فهرست مطالب یوسف محمد پور

The philosophy of interprofessional education is that students of different health professions learn to be better prepared for collaboration and teamwork. In 2010, the World Health Organization (WHO) published a practical framework for interprofessional education. Interprofessional education enhances communication skills in health professions, improving patient outcomes through collaboration and teamwork. A comprehensive theoretical framework is needed to guide organizations in reaching their goals and improving interprofessional education. Few studies have directly addressed specific theoretical frameworks for interprofessional education. Most studies are based on adult learning theory, psychological theories of group behavior, teamwork approaches, and learning organization. The comprehensive conceptual map presented about interprofessional education in this article can improve effective communication, participation, and teamwork in the healthcare field and ultimately improve students' clinical learning and the quality of patient care.

There is a growing interest in telenursing's effect in reducing the burden of chronic diseases.

In this study, a comprehensive review of systematic reviews of the effect of telenursing interventions on primary care of cardiovascular diseases was performed. The reviewed English articles were published between 2000 and 2018. International databases, including CINAHL, Web of Sciences, Science direct ERIC, Google Scholar, PubMed, SCOPUS, Wiley, Springer, Cochrane, EMBASE, Education Index British, were used to search for studies. Articles were evaluated for quality using relevant checklists. Data were extracted by a researcher. The second researcher reviewed the data using a standardized form. Then, two evaluators evaluated the quality of each study using a review quality assessment questionnaire.

Out of 85 articles, 13 studies were included, four studies focused on telecommunication interventions performed on blood pressure, and 9 studies focused on telecommunication and management of heart failure. Seven studies received a score of 5 or higher and were of good quality.

The findings show that telenursing reduces blood pressure, reduces overall hospitalization and HF-induced hospitalization, reduces overall mortality, and improves the quality of life. It also improves disease outcomes and reduces health costs. However, we need more research to examine the components of telephoning interventions to determine these components' relative value. Also, the methods of influencing telecommunication on health outcomes need further investigation to show the desired results.

Autonomy is an important and necessary factor in nursing. Autonomy in the work environment can affect various factors, including nurses' retention and commitment to the job. The present study aimed to determine the professional autonomy and its relationship with the organizational commitment of nurses working in the critical care units of Urmia educational hospitals.

This descriptive and cross-sectional correlational study was conducted on 385 nurses working in intensive care units in 2022-2023. Sampling was done by quota method, and data collection was done using demographic questionnaires, Varjus professional autonomy scale, and Porter's organizational commitment questionnaire. Independent t-test and ANOVA were used to examine the relationship between demographic variables and the components of this research, and Pearson's correlation coefficient was used to investigate the relationship between professional autonomy and organizational commitment.

Based on the mean and standard deviation of nurses' professional autonomy (63.57±16.62) and organizational commitment (61.12±12.34), the nurses' professional autonomy and organizational commitment in the intensive care unit were moderate. A significant positive relationship was observed between professional autonomy and organizational commitment (p < 0.05).

By promoting nurses' professional autonomy, their organizational commitment can be improved, increasing the quality of care. Therefore, it is recommended to adopt appropriate strategies and necessary policies to improve nurses' professional autonomy.

In recent years the issues surrounding competency-based education (CBE) increased attention and debate among health professionals and the international conferences and pilot projects proposed by a growing number of many of the issues of education magazines Medical critically examined. Because it had not been provided in nursing competency-based framework, providing a comprehensive framework, based on merit, competence in the development and standardization of the nursing department is a necessity. The review included all articles published from 1990 to 2015 related to defined competency framework for competency-based education in nursing, to languages, English and Farsi were analyzed. Ask first study defined search strategy was determined. Search for studies of databases with international and domestic sources, such as CINAHL, Web of Sciences, Science direct, ERIC, Google Scholar PubMed, SCOPUS, Wiley, Springer, Cochrane, EMBASE, SID, Irandoc, Iranmedex, MagirIran and related journals use key words appropriate Competency, competency framework, competency-based education, nursing, critical review and synthesis were used. Articles met the inclusion criteria of quality were assessed by using the checklist. 2,700 articles were found and 217 of them were review articles entered the study. With regard to the relevance of related or unrelated divided into two categories and, ultimately, 84 Article of the final selection was then analyzed. The main purpose of the use of competency-based education in nursing competencies increase the likelihood of transmission is performance-based learning experiences in organizational outcomes. To achieve this, educational institutions a wide range of studies to identify competency to employ that will help students to prepare for the world of work.

Diabetes as one of the most common chronic diseases with serious complications can affect the quality of life. Patient education is one of the oldest and best ways to control these complications. Traditional and modern teaching methods have shown different results on the quality of life of these patients. This study aimed to compare the effect of self-empowerment through training package and workshop programs on the quality of life of diabetic patients referring to diabetes clinics, Urmia University of Medical Sciences in 2013
This study is an experimental study with pretest - posttest design that has been carried out on 40 diabetic patients referred to diabetes clinic of Urmia University of Medical Sciences. The samples were randomly divided into two groups of workshop and training. In order to collect data a questionnaire with two parts of demographic and quality of life of diabetic patients were used. After collecting the data, they were coded and analyzed with statistical software SPSS (ver16) using chi-square, Mann-Whitney and Wilcoxon tests.
Quality of life score were 40.25±7.69, 46.00±7, and 39.9±9.00, 48.5±5.56 in the intervention group with training workshop, and in the intervention group with educational package, respectively. The findings didn’t show statistically significant differences in quality of life scores between the two groups before and after intervention (P =0.057). But a significant difference was found in any of the groups in quality of life scores (P The study showed that indirect education methods like the use of educational training packages as well as the direct method such as training workshops can increase and improve the quality of life in patients, and it can be used in cases where there is no possibility of holding workshops for patients with diabetes as an effective educational method to improve the quality of life of diabetic patients.

Admission to the hospital and waiting for the invasive procedures like coronary angiography is an extraordinary source of anxiety that causes detrimental behavioral and cognitive effects. This study aimed to determine the effect of pre-operative supportive care plan on physiological indicators of patients undergoing coronary angiography in Urmia Seyed-Alshohada university hospital.
In this experimental study with pretest-posttest design, 124 patients undergoing coronary angiography in Urmia Seyed-Alshohada university hospital who met the inclusion criteria were randomly allocated into two groups as control and experimental. The control group received conventional routine care but the experiment group received interventions based on nursing care plan before angiography in addition to the normal cares. The patients’ anxiety score was measured through Amsterdam Preoperative Anxiety and Information Scale (APAIS), their blood pressure measured by a Richter mercury sphygmomanometer and a Litman stethoscope and their heart rate measured by a digital pulse oximetry (Bitmos-Sat 805 Model). The collected data was analyzed by SPSS v.13 software using descriptive and inferential statistics (independent t-test and Mann-Whitney U test).
The results showed that the physiological indicators (anxiety scores, heart rate and blood pressure of patients undergoing coronary angiography) in the experimental group was significantly less than the control group (P It seems that supportive care plan before coronary angiography has considerable clinical advantages and reduces the level of anxiety in patients undergoing coronary angiography significantly. Therefore, it is recommended to apply the holistic nursing developed supportive care plan presented in this study as a key to reduce the level of anxiety in patients undergoing coronary angiography.

There are numerous errors in food-drug administration through feeding tube. Appropriate performance of nurses can improve patient safety and prevention of complications. The aim of this study is to assess the effectiveness of small group teaching on the nurses’ performance of food-drug administration.
This was an experimental study that was done in Urmia Emam Khomeini hospital. 80 nurses were enrolled in the study by using census method. The intervention group was divided into four groups, and for each group, four training sessions (one and half hour) with the creation of thoughtful learning situation was held. Knowledge and performance in relation to food-drug administration were evaluated before, and one month after the training program.
The results showed that before training, status of nurses’ knowledge was poor in the control (90/6 percent) and intervention groups (80 percent). After the implementation of training for the intervention group, 97/1 percent of status of nurses’ knowledge in the intervention group was good. Before the training, most of the nurses did not have good performance in both groups. Implementation of the training for the intervention group caused improving the performance of the nurses.
There are errors in the time of food-drug administration through feeding tube. This can cause adverse effects. Hence, improvement and use of proper techniques in food-drug administration can increase efficacy of drug feeding and nutrition, it can increase patient safety and reduce the occlusion number of tube feeding.

To make a development in nursing education, it’s necessary to evaluate the processes of the clinical education and become informed about modern executive models. In this regard, Competency Based Education Model (CBEM) is a new educational model that aims to reach desired clinical role. This study aims to determine the effect of implementing competency-based education model on nursing students’ clinical performance in Coronary Care Unit (CCU). In this quasi-experimental study with post-test design 34 senior nursing students, who met the inclusion criteria, were selected through census and divided into two groups as control and experimental. The control group received conventional education and the experiment group received competency based education for their CCU course. The students’ clinical performance score was measured through 3 researcher-made data collecting instrument (clinical performance assessment checklist, self-report questionnaire and multiple choice test). The collected data was analyzed by SPSS (16) software using descriptive and inferential statistics (Chi-square, independent t-test and Mann-Whitney U test). The results indicated that clinical performance of students in the experimental group was significantly higher than students in the control group both in terms of specific clinical performance (P<0.001) and generic clinical performance (P=0.001). Competency-based education model more than the conventional model improved the students’ generic and specific clinical performance. Therefore, it is recommended that nursing educational officials improve the efficiency and the effectiveness of clinical courses by taking advantages of this educational model and modifying the nursing curriculum based on modern educational strategies.

From 1948 in which the World Health Organization emphasized on health as a complete physical, mental and social one, and not merely the absence of disease and disability, the concept of quality of life has been changed, and subsequently health care researches have been gradually increased. The most common method is oral contraceptives, LD, So, due to controversies about different methods of contraception, this study tries to investigate the effect of the most common method, LD, on women's quality of life. This study was a descriptive-analytic one. The quality of life of two groups of women, i.e. new applicants of LD (190 students), and the old LD users (200 patients) referring to different health centers of Urmia University of Medical Sciences were collected and compared. The instrument used in this study was a two-part questionnaire containing demographic questions, and Quality of Life Questionnaire (WHOQOL_BREF). The data were analyzed by using SPSS program (ver.13) to obtain the absolute frequency and percentage, mean, standard deviation, chi-square tests, t-test, and analysis of variance. In this study, two groups were matched and made similar concerning their age, husband's age, and number of children. Except physical dimension, the quality of life scores between the two groups were not significantly different. In the group who had taken LD for more than a year, their physical scores had increased significantly. According to the results of this study and other studies, the reason for average increase in the physical dimension, can be the result of the direct and obvious effect of LD on reducing dysmenorrhea, amount and duration of menstrual bleeding, the physical symptoms of PMS, acne, etc.

Communication skills are the cornerstone of the entire adequate clinical measures and have an important role in health sector. Therefore, educating communication skills to the students improve the efficiency of the education system. In this regard, Competency-Based Education Model (CBEM) is a new educational model that aims to reach desired clinical role. This study aims to determine the effect of implementing competency-based education model on nursing students’ communication skills in Urmia Medical Sciences University. In this quasi-experimental study with post-test design; 34 senior nursing students, who met the inclusion criteria, were selected through census and divided into two groups as control and experimental. The control group received traditional education and the experiment group received competency-based education for their coronary care unit course. The students’ communication skills score were measured through a researcher-made data collecting instrument (self-report questionnaire with likert rating scale). The collected data was analyzed by SPSS (19) software using descriptive and inferential statistics (Kolmogorov-Smirnov, Chi square and independent t-test). The results indicate that communication skills of students in the experimental group was significantly higher than students in the control group (P=0.007). CBEM better than the conventional model improves the students’ communication skills. Therefore, it is suggested to improve the efficiency and the effectiveness of clinical courses by taking advantage of this educational.

Scientific achievement of the students is the aim of education in universities and accordingly considering the style which students learn through it, will have a key role in promoting quality of education and achieving educational goals. This study aimed to determine nursing and midwifery student's preferred learning styles in Urmia University of Medical Sciences. This cross sectional study was conducted on 200 nursing and midwifery students of the 2nd year by census method. Data collecting instrument was the VARK learning style questionnaire that its validity and reliability had been confirmed. Finally after entering the collected data to the SPSS (19) software, data analysis was performed by using descriptive and inferential statistics. Prioritization of the preferred learning styles of students was as the following: Visual (the most common learning style), and Kinesthetic (the least common learning style) that used by students participated in this study. The other results indicated that there is no statistically significant correlation between learning styles with gender, field of study and the students’ interest in their discipline (P<0/05). Since the nursing and midwifery students’ most common learning style is visual style, utilization of visual instructional media can lead to the improvement of students’ learning. Therefore, it is recommended to the faculty professors to provide the enhancing educational quality in the schools of nursing and midwifery, by using evidence-based teaching methods.

Clinical efficacy plays an important role in clinical knowledge and skill application. One of the ways to increase self-efficacy is using experience, and results of clinical research. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the impact of evidence-based education on nursing student's self-efficacy.

This experimental study was conducted on 48 nursing students in their 3rd semester in Urmia University of Medical Sciences, Iran. The study subjects were selected using convenience sampling and randomly divided into 2 groups of intervention and control (n = 24). Considering the students ' training in the orthopedic ward, the intervention group participants were divided into 8 groups. Students in the intervention group were trained in evidence-based education in 2 sessions each lasting 2 hours. Self-efficacy was evaluated before and after training in the control and intervention groups using the generalized self-efficacy (GSE) scale. Data were analyzed using SPSS software, and chi-square, t-test, Mann-Whitney test, and Wilcoxon test. Data were analyzed using confidence interval of 95 ± 2%.

Of the students, 33.3% were female and 66.7% male. Mann-Whitney test showed the self-efficacy of the intervention group students to be significantly higher than control group students (P < 0.001). No significant differences were observed in the control group.

Evidence-based education causes greater improvement in self-efficacy in comparison to conventional methods. Therefore, the use of this method is recommended in clinical education.

Today, workplace violence (WPV) is one of the most complex issues of healthcare systems. The nurses, due to their central role in the health care team and consisting a very large population of hospital personals, are repeatedly exposed to violence, especially in Emergency Departments (EDs). Therefore, we decided to conduct a study to determine the extent and nature of violence perpetrated against nurses in EDs of Urmia university hospitals. This cross sectional study was conducted on 120 nurses in EDs of Urmia university hospitals (Imam Khomeini, Ayatollah Taleghani, Motahari and Seyed Al-Shohada). Data collecting instrument was a researcher-made questionnaire with 35 items in 2 parts: Demographic characteristics and WPV. After entering the collected data to the SPSS (19) software, data analysis was performed by using descriptive and analytical statistics (Chi square and Fisher's exact test). The highest rates of violence against nurses include verbal violence (92/5%), physical violence (34/2%) and verbal threats (31/7%). The main perpetrators of violence against nurses associated with patient’s companions (relatives or friends) (73/8%). 66/4% of nurses did not report exposure to violence to hospital authorities. Also, none of the nurses had received training or instruction on how to deal with violence. Due to the frequent exposure of nurses to WPV in EDs, effective steps should be taken to reduce this neglected problem of healthcare systems, such as: training and instructing the nurses about how to deal with violence, using written papers to report violence, improvement of laws and regulations, paying more attention by authorities to this issue, and using mass media for public education and promoting the culture of communication with hospital staff.

Nurses are the largest service providers in the health system, so they should have desirable quality of life to provide favorable care for the patients. On the other hand, the nurse's workload is high. The study aims to investigate the correlation between mental workload and quality of life in nurses. This descriptive, analytical and cross-sectional study was performed on 120 nurses of medical sciences of Urmia University. For assessment of mental workload and quality of life NASA- Task Load Index (TLX) and quality of life questionnaire (SF36) were used respectively. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics and Pearson correlation analysis. Reault: Result showed mental demand was maximum (86.16± 21.24) and physical need was minimum (55/83± 22.16) compared to other mental workload aspects. Quality of life index in the activity limitation due to emotional problems was in worst situation (50.75±37.91) and in the physical performance was in best situation (73.91± 23.18) compared to other aspects of quality of life dimensions. Between mean score of mental workload with activity limitation due to emotional problems, social performance and general health were statistically significant negative correlation (P<0.05). High mental workloads deteriorate quality of life of nurses and subsequently decrease quality of their service to patients. Therefore, measures necessary to reduce the workload among nurses.

Management of diabetes mellitus by patients have an essential role in the prevention of this disease complications. Empowerment programs is one of the effective methods to teach these patients. This study tries to compare the effects of self-empowerment through education, training packages and training workshop on the empowerment of diabetic patients of Diabetes Center, Urmia University of Medical Sciences. This is an experimental study designed with pre-test, post-test which has been done on 40 patients referring to the Diabetes Center, Urmia University of Medical Sciences. Participants randomly assigned into one of the two groups of workshop, and training. A two-part questionnaire with demographic and psychosocial empowerment tool was used for data collection. The data were analyzed after collecting and coding the data by using the SPSS (ver16) statistical software. Mean age of the workshop, and training package study groups were 58/80±7/81, and 54/95±8/61, respectively. The findings did not show any significant relation of psychosocial empowerment scores between the two groups in terms of its dimensions before and after the intervention (P= 0/570). However, statistically significant correlation were found in the psychosocial dimensions (P<0/0001) before and after the intervention (within the group) in each of the groups in empowerment scores. The study revealed more effective empowering, whether through workshop or training package to improve the psychosocial empowerment in patients.

There was a looker on significant progress in the field of medicine sciences and especially in reproductive medicine in the late twentieth century.One of the most important developments is availability of various access to different infertility treatments. Using these methods has raised ethical and legal issues and many ethical and legal considerations. The most important ethical issues pertain to embryo donation, including informed consent, screening of donors and recipients, confidentiality, financial issues, etc. and other issues about donated gametes or embryos.Considering the four principles of medical ethics (including respect for autonomy, beneficence, non-maleficence and justice, it can be concluded that: according to the principle of respect for autonomy, donors and recipients should be aware of what they intend to do as well as its conditions. Therefore, before starting treatment, it should be presented to couples counseling on the risks and the treatment process. Also according to the principle of respect for autonomy, confidentiality of information about embryo donors and recipients is required and it is necessary that documents with high confidentiality to be protected. With regard to principles of beneficence and non-maleficence, the embryo donors and recipients must be screened before handing, some of them will be recognized as eligible characteristics and competencies and some will be excluded from the treatment process. About anonymity of donor and disclosure or non-disclosure of the secret donation to the child and others, different comments have been proposed. But it seems that with respect of the two principles of justice and respect for autonomy, the child's right to be aware about his/her biological origin is a moral imperative. Furthermore, according to the principle of non-maleficence; in terms of jurisprudence and preventing incestuous marriage in the future and possible requirement of the probability the need of donated child to use the transplantation organs, it seems to be necessary in certain cases that, gamete and embryo donors’ identity be registered and how to access this information are determined. Based on the principle of justice, it is better to plan the process in a way that allows providing financial compensation to donors. With regard to the principle of non-maleficence, the considered amount should be chosen in a way to minimize the financial impetus of the donors and possible misuse. Therefore, planning and definition of financial relations between the ovum donor and recipient will be helpful in order to prevent any misabuse. Based on the principle of justice and non-maleficence donated embryos should be kept under quite standard laboratory conditions and all of the safety measures tips for transporting them should be implemented.

80 percent of works in healthcare system conducted by nurses. Nursing is one of the high workload occupations. Assessments of work load in nurses who are concerned with human life are important, in order to provide effective service. The object of the current study was to determine mental work load among nurses and its effective factors. This study was a descriptive - analytic and cross-sectional one that was conducted among 120 nurses of Urmia University of Medical Sciences hospitals in 2013. In this study, we used NASA - Task load indexes (TLX) for assessment of mental workload of nurses. Data were analyzed by descriptive statistics and Pierson correlation analysis. The Results showed that mental needs were maximum (86/16 ± 21/24) and physical needs were minimum (55/83 ± 22/16) compared to other workload aspects. Mean mental work load score in Intensive Care Unit (ICU) was maximum (82/33 ± 20/49). Between the hours of work per week, department, shift work and the number of patients per nurse with mean mental workload score, there were significant correlations. Mean mental workload score was higher among nurses, which can negatively impact the quality of care provided by nurses, therefore, implementation of effective programs to mitigate and reduce the mental load in order to enhance nurse's performance are suggested.

Today breast cancer is the most common malignancy among women، hence measuring the quality of life of patients with breast cancer is of great important. Chemotherapy is one of the common treatment procedures that cause several side effects. Patient who received outpatient chemotherapy need active measurements to control these side effects. It is necessary to get enough information from the patients and their family''s education. The aim of this study is the evaluation of the effects of educational package on controlling the complications of chemotherapeutic agents on symptom scales of quality of life in patients with breast cancer undergoing chemotherapy This is a quasi-experimental study. Patients were 106 women with breast cancer candidate to chemotherapy referred to ward of Oncology in Omid and Imam Khomeini hospitals. Eligible patient selected as available sampling. They were randomly divided into intervention and control groups. Questionnaire measured the quality of life using the European Organization for Research and treatment of cancer Quality of life Questionnaire (EROTC QLQ_C30) and its breast cancer supplementary measure (QLQ-BR 23) at two points in time; baseline (pre-chemotherapy)، 12 weeks after chemotherapy (within four cycle of chemotherapy). After two chemotherapy cycle intervention group received the educational package for control of chemotherapy side effects. The results showed that educational package for controlling the side effects of chemotherapy in intervention group reduced the symptom scales of quality of life and increased the global quality of life (p<0. 005)، in comparison with the control group. According to the results، codification of an integrated educational program by oncology nurses will have significant positive impact on the promoting quality of life in patients with breast cancer undergoing chemotherapy.

ECG interpretation in clinical situation has developed fgrom simple determination of rate and rhythm toward the diagnosis of complex arrhythmias، ischemia and myocardial infarction. Having enough knowledge and skills in this field is one of the essential competences for nurses، especially in intensive care units، which can be influenced by education circumstance and also regarding this; the survey of new educational methods for obtaining deep and effective learning of Electrocardiography seems necessary. The aim of this study was to determinate the effect of educational software of dysrhythmia simulator on ECG interpretation''s knowledge among nurses who are working in intensive care units. This quasi-experimental study conducted with participation of 73 ICU and CCU nurses from two Seyedoshohada and Taleghani hospitals of Oroumiyeh that were randomly placed in two groups; intervention and control. Data were gathered by a researcher-made questionnaire، which verified their validity and reliability and was consisted of 15 theoretical questions and 25 dysrhythmia strips in the form of pretest-posttest design. The collected data were analyzed by SPSS statistical software and descriptive statistics (ver. 16). The mean and standard deviation of the nurses’ before and after scores، the group that used educational software of arrhythmia simulator method was 17. 21±2. 04 and 22. 15±3. 27 respectively، whereas it was 16. 77±4. 86 and 19. 13±5. 28 in the conference group، respectively. The Independent statistical T-test revealed a significant statistical difference between the post training scores in two groups (p=0/004). Also the comparison of average of scores in the form of intra- group with paired t-test revealed significant differences in before and after scores in every group (p<0/005). However، the mean difference between pre and post scores in the intervention group was higher. The use of educational software of dysrhythmia simulator causes more improvement of the knowledge of nurses in dysrhythmia interpretation field. According to the results of this study، the ease of using and availability of simulator software، and it''s application in wards can facilitate in-service training for staff، particularly nurses who are working in intensive care units and also enhance their knowledge and skills in the interpretation of electrocardiograms effectively.

Academic failure of the students in higher education is one of the major problems. This study aims to examine the factors affecting Academic failure of the college students at Urmia Medical University.

This descriptive - analytical study in which 165 students from the Faculty of Paramedical Sciences،Urmia University of Medical Sciences were selected by cluster sampling. The field of interest of the students included different disciplines such as radiology، laboratory science، health technology، anesthesiology، and the operating room. Demographic characteristics and attitudes of students with academic failure factors were collected by a researcher made questionaiere.

The results showed that the academic failure was most frequent among anesthesiology students comparing to other courses. E conomic status، and unsuitable study hours were the major factors of academic failure according to the students’ point of view. Paying more attention to educational، and training related factors، in addition preventing academic failure of students can help to improve and develop the country.

Individual characteristics، economic status، number of hours of study and training are the major causes of educational failure.

Nursing process is a thoughtful approach to identify and solve health problems in order to meet health care needs; an approach that according to the majority of scholars associates with the concept of evidence-based nursing. This study was done to analyze the impact of evidence-based nursing education on five scopes of nursing process among nursing students. This quasi-experimental study was conducted on 48 third semester nursing students in Orumie nursing faculty in the academic year 2012-2013. Subjects were collected based on convenience sampling and then randomly divided to intervention and control groups (24 members in each group). Intervention group received evidence-based nursing education. Using a checklist، we evaluated both groups’ styles in writing nursing process. Data was analyzed by SPSS software and chi-square test. The results of study showed that after the intervention there was a statistically significant difference between the groups. Members of intervention group had better performance in all five scopes of nursing process in comparison with control group members (The percentages of their better performances are as follows: in assessment scope 61/9%، in the priority scope66/9%، in the planning scope 72/2%، in implementation77/3%، and in the evaluation 68/4%). Evidence-based nursing education improves the skills of nursing process more than traditional method، therefore it is recommended to use this method in clinical educations.

Nursing process is the important pivot of nursing، and it is an icon of the art and science application in the prevention of disease and promotion and maintaining of health. The ultimate goal of nursing services is improving the quality of patient care. One of the most important ways to improve the quality of nursing care is using evidence-based nursing educations. This study examines the impact of evidence-based nursing education in executive skill of nursing process among nursing students. This quasi-experimental study was conducted on 48 students of third semester in the academic year of 2012-2013 in Urmia. Data sampling was available، and it was randomly divided into two groups: control (24)، and intervention (24). Students in the intervention group were trained in evidence-based nursing. They were evaluated how to write a nursing process in control and intervention groups by using a check list. The data was analyzed by using Chi2، independent t test and Mann Whitney methods of SPSS software. The results of this study showed that the students'' skills in nursing process based on evidence-based nursing education were better than the control group students (P<0. 001). Comparing the two groups، the mean difference between the two groups in clinical performance after the intervention had a significant difference (P<0. 001). Evidence-based nursing education improves the skills of the nursing process more than traditional method due to the strengthening and developing of critical thinking and creativity. Therefore it is recommended to use this method in clinical education.

E thics in nursing care is very important and professional competence. In nursing، ethics means that the nursing care is based on the principles of bioethics. However the ethical care and ethical competence in nursing students are important unanswered questions. More studies should be carried out in this regard. This study is a qualitative study. 35 nursing students of the faculty of Nursing & Midwifery participated in the study. The interviews were analyzed by content analysis. The findings of the analysis were classified in four categories، including clinical environment، curriculum، teacher qualifications and academic knowledge in the field of professional ethics، motivation and interest of students to the nursing profession. The findings indicated that the development of moral competence in nursing students and the same areas are effective. So the moral qualification barriers should be searched and managed in different dimensions.

Clinical education is a complex process with various factors. The portfolio program is considered a learning strategy that helps perception of nursing students in clinical environment. This study was carried out to compare the impact of Portfolio program performance with traditional method education on the perception of the nursing students (4th semester) in Urmia Nursing and Midwifery Faculty. This research is a quasi-experimental study in which 37 nursing students (4th semester) were divided into two groups as control (traditional education) and intervention (portfolio education). dream (the Dundee ready education environment measure) is used to evaluate the perception of the standard model with minor changes to adjust with the cultural points of Iranian Universities، then it is used in Cardiac Ward. The DREEM contains 50 statements relating to range of topics directly relevant to education environment. The DREEM provides a global score (out of 200) for the 50 items and has five factors of Students’ Perceptions of Learning، Students’ Perceptions of Teachers، Students’ Academic Self Perceptions، Students’ Perceptions of Atmosphere، and Students’ Social Self Perceptions. Data was analyzed by SPSS software using، Chi2، independent t test، Mann Whitney and Pearson test. Expectation of nursing students in clinical environment achieved in Portfolio education more than Traditional education (P<0. 001). The difference between the mean scores perception in two groups was significant (P<0. 001). According to achieved score in interventional groups that manifest optimal state، it is considered that using of new educational method such as Portfolio causes achieving expectation of students in clinical environments.

The growth of each child in the face of factors such as disease and nutrition is very sensitive and most sensitive measure of growth is weight. This study aimed to determine the factors adversely affecting growth in children 6 to 24 months was conducted. Information compiled by the researcher-made questionnaire, the results from previous research and the criteria for poor growth were collected and were analyzed with SPSS software. Descriptive statistics of variables and parameters for data analysis, inferential statistics were used. Of the children surveyed 50.3% boys and 49.7 percent of the children were girls. Gender of individuals studied was not significantly associated with poor growth. The most important variables in this study can be adversely affecting the growth of LBW, multiple nature, having reduced the number of pregnancies and breastfeeding noted. Findings could lead to improved primary health care in the age pyramid of 6 to 24 months. Therefore, respecting the most effective factors on undesired growth in health care centers can prevent the related problems.