instability of market share of banks assets from one hand and the co-efficient of profitability of state and private banks in the organized money market for the period 20082012 have been tested per se. The statistical sample of population comprises 17 banks (11 private banks and 6 state banks). To test the hypothesis, we have utilized the panel data as well as the parametric statistical models. The results prima facie indicate that if the sizes of market share of banks assets augment, their profitability will increase pro rata. Besides, the "t" statistics results show that the coefficient of profitability of private banks is greater than the state banks and the raison deter for this phenomenon is the robust management of costs in private banks compared to state ones. Thus adaptation of the economic liberalization and competition oriented privatization in banking system should de facto be deemed as the main priority for banks authorities. Similarly, with respect to "t" statistics of mono sample, we can derive the conclusion that the coefficient of market share of banks assets for those banks with small scale activities in the period under the study (2008-2012) bears relative stability which has tarnished the institutional elements of competition in organized money market, Ipso facto

The main purpose of this paper is to evaluate the structure of banking structure in Iran and assess the monopoly power factor based on Bresnahan and Lau approach. In this paper, the market situation of monetary in Iran consisted 18 active banks are studied during 2007–2011. By the use of Bresnahan's market power model, it is found that there is no deposit market for pre-said banks in Iranian banking industry. The coefficients estimated by the research model have represented that the hypothesis of perfect competition without any withholding rates and deposit rates can be rejected for the entire market.

This study investigates the performance components of competitiveness in the world market, with the emphasis on Iran economy. We used 168 countries data and information included underdeveloped, developing and developed countries during the years of 2011- 2014. The results indicate that the competitiveness parameters have a positive and significant effect on the indicator we have studied. According to the World Economic Forum, Annual Report 2013-2014 states that Switzerland, Singapore, Finland, Germany, the United States, Sweden, Hong Kong, the Netherlands, Japan and the UK are top 10 competitive economies in the world. In this regard, the best ranking of the indicators for the Iran is the market size with the rank of 19 and the value of this index is 5.14, which indicates the capacity and potential of Iran.

This article deals to evaluate the loan market structure and Iran banking facilities and power factor monopoly based on Bresnahan’s Lau approach. Current research was studied Iran's monetary market status during 2005–13 which contains 18 active banks. They all formed the money market situation in Iran by making use of Bresnahan's market power model, was determined that there is no loan market for the active banks in Iranian banking industry. The estimated coefficients of the research model using generalized method of moments (GMM) show that the hypothesis of perfect competition without any withholding rates and loan rates can be rejected for the entire market.

This paper reviews the Mark up of 22 Iranian active industry، in the level of the two –digit ISIC cod from 1374 to 1387 in comparison with selected countries. Base of this paper، check the gap of between marginal cost and price with using the Hall - Roejer model. The result of this article shows، in some of industries، deference between price and marginal cost is very high and in some other industries has been low. The result of this paper shows، from the 22 investigated industry، in 5 industry Iran has the higher Mark up in comparison of these countries: Japan، Germany، French، British، Canada، Australia، Belgium، Finland، Netherlands، Norway، Sweden and it could make an significant gap between the price and marginal cost. in addition from the 22 investigated industry،3 industry have less than Mark up than the selected countries. Generally the Tobacco industry has the least Mark up and the highest Mark up in the non- metallic mineral products between the selected countries.