فهرست مطالب کمال خرازی

Experimental results and theoretical analysis confirms that financial strategic decisions due to the effect of the policy and organizational behavior is very important. The aim of this paper was to study financial strategic making decision and decision-making processes at University of Tehran. Data was collected through qualitative research methods. The population of the study was all the experts and administrators involved in making decision and decision-making processes, including the Board of Executives, Vice Executives, Directors and Deans. In order to collect information, semi-structured interviews, purposive sampling and snowball technique were applied. The results showed that the most important strategic financial issue of University of Tehran is absence of financial independence. In addition, lack of sufficient attention to heated scientific debates in the decision-making meetings, lack of decision support system, incomplete information and poor attention to expert works are other reason for inefficiency and low effectiveness of strategic financial decisions at the university. Although the university has focused on diversification in funding, the financing policies are far from favorable condition and the large part of non-government revenues are provided by educational activities through development of university self- governing campuses and evening and online courses. Allocation of resources is done regardless of the performance of the units and is based on cost per student, past trends and bargaining. In addition, the operational budgeting is not used. To improve the existing situation, it is recommended that the University of Tehran review it's funding and allocation mechanisms and to launch an intelligent decision support system. Putting training courses in economics and finance in higher education on the agenda is also recommended.

This research aims to identify the facilitating factors of learning transfer in NIGC, using a mixed research method. In the qualitative phase, 16 experts of NIGC and university faculty members were selected as the research sample. In the qualitative phase, survey research method was applied and a sample of 376 subjects was selected based on Cochran formula. In order to analyze the qualitative data and to validate the proposed model, thematic analysis technique and Structural Equation Modeling (PLS) approach were utilized consecutively. To collect data in the qualitative step, semi-structured interviews, and in quantitative step, researcher-made questionnaires were used. In the qualitative step, the results of thematic analysis indicate that organizational facilitating factors of learning transfer include climate, culture, support, outcomes, organizational justice, performance management, characteristics of direct manager, participation in decision-making, learner’s environment, application opportunity, and job and job-holder match. Also, inferential tests indicate that NIGC employees assessed all organizational factors of learning transfer, excluding performance management, higher than average. The results of confirmatory factor analysis indicate that all observable and latent variables bear a factor value higher than 0.70 over their corresponding latent variable and they are confirmed at the level of 0.01. The results of structural part of the model show that organizational factors can determine 0.599 of the learning transfer. Finally, the results of Goodness of Fit Index (GOF) represents strong performance of proposed model of learning transfer.

Improving interpersonal problem solving skills in gifted students would facilitate their confrontation with everyday conflict situations. Due to the necessity of these skills in the lives of the gifted students, a creative interpersonal problem solving training program was developed, and its effectiveness on social skills of the elementary gifted students was evaluated. The design of the study was semi-experimental with pretest-posttest and control group. Among 5 different 4th grade classes in an all-girl school in north Tehran, two were randomly selected and assigned as experimental and control groups. The students in these two classes were screened by the Raven Progressive Matrix of Intelligence (1938) and the Tehran Stanford-Binet test of intelligence (Afrooz & Hooman, 1996). The experiment group participated in the interpersonal creative problem solving program, and the control group did not receive any treatment. Teacher form of Social Skills Rating Scale (Gresham and Elliott, 1990) was used to measure their social skills. The obtained data were analyzed using repeated measures analysis of the variance showed significant differences (p

Current research is aimed at providing a model of financial strategic decision making processes. Its primary objectives are to determine the factors influencing financial strategic decision making adopting a cognitive approach and prioritizing them. In a cognitive pattern, in addition to environmental and organizational factors, facilities, the government and institutions, serious attention is also paid to individual components and,in actual fact, to cognitive process of decision making (the how-to of absorbing and processing knowledge and information along with the role of the values, cognition and motives).
A key factor to the success of higher education universities and institutions is the quality of financial decisions. Analyzing these decisions can contribute both to knowing a most complex cognitive mechanism and improving strategic financial decision making processes. Therefore, in this study, a particular model of the effect of the factors influencing strategic financial decisions and the way this is carried out is provided. The method of the research is of mixed (qualitative and quantitative) type. In the first stage, the qualitative method has been adopted to provide the model and thirteen scientific and executive experts on the field have been thoroughly interviewed. The findings have been analyzed using three coding stages (open, selective and axial). This model shows that strategic financial decisions of the universities are affected by the environmental and organizational factors as well as the nature of decision making the circumstances under which the decisions are made and individual components. In the second stage of the research, the model provided in the first phase of the research is tested quantitatively. The population of the research includes 122 managers of University of Tehran of whom 93 have been chosen via a simple random sampling.
To analyze the mentioned effects of the model, the PLS statistical software has been made use of. The findings verify the impact of environmental factors on individual components and organizational factors yet fail to confirm the effect of environmental factors on the nature of the decisions and the circumstances under which they are made. Moreover, the impact of the nature and circumstances of decision making and organizational factors on strategic financial decisions is supported. However, the direct effect of individual factors on strategic financial decisions is less than the process involves the nature and circumstances of decision making. Furthermore, the nature and circumstances of decision making is proved to be affected by the individual components and organizational factors. In addition, the findings suggest that individual components have considerable effects on the nature and circumstances of decision making in universities so that creating a desirable situation can provide supportive infrastructures to make effective, useful decisions in the organization. Considering these facts, a number of suggestions are offered to the managers and researchers.

The purpose of this paper is better understanding of the nature of financial strategic decision-making processes. For developing the model of financial strategic decision-making¡ qualitative meta-analysis of relevant literature in the fields of psychology¡ organizational behavior¡ strategic decisions and financial decisions are made. Meta-analysis of qualitative studies suggest that financial strategic decisions can be studied through three approaches: rationality¡ bounded rationality and cognitive approaches. The results of this study indicate that these decisions have the cognitive nature. Therefore¡ a cognitive approach due to considering the role of individual psychological variables can explain these decisions better than the other two approaches. By combining psychological phenomenon affecting the selection process¡ we can attempt to boost economic theory to understand the choices processes. Cognitive economic offers great tool for the study of decision making; besides¡ Cognitive economy has the potential to promote and strengthen economic theory and offer comprehensive and realistic perspective for economic behaviors.

Improving interpersonal problem solving skills of gifted students would facilitate their confrontation with everyday conflict situations. Due to the necessity of these skills in the lives of the gifted students, a creative interpersonal problem solving training program was developed, and its effectiveness on problem solving skills of the elementary gifted students was evaluated. The design of the study was semi-experimental with pretest-posttest and control group. Among 5 different 4th grade classes in an all-girl school in north Tehran, two were randomly selected and assigned as experimental and control groups. The students in these two classes were screened by the Raven Progressive Matrix of Intelligence (1938) and the verbal section of Tehran Stanford-Binet test of intelligence (Afrooz & Hooman,1996). The experiment group participated in the interpersonal creative problem solving program, and the control group did not receive any treatment. Alternative Solution Scale (Shure & Spivak, 1985) was used to measure their problem solving capabilities. Data was analyzed using analysis of covariance and repeated measures analysis of the variance. Findings showed significant differences (p

In this paper, the Funding mechanisms and resource allocation in higher education was examined. In general various mechanisms were employed in higher education system of different countries. Providing a range of public funding and private funding can be observed in different countries, as in most European universities, public funding and in the U.S. universities, private funding is the dominant form of financing. In association with the resource allocation mechanism, some states subsidize the supply side (higher education institutions), a number of them subsidize demand side (customers), and some countries subsidize both sides.Generally, allocation is based on negotiation and bargaining, a formula, staff, student, per capita and the performance which are some mechanisms that have been used in this context. The results of this study shows that the funding mechanisms of higher education has the potential for policy making and guiding the behavior of different actors; in addition, it can affect the performance of universities and institutions of higher education at macro and micro (individual) levels. Graduates must participate in the funding of higher education. To increase efficiency and equity, and to achieve more equitable access, performance-based allocation mechanisms should be used.

This study was carried out in order to identify the link between the 5-factor model of personality (the Big 5) with transformational leadership and also to identify the extent of predictability of the transformational leadership in terms of five different facets of personality. Neuroticism, extraversion, agreeableness, conscientiousness and openness to experience were hypothesized to predict transformational leadership. Two questionnaires were used for data collection. Personality was measured through managers/ leaders’ self ratings using the NEO-FFI while subordinates rated their leaders’ behavior, using MLQ. Results based on 56 leaders and 148 subordinates from 19 Educational Districts of Tehran Metropolitan revealed that extraversion and openness to experience positively predicted transformational leadership. Conscientiousness was also positively correlated with transformational leadership, but cannot predict transformational leadership behaviors. Moreover there was no significant relationship between neuroticism and agreeableness, and transformational leadership. Accordingly, the results indicate that leadership behaviors can be predictable based on some personality traits. Also some behavioral differences among transformational leaders may originate from some personal traits.

This study investigated the effects of concurrent cognitive tasks on right or lefthemispheric dominant brains. Lateral Preference Inventory was administered on 787 girlstudents and, using purposive sampling method, 60 were selected as participants. Aftercontrolling participants’ handedness and intelligence, they were divided into two groups of30 with right or left hemispheric dominant brains, and were tested against dual cognitive task interference. The independent t-test confirmed significant differences between the right and left hemispheric dominant brains’ reaction times, when and only when SOA was 50ms. These findings supported the bottleneck theory of resolution of dual-task interference, and the difference between behavioral performance of right-and left-hemispheric dominant brains. They also suggested substantial impact of hemispheric dominance on cognitive functions, such as resolution of dual-task interference, instead of only control of handedness.